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1、Love and Hatred in Wuthering HeightsABSTRACTThe novel Wuthering Heights was not accepted by the people when it was published, but later it was honored as the oddest novel in the history of English literature because of its wild and impressive beauty. We will be greatly moved by the wild passion betw
2、een Catherine and Heathcliff, as well as be shocked by Heathcliffs cruel revenge. The novel not only expressed the tense conflict between love and hatred, but also implied the combination and transformation between them. Love is followed by hatred; hatred is caused by love; and finally love defeats
3、hatred and gets its rebirth. The famous English novelist Maugham evaluated the novel in the following words, “I never know theres ever another novel that has surprisingly described such anguish, infatuated, cruel, and ever-lasting love.”Key words: love ; passion; hatred; revenge摘 要呼啸山庄这部小说在出版之初并未得到人
4、们的认可，后来以其野性的、感人肺腑的美被誉为英国文学史上最奇异的小说。我们不仅为希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳暴风骤雨般强烈的爱情所感动，也为希刺克厉夫残酷的报复行为所震惊。小说既鲜明的表现了爱和恨的紧张对立，又暗示了爱和恨的暧昧转化和统一。先爱后恨，恨由爱生，最终爱战胜恨而复出。英国著名小说家毛姆对小说做出如此评价，“我不知道还有哪一部小说其中爱情的痛苦、迷恋、残酷、执着，曾经如此令人吃惊地描述出来。”关键词：爱；激情；恨；复仇Love and Hatred in Wuthering HeightsCONTENTS1. Introduction12. Super-human love and conve
5、ntional love32.1. Super-human love between Catherine and Heathcliff32.2 Conventional love to be noticed53 .Hatred caused by twisted love74. The rebirth of love defeats hatred95. Conclusion10Bibliography11Acknowledgements12Love and Hatred in Wuthering Heights1. IntroductionThe novelist of Wuthering H
6、eights, Emily Bronte, lived in the thirties of the nineteenth century when the struggle between the workers and capitalists became the fundamental contradiction in English social life. The great misery of the workers led to an upsurge of labor movements and the organization of the workers into union
7、s. The crying social contradictions were reflected in literary works of the time and a new literary trend-critical realism appeared. The critical realists not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people.Emily
8、was the fifth child of a poor clergy man, and the whole family lived on the wild moors of the North of England. The Bronte children kept very much to themselves and had to depend entirely on their own resources. They loved walking on the moors, and Emily in particular developed a passionate love of
9、the rough moorland scenery; at home, they read whatever they could lay their hands on and lived more and more in the world of imagination. Emily had a poetic imagination which was a spirit more somber than sunny, more powerful than sportive .According to her sister Charlotte Bronte, “Emily was cleve
10、r, benevolent, but very stubborn. Stronger than a man, simpler than a child, her nature stood alone.”Wuthering Heights was the only novel of Emily Bronte, but it had an unchangeable place in the literary world. The very story began when Hethcliff, a homeless orphan, was brought up by Mr. Earnshaw, t
11、he owner of Wuthering Heights. Soon the boy and the owners daughter, Catherine, became inseparable fiends and had wild passion with each other. But after the old owners death, his son, Hindley abused Hethcliff and treated him as a servant. Catherine continued her close relationship with him, which r
12、eleased him from his suffer a little. However, after meeting Edgar Linton, a young gentleman from Thrushcross Grange, Catherine felt it would be a degrading for her to marry Hethcliff though she loved him dearly. Overhearing this confession, Hethcliff disappeared in a rage of shame and despair, and
13、was not heard for many years. Heart-broken for the loss of her beloved, Catherine fell badly ill and later married Edgar. Just shortly after their marriage, Hethcliff returned with surprisingly good manners and wealth, and set about seeking revenge on all who had wronged him. He deviously lent money
14、 to the drunken Hindley in order to increase his debts and finally got Wuthering Heights. He married Isabella, Edgars sister, and treated her as a tool to enrage Edgar and inherit Thrushcross Grange. Catherine, torn between her lover and husband, became very ill and died in childbirth. Unbearable wi
15、thout Catherine, Hethcliff grew even crueler to his enemies. He raised Hindleys son, Hareton, as a common labor without education. He then forced Edgar and Catherines daughter, young Catherine, to marry his sickly son, young Linton. Though cruelly revenged himself on the tow families, Hethcliff got
16、no happiness at all but grew more miserable in the memory for Catherine. At last, he died of starvation and went with Catherines soul together on the moors.The novel Wuthering Heights are full of love and hatred which are both conflicted and combined. The impressive, relentless and vigorous love aro
17、uses implacable emotions in depth of the readers heart with its ultimate passion, infatuation and great miseries. The hatred from the deepest bottom of the heart, which has brought so many pains, shocks the readers brain. In the following passage we will learn the story together through analyzing th
18、e different kinds of love, the hatred caused by love and the rebirth of love defeats hatred.2. Super-human love and conventional loveIn this novel Emily described not only Catherine and Heathcliffs wild passion which may be called the super-human love, but also the conventional love, just like Cathe
19、rine and Edgars love, as well as young Catherine and Haretons love. The two love models were quite different from each other both in their experiences and in their endings. Lord David Cecil once described the characters as “children of storm and children of calm, and the offspring of love combine th
20、e best qualities of the parents while offspring of hate (young Linton) combine the worst. Children of storm mis-mated to children of calm or frustrated in their desire to mate with fellow children of storm are driven to destructive madness; but children of such mis-matting were made in love and not
21、in hate (Catherine and Edgar, Hareton and young Catherine) can they mate and restore harmony between opposing elements.”2.1. Super-human love between Catherine and HeathcliffFirst, we will see the intense and unbreakable love between Catherine and Heathcliff. Their love was based on their shared per
22、ception that they were identical, and it denied difference or change over time. When they were children, they shared a lot of common and had wild passion for each other .Both of them were wild, high-spirited and always spend a whole day playing games on the moors together. They also enjoyed fighting
23、 against conventions and religious beliefs in spite of being punished severely. They were proud and arrogant by teasing Edgar and Isabella, the two spoiled and coward children of Thrushcross Grange. They got on very well and enjoyed the happiest of life during their early childhood. At that moment,
24、their passion was the purest childrens love. After Mr. Earnshaws death Heathcliff was abused cruelly and treated by Hindley as a servant, allowed no education and forbidden to have further contact with Catherine. His life became miserable and his malevolence for Hindley grew more and more. But Cathe
25、rine insisted her close friendship with him, which more or less released his pain. They loved each other without considering the unbridgeable gap of their different social positions. However, after spending five weeks recuperating at Thrushcross Grange Catherine seemed to have become a lady and real
26、ized her different social status from Heathcliff. Though she loved him more than anything else in the world, she was fashioned by Edgars handsome face, gentle behavior and wealthy family. The desire for a genteel lifestyle guided her to marry Edgar but nothing could alter or lessen the powerful love
27、 between Heathcliff and her. Here Catherine described the conflict between her love for Heathcliff and Edgar, “My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliffs miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained
28、I should still continue to be, and if all else remained, and he was annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. My love for Edgar is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it; Im well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff r
29、esembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Im Heathcliff! Hes always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being.”( Emily Bronte, 2005: 65;) But Heathcliff only hear that she would marry Edgar
30、and didnt hear her love promise to him, so he left her in great despair. Because of the lost of him, Catherine nearly got mad and had a bad ill. After the marriage Catherine and Edgar lived a peaceful life, but Catherine was not really happy. She felt she had been engaged in a strange place and live
31、d with a strange husband who had almost no common with her at all. So when Heathcliff returned, her wild passion for him was reburned. She showed all her affection to him without considering her husbands feeling. But it was impossible foe her to live peacefully with the two men together. She had to
32、choose one of them, which made her torn between their loves and finally caused her madness. By the marriage, she brought misery to both of the men who loved her and ruined herself at last. Heathcliff accused her of having abandoned her innermost nature in abandoning him, “Why did you betray your own
33、 heart, Cathy? I have not broken your heart you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?” (Emily Bronte, 2005: 129)Duri
34、ng Catherines last days, Heathcliff met her without fear of the great danger that he would be involved (Edgar may shoot him when he saw him meeting his wife.) The two lovers embraced tightly and kissed with tear. They knew they would be separated again by death, which neither of them could bear. Cat
35、herine cried: “I wish I could hold you, till we were both dead!” “I shall not at peace. Im not wishing you greater torment than I have. I only wish us never to be parted.” After Catherines death, Heathcliff cried from his deep heart: “I believe-I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me a
36、lways-take any form-drive me mad! Only dont leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! It is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul!” 2.2 Conventional love to be noticedThere are other types of love in the story which can be called the conventional l
37、ove. Though not as intense and impressed as Catherine and Heathcliffs wild passion, they are gentle, quiet and joyful humans love. Edgar, a kind, gentle, civilized and rich man, was attracted by Catherines beauty and loved her irredeemably. He knew her naughty spirit and wild passion, but mistakenly
38、 thought that his gentle love would win her heart at last. Both of his parents died of taking the fever when they took care of her. But when they got married Edgar believed himself the happiest man alive on earth. He placed her on the centre of his family, treated her very kindly and had a deep-root
39、ed fear of ruffling her humor. After Heathcliffs return, he was jealous and raged by his wifes wild passion to his rival. But owing to his deep love to her, he endured the misery and respected her as ever. When she got a brain fever, he nursed her day and night without considering his own health and
40、 strength. There was no doubt that Edgar was a good man and a good husband. But all he had done could not change her passion for Heathcliff. By his marriage to Catherine, Edgar had suffered so much pain but still didnt change his love to her. He missed her in his remaining life and died happily for
41、his reunion to her. Therefore, we cannot help being moved by his gentle love. For young Catherine and Haretons love, the most important feature was that it involved growth and change. At first, Hareton seemed irredeemably brutal, savage and illiterate while young Catherine was beautiful, intelligent
42、 and well-educated. He was greatly attracted by her beauty and wanted to improve himself, but she always mocked his illiteracy and lack of education which hurt the young mans feeling. Over time, as they both lived under the oppression of Heathcliff, they gradually sympathized and accepted each other
43、. Hareton became a loyal friend to young Catherine and learned to read, which made her attitude evolve from contempt to love. The two youth grew to love and trust each other and finally got married, which seemed not only to secure happiness for the future, but to redeem the miseries of the past. In
44、essence, they embodied the strength and passion of Wuthering Heights without its doomed intensity, and the civility and kindness of Thrushcross Grange without its cowardly snobbishness. Joined through their loving bond, the two estates would constitute a haven of warmth, hope and joy. The housekeepe
45、r Nelly said that, “I shall envy no one on their wedding-day: there wont be a happier woman than myself in England!” “The crown of all my wishes will be the union of the two.” I also believe that their love is one of the happiest conventional love stories which is popular and welcomed at that time a
46、nd even at modern times. 3 .Hatred caused by twisted loveThen we will look at the hatred of Heathcliff. We cannot agree that his vengeful motives and his sinister behaviors were not due to his strong love for Catherine. The more dearly he loved her, the more cruelly he sought his revenge on the peop
47、le who had prevented him from her. Therefore, the hatred and love were combined together and the former was grown in the earth of the latter. For Heathcliff, Catherines love was the whole support of his spiritual world. He could bear any contempt and insult from Hindley, but could not bear the separ
48、ation from her. He held firmly to the belief that they are the same in the depth of human nature and nothing could divide them. Catherine was the sole consolation and hope in his lonely and strenuous life that supported his whole world and contains his spirit and emotions entirely. But she betrayed
49、their love by marrying to another man. This led him to cruel punishment or treatment to anyone who had relationship with her, or anyone who he hated.Since Hindley treated him as a servant, Catherine felt it degrading to marry him. That was the deep reason for Heathcliff to seek revenge on the man so cruelly. He deviously lent money to the drunken man in order to increase his debts and finally to get Wuthering Heights. Once he hurt Hindley badly and con