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1、一一 高考考试大纲要求高考考试大纲要求 考试说明考试说明 对该题型对该题型命题的目的表述为命题的目的表述为“主要主要考查考生对文章考查考生对文章整体内容、整体内容、结构结构以及上下文以及上下文逻辑意义逻辑意义的理解和掌握的理解和掌握.二二 考查方式考查方式句段篇注释句（上下文逻辑）过渡句（文章结构）主旨句（文章整体内容） 设题位置设题位置 年份年份(小小) 标标 题题 段首段首 段中段中 段末段末2013 3 22014 1 4 2015 2 3 Building Trust in a Relationship Again(2015全国卷)Trust is a learned behavior
2、 that we gain from past experiences, 36 .That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from
3、, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37 .Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help
4、 you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our t
5、rust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to all
6、ow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge
7、 carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.step 1 Lead-inAnswers: BEACG Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 .That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a l
8、ack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.B. It is putting confidence in someone. Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different leve
9、ls of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37 .Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. 38 Having confidence in your
10、self will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, w
11、ell have our trust tested or violated.A. Learn to really trust yourself. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of
12、 the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgivenessG. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.解题思路：解题思路： Step 2 Exploration解题思路：解题思路：一 看位置是小标题，是段首段尾题，是小标题，是段首段尾题，还是段中题还是段中题Self Expr
13、ession_There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas - music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. And we cant forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materi
14、als in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? E. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 段首段首主题句主题句 Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach .Focus on positives . _ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going
15、 to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.So trying to force a set of rules into it will just make things worse. A. You arent like anybody else B. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rul
16、es about dos and dontsE. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough小标题小标题主旨大意主旨大意形式统一形式统一 Nowadays in China, parents care about their childrens education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have
17、 their children sent to after-class schools._.A. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.B. Skills and knowledge means competition.C. Skills and knowledge doesnt mean all.段尾段尾总结概括总结概括One of the benefits of history is reading how other people both famous and to
18、tally unknown have overcome tremendous challenges in their life.These challenges,although particular to a person or to a certain time in the past, all convey the same thing._.Take for example the story of Thomas Edison. He encountered many failures on the road to finally inventing the light bulb.He
19、could be held out as an example of a person who never gave up.A. History has a lot of influence on usB. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseveranceC. Few of us knew about the challenges he had to overcomeD. History has some unique qualities about itE. Only those with courage to face ch
20、allenges can succeed段尾段尾承上启下承上启下解题策略：(一)读懂段意定两头-段首段尾题1. 小标题 短小精悍,形式统一 （多为名词性短语、祈使句）2. 挖空在段首，常是主题句3. 挖空在段尾，常是结论句或起承上启下的作用。解题思路：解题思路：二 找词汇锁定选项与文中相关信息的词锁定选项与文中相关信息的词 Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware ofwhats happening around them. They can seem forgetful andclumsy._They annoy us becau
21、se they seem to beignoring us and missing the important things.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.D. Daydreams are often very simp
22、le and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.代词衔接代词衔接 Consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed tobecome American President even though he suffered manysetbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize thesuccess of his becoming President._His life was not an
23、easy one. His story is one that motivates us to keep movingforward whatever obstacles we have in life.A. History has a lot of influence on usB. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseveranceC. Few of us knew about the challenges he had to overcomeD. History has some unique qualities about
24、 itE. Only those with courage to face challenges can succeed Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can._. And it will make you happy and confident.A.Get rid of fear.B.Do something different.C.In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding.D.The high voice can help you become more
25、confident.E.Give yourself praise for the good things youve done.原词复现原词复现 You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. _. Your training course should help you bring out yourpersonality, not try t
26、o turn you into someone youre not.A. You arent like anybody elseB. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rulesD. Check the rules about dos and dontsE. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is toughF .The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleepG. So trying to
27、 force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 相同语义相同语义关关键键词词衔衔接接同义近义词同义近义词代词代词词词汇汇线线索索?解题策略： (二) 细辨关系定中间-段中题解题思路：解题思路：三 思逻辑思考选项与文中信息是否符合思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑行文逻辑 Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. _.Ideas about social cla
28、ss whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.A. Nowadays, a great deal has changed.B. As a result, differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence.CIn some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where a
29、ttitudes are concernedD. Such changes could be apparent in the whole society. 转折对比关系：转折对比关系：but, however, yet ,while, instead, on the contrary, nevertheless,etc. 转折对比关系转折对比关系Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area ofthe brain that helps you form memories and physical activ
30、itycan help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain._. A. This can be especially harmful to the aged. B. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading . C. In other words ,when you take care of your body ,you take care of your bra
31、in . D. Focus on the future.解释例证关系解释例证关系解释例证关系：解释例证关系： for example for instance in fact actually as a matter of fact in other words that is to say, etc It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her o
32、ut and finally you may lose your friend. _ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.A. Making new friends comes easy for some people.B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touchC. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.因果关系因果关系 : so /therefore ,thus ,conse
33、quently as a result (of), etc因果关系因果关系关关键键词词衔衔接接同义近义词同义近义词代词代词？词词汇汇线线索索逻逻辑辑关关系系逻辑关系主要包括：逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系并列关系 递进关系递进关系 因果关系因果关系 转折对比关系和解释例证关系转折对比关系和解释例证关系解题策略： (二) 细辨关系定中间-段中题连接词连接词解题策略解题策略设空位置设空位置段落小标题段落小标题概括性短语概括性短语段首段首主题句主题句段中段中过渡句过渡句段尾段尾总结概括句总结概括句词汇对应词汇对应相同相同/相近语义对应相近语义对应代词对应代词对应句际关系句际关系并列递进并列递进转折对比转
34、折对比顺序因果顺序因果解释例证解释例证 step 3 Summary 1.看标题副标题标题副标题，预测预测文章大意大意 2.看选项选项 ，找出和文章相对应的关键词关键词 3.看空前空后，分析句子之间的逻辑关系和衔接手段逻辑关系和衔接手段： 词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接 4.灵活掌握答题顺序：先易后难先易后难 5.代入答案，重点核查核查逻辑关系。解题步骤：解题步骤： Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The wo
35、rd business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit-that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service
36、providers. 72 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction,and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and and supplies, and acco
37、unting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管监管)and guidance by the management in authority. 75 step 4 ConsolidationA. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set
38、 standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costsE.
39、 The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G Planning in business management has three main aspects.Answers: DCGEA Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods a
40、nd services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润) -that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs ofoperating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are p
41、rimarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social services agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs .HoweverExamples代词衔接代词衔接解释例证关系解释例证关系转折对比关系转折对比关系 Business managemen
42、t is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction,and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to th
43、e establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority. 75 A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.E. The second aspect relates to the app
44、lication of these policies by departments.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.planning directioncontrol原词复现原词复现并列关系并列关系 So far, educationists have still failed to design anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. Some people say examinations test what you know. 71
45、.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skills of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and talent. 72 . Then what is a good education? 73 .The examination system does anything but that. The student is encouraged to memorize. E
46、xaminations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge. Meanwhile, they lower the standards of teaching. 74 .Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they onl
47、y train their students in exam techniques. Are there any simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities? 75 .Educationists, of course, should take the responsibility to face the challenge and come up with wise solutions.step 5 Homework策略只是技巧，理解才是关键策略只是技巧，理解才是关键词汇是基础词汇是基础 Enlar
48、ge your vocabulary !THANKS FOR YOURTHANKS FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCEA. The answer is absolutely yes.B. In a word, its not a good education.C. Your whole future may be decided on one fateful day.D. Because they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.E. However, it is common knowledge that they more
49、often do the exact opposite.F. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.G. Examiners are only human: they get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Answers: EBFDA So far, educationists have still failed to design anything more efficient and reliable than examinatio
50、ns. Some people say examinations test what you know. 71 .They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skills of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and talent. 72 . Then what is a good education? B. In a word, its not a good educat