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1、姜丽芳姜丽芳下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤一一.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原
2、则上应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主主句主语保持一致语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生尚未发生; 用用-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义作已经发生，同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原
3、则上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. （2007江西卷）江西卷） A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained如：如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷）广东卷） A. Ha
4、ving made B. Make C. To make D. Making to catch up the first bus.3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南卷湖南卷)A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C
5、. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】【解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的，所以用发出的，所以用-ing 作伴随状语；作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带后跟不带to的不定式的不定式/-ing作宾补。作宾补。【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会时持续了一会 儿，故用儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。心想自己该怎么办。 原则二：原则二
6、： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing-ing. . listen to do/doing inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号; ;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. Write to the editor, _ that the
7、 editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，
8、其原则区别是，或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用一般用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷）天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析
9、【解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山东卷）山东卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. t
10、o be reaching 8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷）陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (2005广东卷广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析【解析】only to do sth 在此
11、表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式. .9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. （2007浙江卷）浙江卷） A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearin
12、g D. being heard 【解析】根据句意，此处指的是【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，因此动式，因此 可排除可排除 B 和和 C。另外，由于。另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。 11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B.
13、 to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】【解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻辑之间存在逻辑上的被动
14、关系，又因上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt. fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陕西卷）陕西卷） A. John has taken a
15、n extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 13. While watching television，_. （2005全国卷全国卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为【解析】因为 watching 的逻
16、辑主语一定是人，排除选项的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和和 B ；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式，的不定式， 所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watchingfaced with(be) faced with原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Aust
17、ralia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. （2005湖北卷）湖北卷） A.Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separated 【解析】因为【解析】因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。的完成被动式作原因状语。 15. T
18、he manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. （2005江西卷）江西卷） A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析】因为【解析】因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，的完成式作状语， having made . 相当于相当于 who had made. 的意思。的意思。lefthas16.Li
19、Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?CABisSb is said to do 据说原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是： 用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; ; 用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在
20、进行; ; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海卷）上海卷） A. w
21、aited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. （2007湖南卷）湖南卷） A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed!（2007全国全国I） A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
22、ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first， the second . the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。你是第二个犯这错误的人。Translate the following sentences into English.1. 这是一个已经这是一个已经 讨论了的问题。讨论了的问题。2. 这是一个正在这是一个正在 讨论的问题。讨论的问题。3. 这是一个将要这
23、是一个将要 讨论的问题。讨论的问题。This is a problem discussed. （已经完成的被动动作）（已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed. （正在进行的被动动作）（正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed. （将要进行的被动动作）（将要进行的被动动作）discussed being discussed to be discussed已经已经正在正在将要将要原则一：用作目的状语，原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则三：用作结果状
24、语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是：原则区别是：-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果
25、。原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式； 如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主语应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不
26、定式表示动作尚未发生；原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。二二. 非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构, ,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had
27、been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking al
28、ong the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. 一一般来说，作般来说，作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；
29、作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语； 作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。 A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey5._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.6.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑
30、主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。7. “You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. LosingJane
31、the two students（四）（四）分析时态分析时态9. The building _now will be a restaurant .10. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .11. The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C_B_D二二. 找找逻辑主语逻辑主语三、分析三、分析语语态态四、分析四、分析时时态态一一. 辨辨别别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三. 非谓语动词解题步骤
32、非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态Practice 1. A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3.
33、_ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a b
34、ig difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always t
35、he first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married10.With everything she needed_, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought