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1、 I dont know where the post office is. object clause 宾语从句宾语从句2. Did she tell us how we should do the work?object clause 宾语从句宾语从句3. My dream is that one day there is no generation gap between our mums and us.predicative clause 表语从句表语从句1. A tree has fallen across the road.2. You are a student.3. To fi
2、nd your way can be a problem.4. Smoking is harmful.5. What she said is known.6. That we shall be late is certain.7. It is certain that we shall be late.Revision Find the subjects in the following sentences.主语从句主语从句在句中在句中充当主语的从句充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。叫做主语从句。1That he will come is certain.2Whether it will pleas
3、e them is not easy to say.3Why he did it remains a mystery.4Which side will win is not clear.5What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Find the subject clauses in the following sentences, and translate them.思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？6When they will start is not
4、known yet.7How he became a great scientist is known to us all.8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.10Where she is from is unknown.引导主语从句的关联词引导主语从句的关联词: :从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what, who, whom, whose, which, w
5、h+everthat, whether, when, where, how, why宾语从句考点：宾语从句考点：1. 引导词引导词2. 谓语动词单复数谓语动词单复数3. It作形式主语作形式主语1. is certain.（我们将迟到了）（我们将迟到了）2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. is a pity(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance二二.whether 是否，表不确定的事情是否，表不确定的事情.1.引导词引导词That we will be lat
6、e hurts him so much.（她离开他（她离开他 ）一一.that -只起引导作用，不充当成分，无词义，但不能省略。只起引导作用，不充当成分，无词义，但不能省略。That she left him is not easy to say(他是否会来这）他是否会来这）Whether he will come here( If he will come here. . ) is more practice.(我们所需要的）我们所需要的）what 在从句中作宾语 is under discussion.When 在从句中作状语What we needWhen we will begin t
7、he meeting主语从句在句首只能用主语从句在句首只能用whether三三.其他疑问词（其他疑问词（who(ever), whose,which(ever), what(ever)，when, where）(我们何时开会）我们何时开会）做成分（主、宾、表、定）做成分（主、宾、表、定）依据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓所谓“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。系。如果句子中缺如果句子中缺主语主语，指人用，指人用who，指物用，指物用what；如缺如缺宾语宾语，指人用，指人用whom，指物用，指物用what；如缺如缺时间状语时
8、间状语用用when；地点状语地点状语用用where；原因状语原因状语用用why；方式状语方式状语用用how；定语定语用用whose；什么都不缺什么都不缺用用that。Who will host the meeting hasnt been decided. What you said just now is not true.Whoever he is doesnt matter.Whose car runs faster is obvious. 主主宾宾表表定定Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why,
9、 how or that.1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meeting) is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is know
10、n to us all.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThat6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.WhyConclusion:翻译练习翻译练习1.(谁将去见他谁将去见他)_ is not decided.2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)_ _is not clear so far.3.(他能否买到飞机票他能否买到飞机票)_ doesnt matter much.4.(我们如何去那里我们如何去那里)_ is a question.5.(你刚才告
11、诉我的你刚才告诉我的)_ was really a surprise.6.(他什么时候出国他什么时候出国)_ is being discussed7.(他为什么哭他为什么哭)_ is not clear.Who will meet himwhich class will win the football game Whether he can get the plane ticket How we will go there What you told me just now When he will go abroad Why he is cryingConclusion: 2.主语从句中的
12、主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用主句的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数表语的单复数决定决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.isareis When well have the meeting and where well have dinner not been decided yet. （我
13、们什么时候开会和去哪里吃饭还没决定（我们什么时候开会和去哪里吃饭还没决定 ) ) have2. _ they can solve the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. Th
14、at D. It1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What B. That C. When D. / 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the we
15、ather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever.It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not. 主语从句主语从句形式主语形式主语Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.真正主语真正主语引导主语从句在引导主语从句在句首句首只能用只能用whether,但有但有it作形式主语的作形式主语的whether/if都可以都可以.C
16、onclusion:ifIf注意：注意：3. it作形式主语作形式主语That we shall be late is certain.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.-It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.- Its certain that we shall be late.It is +adj/n that(strange/a p
17、ity)It is + v ed that.(said/reported.) 为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长, ,句子句子“头重脚轻头重脚轻”, ,经常用经常用itit作作形式主语形式主语, ,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. .It +vi that(happen)这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is com
18、mon knowledge that 众所周知众所周知,*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match. 很遗憾我们输了比赛。很遗憾我们输了比赛。*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important st
19、range natural +that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.很明显这个措施有效。很明显这个措施有效。*It is strange that we should lose the game.+(should) +doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that表示表示理应如此，惊奇理应如此，惊奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜等等3) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to
20、 sb. that 某人突然想起某人突然想起*_I came into the office at that time. 碰巧我当时走进办公室。碰巧我当时走进办公室。*_I forget to sent the letter. 我突然想起我忘记去送信了。我突然想起我忘记去送信了。It happened thatIt occurred to me that4) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that. 据说据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道据报道 It is believ
21、ed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is su
22、ggested thatWhat you left at school are two old books.What you said to him is of great importance.3.主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般一般不能省不能省。4.“主语从句作主语时，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式谓语动词一般用单数形式。What引导的主语从句，可根据引导的主语从句，可根据表语表语决定决定主语从句需注意的问题主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用主语从句中用陈述语序陈述语序Whether hell come here is not clear. That the earth
23、 is round is a widely accepted fact. 5.有时为了使句子有时为了使句子结构平衡结构平衡, 避免避免 “头重脚轻头重脚轻”, 常用常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语,而把从句放在后面而把从句放在后面. 4种句型种句型注注 意：意：1.引导主语从句在引导主语从句在句首句首只能用只能用 “whether”引导，引导， 有有it作形式主语的作形式主语的whether/if都可以都可以.。常用句型如下：常用句型如下：It+ be +名词名词+ that 从句从句It+ be + 形容词形容词+ that从句从句It+ be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ that从
24、句从句It+ be + 不及物动词不及物动词+ that从句从句【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。句首时不能省略。Whetherif, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可
25、以引导导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。3. That the professor said is of great importance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。5. No matter who bre
26、aks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remains7. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.在在“It is requested /c
27、ommanded/insisted/ ordered / suggested/advised + that从句从句”中，从中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原形动词原形”，should可省略。可省略。(should) makePick up a number Correct or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用主语从句的谓语用单数单数形式形式 10 the cat
28、domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMake a sentence301.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether10talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30
29、* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will. decided yet.Pay attention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if10Translate the sentence*It is known to us_(马克马克.吐温怎样成吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家为一位伟大的作家). how Mark Twain became a great writer20report , get the hig
30、hest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！在使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，从句的谓语要用句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形的形式式It is important that we should finish.*It is important t
31、hat we will finish the work on time. 10 Correct or not?Pay attention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用作成分的故用作成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held . 10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he will
32、 give up*He will give up his job surprises all of us.10Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席会议）（她是否出席会议）is not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting20It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，
33、并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the mat
34、ter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My advice is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My advice is that we (s
35、hould) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question
36、is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情
37、况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ：（1 1）位于句子开头；）位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词）前面有介词; ;（3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or notor not连用。连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybo
38、dy considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置。而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether wi
39、ll she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To
40、 get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can
41、I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he
42、gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _
43、the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing
44、 is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B.
45、That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. Th
46、at D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do
47、 _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they
48、 were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 1. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江浙江 2008)A. Anyo
49、neB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who2. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国全国卷卷) WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which3. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (上海上海 2002春春)A. WhatB. That C. ThisD. Which4. _ well go camping tomorrow dep
50、ends on the weather. (NMET 1996)A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004上海上海) A. where B. what C. that D. how解析解析: what 引导主语从句引导主语从句, 在从句中在从句中做做do 的宾语的宾语6. The other day, my brother drove his car down the