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1、Classified Index：Confidential (yes/no)： noCode： 10224 No. 160810705Dissertation for the Master DegreeResearch on Financial Poverty Alleviationin Heilongjiang Province from thePerspective of Inclusive FinanceCandidate: Zhang Yingying Supervisor: Prof. Xin Liqiu Degree Category: Master of Economics Co
2、llege: School of Economic & Management First level discipline: Applied Economics Second level discipline: FinanceHarbin ChinaJune 2019目录目录mmI紋主艘m1弓丨胃1l.i研宄背景11.2研宄目的和意义21.2.1研宄g白勺21.2.2研宄意义21.3国内外研宄综述31.3.1国外相关研宄31.3.2国内相关研宄51.3.3国内外研宄评述71.4研宄内容和研宄方法81.4.1研究内容81.4.2研究方法和技术路线82概念界定及相关理论112.1概念界定112.1
3、.1贫困与扶贫112.1.2金融扶贫112.1.3普惠金融122.2理论基础132.2.1马尔萨斯“人口论” 132.2.2不平衡增长理论132.2.3金融排斥论132.2.4普惠金融论142.3普惠金融视角下金融扶贫的作用机理152.3.1直接作用机制162.3.2间接作用机制162.4本章小结173黑龙江省贫困及金融发展现状183.1黑龙江省贫困现状183.1.1黑龙江省贫困规模183.1.2黑龙江省贫困的主要特征193.1.3黑龙江省贫困水平的测度19I东北农业大学经济学硕士学位论文3.2普惠金融视角下黑龙江省金融发展现状203.2.1黑龙江省银行业规模概况203.2.2黑龙江省金融机构
4、存贷款情况233.2.3黑龙江省征信和支付体制建设243.2.4黑龙江省普惠金融发展水平分析243.3本章小结274黑龙江省金融扶贫现状及存在的问题284.1黑龙江省金融扶贫现状284.1.1政府的扶贫政策284.1.2金融机构的扶贫措施294.2普惠金融视角下黑龙江省金融扶贫存在的问题304.2.1普惠金融发展难以满足扶贫需求304.2.2贫困地区自身因素抑制普惠金融扶贫314.2.3金融机构服务贫困群体意愿不强334.2.4政府扶贫配套制度有待完善334.3本章小结345普惠金融视角下黑龙江省金融扶贫的实证分析355.1线性回归模型355.1.1指标选取355.1.2协整检验355.2向量
5、自回归模型的设定365.2.1模型中各变量的平稳性检验365.2.2最优滞后阶数确定375.2.3 Var系统稳定性检验375.3普惠金融发展与贫困水平的关系研宄385.3.1贫困水平对普惠金融发展的脉冲响应分析385.3.2普惠金融发展及贫困水平的方差分解分析395.4实证结果分析415.5本章小结416促进黑龙江省金融扶贫的对策建议426.1完善普惠金融体系建设426.1.1创新金融服务提高普惠金融可得性426.1.2拓宽服务网点覆盖面增强普惠金融渗透性426.1.3完善农村信用体制建设436.1.4规范非正规金融发展436.1.5提升金融机构服务理念44目录6.2推进普惠金融和产业扶贫模
6、式相结合446.3发挥小微企业盘活实体经济作用446.4构建农地开发新体制456.5政府进行政策引导456.5.1完善农村基础性体制建设456.5.2增强贫困识别精准性466.6本章小结46747麵4850攻读硕士学位期间发表的学术论文53IIICONTENTSCONTENTSAbstract in ChineseIAbstract in EnglishIll1 Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Purpose and Significance of Research21.2.1 Research Purpose21.2.2 Research S
7、ignificance21.3 Review of Domestic and Foreign31.3.1 Review of Foreign Studies31.3.2 Review of Domestic Studies51.3.3 Review of Domestic and Foreign Study71.4 Research Content and Method81.4.1 Research Content81.4.2 Research Method and Technology Roadmap82 Conception Definitions and Theories112.1 Co
8、ncept and Theoretical Basis of Inclusive Finance112.1.1 Poverty and Poverty Alleviation112.1.2 Financial Poverty Alleviation112.1.3 Inclusive Finance122.2 Theoretical basis132.2.1 Malthus Theory of Population 132.2.2 Unbalanced Growth Theory132.2.3 Financial Exclusion Theory142.2.4 The Theory of Inc
9、lusive Finance142.3 Analysis on the Action Mechanism of Inclusive Finance for Poverty Alleviation152.3.1 Direct Action Mechanism162.3.2 Indirect Action Mechanism162.4 Chapter Summary173 Poverty and Financial Development in Heilongjiang Province183.1 Poverty Status of Heilongjiang Province183.1.1 Sca
10、le of Poverty in Heilongjiang Province183.1.2 Main Characteristics of Poverty in Heilongjiang Province193.1.3 Measurement of Poverty Level in Heilongjiang Province19V东北农业大学经济学硕士学位论文3.2 Current Situation of Financial Development in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspectiveof Inclusive Finance203.2.1
11、 Overview of the Scale of Banking Industry in Heilongjiang Province203.2.2 Deposits and Loans of Financial Institutions in Heilongjiang Province233.2.3 Credit Investigation and Payment System Construction in Heilongjiang Province243.2.4 Development Measures of Inclusive Finance in Heilongjiang Provi
12、nce243.3 Chapter Summary274 Current Situation and Existing Problems of Financial Poverty Alleviation in Heilongjiang Province284.1 Current Situation of Financial Poverty Alleviation in Heilongjiang Province284.1.1 Governments Poverty AlleviationPolicy284.1.2 Poverty Alleviation Measures of Financial
13、 Institutions294.2 The Existing Problems of Financial Poverty Alleviation in Heilongjiang Province from thePerspective of Inclusive Finance304.2.1 The Development of Inclusive Finance Cannot Meet the Needs of Poverty Alleviation 304.2.2 The Development of Inclusive Finance is Restrained by its Own F
14、actors inPoverty-Stricken Areas314.2.3 Financial Institutions are Less Willing to Serve334.2.4 The Supporting System of Government Poverty Alleviation needs to be Improved334.3 Chapter Summary345 Empirical Analysis of Financial Poverty Alleviation in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspective of Inc
15、lusive Finance355.1 Linear Regression Model355.1.1 Index Selection355.1.2 Cointegration Test355.2 The Setting of Vector Autoregressive Model365.2.1 Stationarity Test of All Variables in the Model365.2.2 Determination of Optimal Lag Order375.2.3 Var System Stability Test375.3 Research on the Relation
16、ship between the Development of Inclusive Finance and PovertyLevel385.3.1 Impulse Response Analysis of Inclusive Finance Development and Poverty Level385.3.2 Variance Decomposition Analysis of Inclusive Finance Development and Poverty Level395.4 Analysis of Empirical Results415.5 Chapter Summary416
17、Countermeasures and Suggestions for Promoting Financial Poverty Alleviation in HeilongjiangVICONTENTSProvince426.1 Improve the Inclusive Financial System426.1.1 Innovate Financial Services Improving the Availability of Inclusive Finance426.1.2 Expand the Coverage of Service Outlets Increase the Pene
18、tration of Inclusive Finance426.1.3 Improve the Rural Credit System436.1.4 Standardize the Development of Informal Finance436.1.5 Improve the Service Concept of Financial Institutions446.2 Combination of Inclusive Finance and Industrial Poverty Alleviation446.3 Attach Importance to the Role of Small
19、 and Micro Enterprises in Invigorating the RealEconomy446.4 Build a New System of Farmland Development456.5 The Government Conducts Policy Guidance456.5.1 Enhance the Accuracy of Inclusive Finance456.5.2 Enhance the Accuracy of Inclusive Finance466.6 Chapter Summary467 Conclusion47Acknowledgement48R
20、eferences50Paper Published in the Period of Ph.M. Education53vn贫困作为世界难题一直以来受到各方关注，十九大报告指出，十八大以来的五年，我国 农村贫困发生率由10.2%降至4%以下，六千多万人口实现稳定脱贫。良好的脱贫效果源于扶 贫战略由“输血式”向“造血式”的转变，金融资本不断流向“三农”领域，为扶贫提供动 力。自2004年起，中央1号文件持续强调脱贫攻坚的重要性，为促进长效稳定脱贫，需提升 三农发展的内生动力。2019年中央一号文件更是以发挥“三农”压舱石作用为核心，把脱贫 攻坚的战略部署列为首要任务，不仅要主攻深度贫困地区，而
21、且要巩固脱贫成果，实现2020 脱贫目标。近年来农村金融发展态势良好，通过提升金融服务的可获得性，将受到金融排斥 的经济主体包容进金融体系，能够有效提升三农发展的内生动力。其体系建设与经济社会进 步相辅相成，同时强调了建设普惠金融体系的重要性，通过完善对“三农”领域、偏远地区 和小微企业的金融服务，推进金融精准扶贫。在2019年中央一号文件中，习近平总书记指出， 金融要服务实体经济，为经济社会和人民需求保驾护航。要坚持金融优先服务农业农村，让 金融服务贯穿“三农”的各个环节，实现普惠金融涉农贷款增速高于各项贷款增速，鼓励银 行业金融机构加大力度支持三农发展。而在国务院发布的推进普惠金融发展规划
22、（2016-2020 年）通知中，将贫困人群、老年人、农民、小微企业、城镇低收入人群等群体列为普惠金 融服务的重点对象，使普惠金融的发展目标与扶贫相契合，为发展金融扶贫提供了新视角。黑龙江拥有良好的农业资源禀赋，然而农业资源丰富也就意味着农村和农民的数量较多， 具有贫困发生的不良基础，加之连年经济增长情况不佳，为加剧贫困“造势”。由此，黑龙 江省政府工作报告中也连续几年强调精准扶贫、稳定脱贫，加强金融与扶贫的配合。近年来 黑龙江省金融发展态势良好，普惠金融作为金融扶贫的重要方式，其理念与支持脱贫相吻合， 在现阶段脱贫速度放缓的瓶颈期，如何推动金融扶贫工作取得新突破，成为了研究的热点之 一。因此
23、本文以黑龙江省为研究对象，在普惠金融视角下，对黑龙江省金融扶贫存在的问题 进行分析。金融机构普惠金融体系的不完善、贫困地区客观环境不良、政府对于贫困的识别 困难等都是制约普惠金融扶贫效果的因素。本文通过实证研究验证了普惠金融对扶贫具有促 进作用，确立了在普惠金融视角下进行金融扶贫具有可行性和可操作性。最后根据黑龙江省 金融扶贫存在的问题提出了具体对策，提升普惠金融可得性和渗透性，创新金融服务，深化 金融机构的扶贫理念，借鉴国外合适的金融扶贫模式；提升贫困户的文化水平，通过培训使 贫困户从脱贫思想和创收技能上均获得提升，增强内生脱贫动力；政府要继续提供对金融扶 贫的政策支撑，完善农村基础设施建设
24、，为金融扶贫的顺利开展提供良好的经济和生态环境； 同时重视政策性金融的作用，通过各方联动加快黑龙江省的脱贫进程。关键词：金融扶贫；普惠金融；VAR模型AbstractResearch on Financial Poverty Alleviation in HeilongjiangProvince from the Perspective of Inclusive FinanceAbstractPoverty has long been a problem of concern to the world. The report of the 19th CPC national congress
25、pointed out that in the five years since the 18th CPC national congress, the incidence rate of rural poverty in China has dropped from 10.2% to less than 4%, and more than 60 million people have been lifted out of poverty steadily. The favorable effect of poverty alleviation results from the transfo
26、rmation of poverty alleviation strategy from blood transfusion type to blood production type, and the continuous flow of financial capital to the three rural areas to provide impetus for poverty alleviation. Since 2004, the No.l document of the central committee has continuously stressed the importa
27、nce of poverty alleviation. The No.l document of the central committee in 2019 takes giving full play to the role as the anchor of agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the core, and makes the strategic plan of poverty alleviation a top priority. In recent years, rural finance has been developing
28、well. By improving the availability of financial services, economic subjects excluded by finance can be included into the financial system, which can effectively enhance the endogenous driving force for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Its system construction and economic and
29、 social progress complement each other, and at the same time emphasizes the importance of building a inclusive financial system. By improving financial services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, remote areas and small and micro enterprises, targeted financial poverty alleviation can be promo
30、ted. In the middle of the No.l document of the central committee in 2019, Xi Jinping, the general secretary pointed out that financial services to the real economy, the escort for the economic society and peoples demand, insist on financial service priority agriculture and rural areas, allowing fina
31、ncial services through every link of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, implement inclusive financial agricultural loan growth is higher than the loan growth, encourage the development of banking financial institutions to support agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In the plan for promoting the
32、 development of inclusive finance (2016-2020) issued by the state council, the poor group, the elderly, farmers, small and micro enterprises, urban low-income groups and other groups are listed as the key objects of inclusive finance services, so that the development goal of inclusive finance is con
33、sistent with poverty alleviation, providing a new perspective for poverty alleviation through development finance.Heilongjiang has a good agricultural resource endowment, but abundant agricultural resources also means a large number of rural areas and farmers, which has a bad foundation for the occu
34、rren-IE东北农业大学经济学硕士学位论文ce of poverty. Coupled with the poor economic growth in recent years, it creates momentum for the intensification of poverty. Therefore, the work report of Heilongjiang provincial government also emphasizes targeted poverty alleviation and stable poverty alleviation for several
35、 consecutive years, and strengthens the cooperation between finance and poverty alleviation. In recent years, the financial development of Heilongjiang province is in a good state. As an important way of financial poverty alleviation, inclusive finance is consistent with the idea of supporting pover
36、ty alleviation. At the bottleneck stage when the rate of poverty alleviation slows down, how to promote the financial poverty alleviation work to make a new breakthrough has become one of the research hotspots. Therefore, this paper takes Heilongjiang province as the research object and analyzes the
37、 existing problems of financial poverty alleviation in Heilongjiang province from the perspective of inclusive finance. Imperfect inclusive finance system of financial institutions, adverse objective environment in poverty-stricken areas and difficulties in identifying poverty by the government are
38、all factors restricting the effectiveness of inclusive finance in poverty alleviation. The empirical study verifies that inclusive finance plays a role in promoting poverty alleviation, establishes the feasibility and operability of financial poverty alleviation from the perspective of inclusive fin
39、ance, and finally puts forward specific countermeasures according to the existing problems of financial poverty alleviation in Heilongjiang province, improves the accessibility and penetration of inclusive finance, innovates financial services, deepens the poverty alleviation concept of financial in
40、stitutions, and draws lessons from foreign financial poverty alleviation models. We should raise the educational level of the poor households, improve their poverty alleviation thoughts and income-generating skills through training, and enhance their endogenous motivation to lift themselves out of p
41、overty. The government should continue to provide policy support for financial poverty alleviation, improve rural infrastructure construction, and provide a good economic and ecological environment for the smooth development of financial poverty alleviation. At the same time, the government should a
42、ttach importance to the role of policy-based finance and accelerate the process of poverty alleviation in Heilongjiang province through the interaction of all parties.Key words: Financial Poverty Alleviation; Inclusive Finance; VAR ModelCandidate: Zhang Yingying Specialty: Finance Supervisor: Prof.
43、Xin LiqiuIV引言1引言1.1研究背景贫困问题在世界范围内普遍存在，对人民生存发展与国家和平稳定产生直接威胁，因此 各国纷纷致力于减贫和消除贫困。而我国作为发展中国家，也急需解决贫困问题，才能更好 的实现经济发展。历史发展模式的选择，促使我国形成二元经济社会结构，城乡壁垒的存在 使城乡收入差距逐步扩大，将贫困人口 “挤压”到我国农村地区。随着脱贫工作的开展，不 断涌现出旅游扶贫、产业扶贫、电商扶贫等新型扶贫形式。作为经济增长的重要推动力，金 融在调控宏观经济以及优化资源配置上发挥了重要作用，金融为三农主体提供了生产经营的 便利条件。通过金融机构向农村地区提供金融服务，为农户和农村中小企
44、业提供必要的信贷 支持，保障了三农主体的生产经营活动顺利进行，推动农村经济快速发展，实现农民增收， 减轻贫困。我国贫困主体集中于“三农”领域，因此致力于减贫问题，发展农村金融成为不 可或缺的途径。近年来中央也不断强调金融扶贫，2017年中央一号文件指出，提升农村金融 创新水平，加大投放“三农”贷款力度，支持金融机构增加县域网点，落实涉农贷款增量奖 励政策。2018年中央一号文件也强调了提高农村金融服务水平的重要性，农村金融体系应适 合农村发展特点，金融机构应引导金融资源流向农村地区的重点发展领域，加强薄弱环节的 金融支持，同时鼓励金融机构扩展普惠金融业务。2018年两会期间，金融扶贫也成为讨论
45、的 焦点，随着精准扶贫工作的持续推进，贫困地区表现出多样化的金融需求，应加强金融扶贫 资源的全方位监控，鼓励金融机构创新扶贫模式。为适应农村体制变化，农村金融的改革迅速跟进，然而我国的农村金融体系并不能完全 适应改革的进程，城乡经济的不平衡发展，导致农村金融资源外流。农村金融市场表现低迷， 更明显的缺陷表现为对农村经济主体的排斥，金融排斥的存在加重了资源分配不均的问题， 贫困愈加深化。2015年12月31日，国务院下发了推进普惠金融发展规划（2016-2020年）， 通知中明确指出普惠金融的发展目标，即提升人民群众金融服务的可获得性，特别要针对贫 困人口、残疾群体、农民群体、小微企业、老年群体
46、提供金融服务，同时要向低收入人群、 农村贫困群体、小微企业等提供金融支持，提高“三农”领域的金融服务质量。发展普惠金 融的目标群体与扶贫的目标群体恰好契合。普惠金融对三农领域的重点关注，对小微企业、 贫困农户、低收入人群的靶向支持，使其与扶贫具有内在的一致性。自党的十八届三中全会 提出发展普惠金融以来，普惠金融以其金融服务覆盖面广的特性引起学者和政府的广泛关注， 将被排斥群体重新纳入农村金融的服务范围，极大的提升了贫困经济主体的金融服务可得性， 补足了金融扶贫动力不足的短板，迅速成为金融扶贫的重要途径，因此本文以普惠金融作为 金融扶贫的切入点进行研究。我国现行贫困标准为中国贫困监测报告中公布的
47、2010年农村贫困标准，2010年我 国农村贫困人口为16567万人，到2016年我国农村贫困人口下降至4335万人，2017年我国 农村贫困人口再减少1289万人，贫困发生率为3.1%。然而在2010年标准下，农村贫困发生 率的减缓速度逐年降低，贫困呈现多元化、顽固性的特征，返贫现象时有发生，扶贫工作迎1东北农业大学经济学硕上学位论文来新的挑战。而普惠金融作为金融服务的一种，其服务的目标人群恰好与扶贫工作的目标吻 合，因此在普惠金融视角下，发挥金融扶贫的作用助力脱贫工作的开展确有必要。1.2研究目的和意乂 1.2.1研究目的近年来黑龙江省经济发展呈现出较弱的发展态势，三农发展受到牵制。作为贫困主体的 集中区域，浮现出的贫困问题亟待解决，黑龙江省政府工作报告中也连续几年强调实现精准 扶贫的重要性。由于普惠金融作为金融扶贫的重要手段，其服务目标群体与扶贫保持一致， 是更适合的金融扶贫模式，因此本文以普惠金融视角作为研宄金融扶贫问题的切入点。在政 府持续鼓励金融扶贫的背景下，本文的总体目标是：在普惠金融视角下，以黑龙江省为研宄 对象，分析金融扶贫过程中存在的问题，进而提出促进黑龙江省金融扶贫的对策建议。本文 的具体目标如下：(1) 探索普惠金融对贫困的影响。整理金融扶贫相关研宄文献，在对概念界定清晰的