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1、2012年英语六级考试翻译冲刺专项训练 1. This is yet _ (两国人民的又一个共同点).2. His scientific works _(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,_(改革也是解放生产力).4.He is optimistic _(对现时信息产业的发展状况).5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and _(服务于经济发展的进程).1. another common point between the
2、 people of our two countries解析:本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词,但是共同点是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果,所以增补 between之后,符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教书为业。(She is a teacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(Ive had second thought on that matter.)2. were widely read in English-speaking countries解析:若是按照字面翻译,这句话很可能被译为w
3、ere widely read in English countries。但是原文中英语国家的含义是讲英语的国家。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译:我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV. 这句译文错误在于,没弄清彩电的含义。彩电有两层意思:一是指具体的实物,即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视color TV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器,具体的实物。3. and so does reform解析:本题意为:革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。考点有二:第一,考查词性转移。原文中解放用作动词,生产力作宾语。译文中处理成名词
4、短语 对生产力的解放。第二,考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces,这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复,可以选用and so does.来代替这个动宾结构。4. about the present development of information industry解析:对.表示乐观可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of information ind
5、ustry。状况是一个范畴词,没有实际含义,可省略不译。5. serve the economic development解析:服务于.即为.服务,所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构,不能译成be served to。进程也是一个范畴词,可以省略不译。另外,be subordinated to是一个固定结构,含义是从属于.,隶属于.。1._ (直到失去健康) that people know the value of health.2.The bag was stuffed_( 脏衣服)3._ (很多朋友不在), we decided to put the meeting off.4
6、._ (给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor.5.There engines are_ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) .1. It is not until they lose it大家对not until/until的用法掌握比较好,不过比较少人用it来替代下文的health,答案的替代比较简洁,翻译中应该避免重复使用同一个词。2.with dirty clothes这里主要是考察be stuffed with (被填满)的用法,这是一个四级单词,是搭配问题。3.With many friends absent这里主要是考察对a
7、bsent adj./vi./absence n.缺席的各种表达,如果按照原文“不在”翻译,显然比较生硬且与下文不符,因此要善于根据上下文推断原文意思。4.What impressed me the most名词性从句what impressed me the most,有部分沪友遗漏了其中的“the”,表示最高级一般都要使用定贯词the,如the largest、the hardest等。5. less powerful than the ones we have made很多人都用比较级,可是却忽略了比较级是用在形容词/副词上的,如faster、bigger、more beautiful等
8、。因此这里应该用power的形容词powerful,另要强调机器是我们制造的-we have made. 1. It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同).2. _(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic,which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.3. We must _(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).4. We _(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.5. To most
9、 of the travelers,_(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.1. We sign the contract by the end of the month解析:当表示愿望,要求,命令等含义的形容词如 advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting, imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary, obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,
10、strange,surprising,urgent,vital 出现在形式主语句中时,从句要用虚拟语气。签订合同英语固定说法是sign the contract。在月底前要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。2. Whether a large family is good or not解析:如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing,这并没有语法错误,但不符合英语表达习惯。家庭人口多好还是少好可以理解为:家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?
11、所以这里我们可以采用反译法,将还是人口少好转移为汉语意思为(人口多是好)还是不好的英文表达-or not,使译文简洁明了,避免罗嗦。3. help them in every way possible解析:本题最有可能出现的译文是:use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错,但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里,通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后,所以可得出译文:help them in every possible way。原句可能出现在被修饰语办法之前。根据英文习惯,可能的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后,所以有了最终译文:help
12、 them in every way possible。4. ate to our hearts content解析:本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译一顿这个量词。其实,一顿是汉语特有的量词表达,是对吃这个动作的补充说明。在那家新餐馆吃就暗含了吃了一顿的含义。英语里没有一顿的对应词。一般来说,可以不译,不影响全句意思的表达。尽情地是个固定搭配,可译成:to ones hearts content或to the top of ones bent。5. food,clothing,shelter,and transportation解析:本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语
13、时不需要变换位置。如:日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序,如:新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);贫富(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序。1. _ (为了维护健康),there are at least three things we can do every day.2. _(他大概知道他要做什么),but nothing specific.3. We need to live
14、 a regular life. That is,_(我们要早睡早起,戒除烟酒).4. Could you _(给我介绍一本关于物理方面的好书)?5. In addition, we should not _(忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会).1. To keep healthy解析:本句意为:为了维护健康,我们每天至少可做三件事。英文里不能将两个或两个以上的简单句糅杂在一句话中。句子需填入部分在全句里充当的成分是目的状语。维护健康是未来要去做的事情,是努力的方向,应说成To keep healthy,也可以用In order to keep healthy来表示目的。2. He has
15、some vague ideas about what to do解析:他大概知道他要做什么言下之意是:他其实并不清楚要做什么。于是有考生会误译成He has some unclear ideas about what to do. 本题考查选词。unclear是指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂、不能肯定的。而由nothing specific可知,他的想法很多,很混乱,不能形成一个确定的、清晰的计划。所以用vague更准确。vague是指含混不清的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清,言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚。如:a vague idea(模糊的想法);He was a little
16、vague when I asked what had happened.(我问他出了什么事时,他一无所知。)3. we keep good hours and restrain smoking and drinking解析:早睡早起不能按照字面直译成sleep and get up early。这样的翻译就Chinglish了,老外理解不了。我们需要运用意译法。早睡早起的含义就是要有一个合理、规则的作息时间,英文说成keep good hours。另外表示戒除的词有:restrain,refrain,stop等。refrain是一个不及物动词,后面不能直接加上宾语 smoking and d
17、rinking,必须用及物动词短语refrain from来表示,当然也可以选择restrain或stop或deny oneself to。4. recommend me a good book on Physics解析:这里的介绍不能照着字面理解翻译成常见的introduce。作介绍讲时是用于人们相遇时进行的介绍;引见;使互相认识。这句话中的介绍是要请别人给推荐一本书,因此要选用recommend作为介绍的对应词。同样,翻译他向我们介绍了一些教学经验这句话时,也不能使用 introduce。应该译作He told us something about his experience in te
18、aching. 考生要注意,汉译英是一定要首先理解汉语的实际语义,才能避免英语选词错误。5. neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society解析:本题考点有:ignore与neglect的辨析,宾语从句的运用和形容词温馨的表达。ignore也有忽视的意思,但它是指故意忽略某人的存在,不予理睬。如:I tried to tell her but she ignored me.(我打算告诉她,可是她不理睬我。)She saw him coming but she ignored him.(她看见他走过来,但装作没看到他。)ne
19、glect强调疏忽、忽略某个事实,如:neglect their warnings(不顾他们的警告)。本句从含义上讲用neglect更贴切。原句需填补部分是一个从句,neglect可以加that再加从句。 warm有温暖、激烈、热烈、兴奋的意思,但表达温馨不合适;而friendly除了表示友好的、友谊的,也可以指气氛温馨。 例1 _(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.译文:You will be shown our new workshop.简评:如果这句话不是划线填内容,你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new w
20、orkshop。正是因为题型是补全句子,这就给翻译带来了一定的难度,你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分:by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征,“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以,题目是暗示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里的主语,这样才符合出题要求。例2 You _(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.译文:are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.简评:根据题目可推知全句意思是:我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、
21、宾语分别是:我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头,也就是说“你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动”。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语,这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是:You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.2)当汉语句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时,在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译,并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有 know,see,find,say,suppose,estimate,report,suggest,
22、stress,consider, expect,admit,point,understand 等动词。例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。译文:If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.简评:这句话是一个条件从句。即:在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下,这个电子带正电荷。“我们就说这个原子带正电荷”可理解为“这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷”。那么根据前面所说的原则,我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语“我们”省略不译,
23、并使用被动语态。从这个例子里我们还可以看出,在科技文章中,根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态,以强调事物的客观性。例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。译文:All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.简评:这句话可以按原文译成主动态,即:People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言,被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施
24、已经付诸实施,all kinds of measures得到强调,而主动态译法只是平铺直叙,重点不突出。此外,汉语句子中有“据说”、“据了解”、“据报道”、“据估计”、“据传言”等词语时,可以酌情译成相应的英语被动句,如:It is supposed that(据推测),It is said that(据说),It is estimated that(据估计),It is calculated that(预计),It is reported that(据报道),It is suggested that(有人建议),It is stressed that(有人强调),It is thought
25、that(有人认为),It is considered that(有人认为),It is expected that(据期望),It is well known that(众所周知),It must be admitted that(必须承认),It must be pointed out that(必须指出),It is understood that(谁都知道),It may be safety said that(可以有把握地说)等。例5 据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源。译文:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.例6 众所
26、周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成。译文:It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors.1. He is _ (他与其说是个学者)as a writer.2. The parents should also set the kids free _ (以便他们自己做选择).3. Some freshmen _(打定主意)to pursue a masters degree after undergraduate studies.4. So it is essential for the student
27、s _(深入社会实践)in order to learn something that they cant get in class.5.In order to improve the competence of state-run enterprises,the central government _(已经实行了一系列改革),among which is cutting down the staff.1. not so much a scholar解析:本句意为:与其说他是个学者不如说是个作家。考查的是与其.倒不如.的句型。句中所给部分已有as,所以最好用 not so much.as.。
28、如:In many cases,nursing is not so much a job as a way of life.(在许多情况下,护理与其说是是一件工作倒不如说是一种生活方式。)2. to make their own choices解析:考查目的状语以便的英文表达,正确答案可以是:in order to/to/so as to+动词,也可以用in order/so+that从句。具体要根据字数要求定。3. make up their minds解析:本句意为:许多大一新生打定主意要在本科毕业后继续争取硕士学位。打定主意、决定下来可选用:make up ones mind to do
29、,be determined to do,decide to do。题中pursue表示坚持不懈地追求,如:She pursued the study of English for five years.(她持续不断地学了五年英语。)4. to participate in social practice解析:本句意为:对学生而言,有必要深入社会实践,从而学到课堂上学不到的东西。深入事实上是指学生要参与社会实践,因此确切译法是to participate,社会实践可译成social practice或social activity。5. has implemented a series of
30、reforms解析:本句意为:为了提高国有企业的竞争力,政府已经实行了一系列改革,其中一项是裁员。这里大家要记住国有企业的表达,而外资企业应译为 oversea-funded enterprise或foreign-based company。实行可选用implement,carry out,由于是一系列改革,因此reform要用复数形式。另外已经暗示句子应该用完成时态。 07.687. The finding of this study failed to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领
31、域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛).90. To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).详解87. take peoples sleep quality into account/ consideration本题重点考查take sth into account这个短语。88. the field (where) we c
32、an cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate本题考查定语从句,而先行词作为前置宾语,后面引导的从句需要前置的介词。89. decided to quit the match本题考查对时态的判断能力90. contact us at the following address常见的祈使句表达91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience本题考查词组at ones convenience.06.1287. Specialists in intercultural studies sa
33、y that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).89. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).91. The nations population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度).详解:87. adapt onese
34、lf to the life/living in different cultures本题考查adapt oneself to这个短语,这里to是介词,后面接名词或动名词。88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading本题考查比较结构,另外就是从句的时态。一般来说,当写作目的是叙述时,使用过去时;若表达的内容是议论或常识、真理时,用现在时。89. would have had a chance to survive/of survival本题考查与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本用法。90. might feel lonely when they a
35、re away from home.本题考查虚拟语气中的建议句式。91. at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million考点之一是短语at a speed of,其二是数字1200万人的表达。 06.687.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_ (找到去历史博物馆的路).88. (为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89. The
36、 professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂).91.Though a skilled worker, ( 他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.详解:87. (in) finding the way to the history museum本题考查对句型have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.的掌握88. In order to finance my education本题考查对不定式作目的状语
37、的掌握。不 定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。in order to 或 so as to 可以 使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义,但so as to 一般 不用在句首。表示“挣钱”还可以用 raise money 或support。89. we (should) hand in our research report 本题考查的是表示建议的句型require that sb. (should) do sth.的掌握。90. the more confused I am本题考查对句型the more, the more的掌握,表示“越,越” 。第二个 mo
38、re作的是副词,意为“更” ,后跟形容词的比较级。结构“the+形容词比较级+s+v,the+形容词比较级+s+v” ,比较级后主谓结构不倒装。91. he was fired by the company 本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。当让步状语从句由连词although或though引导时,意为“虽然,尽管” ,主句不能用 but。由“他被公司解雇”可知,主句应该用被动式,又根据 last week可以判断句子的时态应该用一般过去时。 表示 “解雇” 还可以用discharge和dismiss。第四节 强化训练1. The substance does not dissolve in wa
39、ter _(不管是否加热).2. Not only _(他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _ (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.5. By contrast, Americans mothers were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.6.
40、 Today, _(随着生活节奏的加快), people usually do not have as much time to write letters as before.7. With the rise in population, the traffic in cities _ (日益拥挤).8. Opportunity often _(起重要作用) ones choice of a career.9. It is easier to _(染上坏习惯) than to get into good ones.10. However troublesome the problem is,
41、 _(他都耐心地去面对).11. _(如果天气允许的话), the picnic will be held as scheduled.12. _(尽管发了洪水), the ship had reached its destination on time.13. He concluded his speech with a remark that _(失败乃成功之母).14. She never laughed, _(也从未发过脾气).15. We advised them to take a rest, _ _(可是他们要坚持完成这项工作).16. They asked so many que
42、stions that _(把我给弄糊涂了).17. _(医生告诉他不要吸烟), Mr. Smith carried neither matches nor cigarettes.18. On entering another country, _(游客必须通过海关)。19. It has been suggested _ (经常看电视的人可能会变得过分消极). 1. _ (我们确定搞两个开放):namely, to open up both externally and internally.2. _ (不用说)that hes been there before.3. _ (真想不到)th
43、at he had done a thing like that.4.Premier Zhou _(一心想着人民的利益).5. _(她非常不情愿地)that she agreed to help.1. We have decided on an open policy in two respects解析:本题考查了语序的调整。“两个开放”在原句中充当宾语,但是英语却不能说two opens,只能理解成“在两个方面实行开放政策”。因此,“搞两个开放”应处理成“动词+宾语+状语”的结构。另外,“搞”字在英语中没有一个绝对的对等词,而且“搞”在汉语是一个动词,经常带一些宾语、状语、补语,这些成分和“
44、搞”字一起传情达意。读者在英译的时候应注意对“搞”字的准确翻译。如:你到底在搞什么?What the hell are you doing?大量的数学作业搞得我头昏脑胀。A great number of math exercises make my head swim.你最好耐心一些,否则会把事情搞僵了。Youd better be patient, or you might bring things to a deadlock.这兄弟俩看起来很像,别把他们搞错了。The two brothers are very much alike. Dont mistake one for another.他思路搞通了,精神也就愉快了。Once he straighten