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1、 2015-2017年高考英语分项解析精编版专题8 定语从句2017年高考题【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充
2、当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate wit
3、h those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用
4、于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.【2017江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes i
5、s to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。考点：考查定语从句【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at
6、the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。2016年高考题1.【2016北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. wh
7、y C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由
8、的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their ow
9、n opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。eg. The man wi
10、th whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2016江苏】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whic
11、hB.of themC.of whomD.of those【答案】C【解析】【名师点睛】“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/ whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses,most of whichwere already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I p
12、icked up the apples,some of whichwere badly bruised.我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There are two bottles left,one of whichis almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which
13、 has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的the details of which=whose detail
14、s。考点：考查定语从句3.【2016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺
15、少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。4.【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要
16、就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。2015年高考题1.【2015湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A. as B. whereC. thatD. w
17、hich【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.【2015北京】24.Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_you can hear some lovely music.A. which B.that C
18、.when D.where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Pauls Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时，应该考虑关系副词，所以学生需要记住这种方法。3.【2015重庆】14. He wrote many childr
19、en s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。 学#科.网 【考点定位】考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词，用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词，不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词，而及物动词后接宾语，则要求关系代词。Do you know the boy to who
20、m she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句，首先从先行词入手，确实主语是人还是物，再根据定语从句缺少的成分来辨别到底用哪个引导词。4.【2015浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which【答案】C【解析】【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法。【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名
21、词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which，指人则用介词+whom， 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。5.【2015天津】15 The boss of the company is trying
22、 to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。【考点定位】考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的
23、关系词。6.【2015四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.Awhich B. what C. whose D. that【答案】C【解析】【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法，whose在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，还是比较容易判断的。此题中如果在covers之前加上定冠词the，则需要用of+which结构。即此题等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers ar
24、e shiny, are prizes for us.7.【2015陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】定语从句的
25、考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。8.【2015福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】考查
26、非限制性定语从句【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。Which在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语，并且在从句中做主语。9.【2015江苏】21.The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年
27、就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有asis known/expec
28、ted/planned/mentioned/said等。【考点定位】定语从句【名师点睛】考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有asis known/expected/planned/m
29、entioned/said等。10.【2015安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】考查定语从句【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。2014年高考英
30、语分项解析精编版1.【2014重庆卷】9. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what【答案】A【解析】 试题分析：题意：再有一个月就能完成年初制订的销售目标。which指代targets, 在从句中充当set的宾语，排除B、C两项；D项只能引导名词性从句，而本题是一个定语从句，故选择A项。考点：考查定语从句的用法。【名师点睛】本题考查学生对定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从
31、句的标志，没有逗号是限制性定语从句。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语缺少某一项时，应该考虑关系代词，本题从句中缺少宾语，要用which或that代替，因此考生需要记住这种方法。2.【2014北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. whichC. when D. Where【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题考查定语从句，考查方式为选择连接词。根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book,定语从句中缺乏宾
32、语（我朋友推荐给我“书”），加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选B。句意：上周我从图书馆借了福尔摩斯，这是我的同学推荐给我的。考点：考查定语从句的关系词。【名师点睛】考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, i
33、s very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）考生明确这两种就可以轻松解题。3.【2014天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them【答案】B【解析】考点：考查非限制性定语从句和主谓一致。【名师点睛】考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句
34、或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。如：There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。本题中which作主语，从句中的谓语动词是uses ,是动词的单三形式，只能选择B。4.【2014山东卷】10. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：这是一个定语从
35、句，a company 是先行词，profit和 a company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词whose。句意为：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。考点：考查定语从句的用法。【名师点睛】本题与2015年四川卷第3题类似The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法，whose在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，考生应该容易判断。whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常
36、指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位父亲是位工程师小男孩学习很努力.Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。5.【2014江西卷】35. It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to w
37、atch the football game.A. that B. as C. which D. when 【答案】D【解析】考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题与2015年陕西卷第15题类似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。1）如：I shall
38、 never forget the day when we first met in a park.（作时间状语）2） My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall.（作地点状语）3） This is the reason why you should leave.（作原因状语）把理论理解透彻了就可解题。6.【2014四川卷】4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.A. that B. whi
39、ch C. who D. it【答案】B【解析】【知识拓展】非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别关键看前后两个句子中间是否是逗号，是否有连词，比如：He has a daughter, who was admitted to a key university. 而He has a daughter, and she was admitted to a key university . 考点：考查定语从句的用法。【名师点睛】本题与2015年福建卷第34题类似.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and m
40、ore people all over the world want to learn about China.非限制性定语从句能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.7.【2014福建卷】31. Stude
41、nts should involve themselves in community activities_they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：首先分析句子结构，可知这里含有一个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，所以选D。句意：学生应该参加社团活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。【知识拓展】被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之
42、首。定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。考点：本题考查定语从句。【名师点睛】本题可以采取还原句子解题。还原为：Students should involve themselves in community activities，they can gain experience for growth from community activities.加一个介词from，副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语。在本句中they gain experience for growth fr
43、om community activities=where they gain experience for growth8.【2014江苏卷】22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句用法。句中的先行词为work，在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。句意：这
44、本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。故D正确。考点：考查定语从句用法【名师点睛】本题考查状语从句。状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。将从句恢复正常语序是：A good impression is a must in the work.所以要用where作地点状语。故选D。9.【2014陕西卷】13. Plea
45、se send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what【答案】A考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】that和which都可指物，且在句中都可作主语和宾语，多数情况下可以互换。但在以下情况中，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。1.先行词既指人又指物。先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,few等。先行词被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等修饰时，或先行词本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no构成的复合词。先行词被形容词及序数词的最高级修饰。先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰。 有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词。主句以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句。本题属于第3种情况，故只能用that。10.【2014安徽卷】22The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A.