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1、陕西师范大学2012级免费师范教育硕士英语试题注意事项:一、 本试题共10页，满分100分。答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。二、 做选择题时，将所选答案书写在答题纸对应题号后的（ ）三、 中英文尽可能做到字迹清晰、书写工整、疏密相间均匀、字体大小适当。四、 英文作文必须逐行书写不得隔行或跳行。Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C
2、and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy. _ I think I am happier during the real busy times: no time to think about how bored I am.A. On balanceB. In additionC. FurthermoreD. Aside from2. We are all in favor
3、of your proposal that the meeting _.A. is called off B. should call off C. is to be called off D. be called off3. _, I walked my dear father.A. Exhausted and hungry B. Having been exhausted and hungryC. Being exhausted and hungry D. To be exhausted and hungry4. I stood still, trying to _ a plausible
4、 excuse.A. createB. produceC. inventD. design5. A new technique _ out, the output as a whole increased by 15 percent.A. working B. having worked C. having been worked D to have been worked6. She thinks its time we _ free school meals.A. did forB. did withC. did withoutD. did away with7. He never reg
5、retted paying 300 Yuan for the bookcase. As a matter of fact he would gladly have paid _ for it.A. as much twice B. twice as much C. much as twice D as twice much8. He was attending a meeting, _ come to your birthday party then.A. unless he would have B. or he would C. nevertheless he did not D or h
6、e would have9. He _ the job _ because it involved too much traveling.A. turneddown B. turnedaway C. turned off D turnedover10. They have made changes in their plans for a new science park as you .A. suggested B. have suggestedC. had suggested D. suggest11In some areas of northwest China, intensive f
7、arming has brought about severe_ of the land, which accounted for poor harvest in recent years. A. deforestation B. dejection C. delectation D degeneration12The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always_ the scientists time-keeping methods. A. at the mercy of B. in accordance wi
8、th C. under the guidance of D. by means of13Manufacturers raised the price of this product to _ the increased cost of material.A. write off B. offset C. make for D. abstain from14Among other things was the discussion to reach a_ trade agreement between the two countries. A. reciprocal B. merged C. m
9、arketable D. mature15Nowadays more Chinese would like to hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the_ costs. They find it more enjoyable and physically less demanding. A. hyperbolic B. inexorable C. exorbitant D. protean16. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on Decem
10、ber 25th _the birth of Jesus Christ.A. in accordance with B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of17. The _ to overthrow the revolutionary regime was unearthed and promptly smashed. A. conspiracy B. trick C. intrigue D. plot18. In the last couple of days, a number of areas in China were hit by h
11、eavy snowfalls, powerful winds or suffocating sandstorms. The extremely bad weather has _ the transportation system in the areas.A. constrained B. cussed C. crippled D. chucked 19. My father is researching the spread of AIDs. And he is _ in his presentation of experiments.A. relevant B. sacred C. pr
12、otean D. meticulous20. Mr. John made a very wonderful after-dinner speech. His _ mind, graceful manner and fluent words moved all the participants deeply.A. awesome B. articulate C. agile D. arbitraryPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is fo
13、llowed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneWhen your parents advise you to get an education in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is
14、 to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you ca
15、n successfully dropout in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn
16、 more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24000 while the full professors managed to earn just $23030. A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to
17、 industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political
18、science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. T
19、hey may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of
20、a profit on you.21. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.A. will not be a disgrace to society B. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselves D. can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower22. Many Ph.D.s are out of job becaus
21、e _.A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money23. The nation is only interested in people _.A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable
22、to the gross national productD. both A and C24. Which of the following is not true?_ A. Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated,
23、 youll be overeducated for societys demands.25. The writer sees education as _.A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden ones horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyo
24、ne should havePassage TwoIn the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready
25、to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil the basic ingredients of industrial growth were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor. One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The rail
26、way network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spiders web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only
27、by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal. Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always wit
28、h an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the us
29、e of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe. The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced b
30、y farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part form Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy
31、still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market”.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The history of railroads in the United States.B. The major United States industrial centers
32、.C. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States.D. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century.27. The word “ingredients” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A. minerals B. products C. methods D. components28. According to the passage, all of the following were t
33、rue of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that _.A. they connected important industrial citiesB. they were necessary to the industrialization processC. they were expanded in a short timeD. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources29. According to the pas
34、sage, what was one effect of the improvement of machine tools?A. Lower manufacturing costs.B. Better distribution of goods.C. More efficient transportation of natural resources.D. A reduction in industrial jobs.30. Which of the following is NOT true of the United States farmers in the nineteenth cen
35、tury?A. They lost some jobs because of mechanization.B. They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.C. They raised their productivity by using new machinery.D. They sold food to European countries.Passage ThreeSince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning t
36、ools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.A
37、s a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechan
38、ical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greate
39、r precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves - goals that pose a real challenge. “While
40、 we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spe
41、ll of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model
42、thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment
43、. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach t
44、hat kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.31. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _.A. the use of machines to produce science fictionB. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryC. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workD. the elite
45、s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work32. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means_.A. programs B. experts C. devices D. creatures33. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can _.A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain sur
46、geryB. interact with human beings verballyC. have a little common senseD. respond independently to a changing world34 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_.A. make a few decisions for themselvesB. deal with some errors with human interventionC. improve factory environmentsD. cultivate human creativity35. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_.A.