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1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Non-predicate Verbs非非谓谓语语不定式（to do)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)- ing分词-ed分词非谓语动词讲解一：构成非谓语动词讲解一：构成1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2. 非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）非谓语动词讲解二非谓语动词讲解二 ：谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓
2、语动词的方法判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法leavingleft 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yest
3、erday is of great importance.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 考纲解读考纲解读 非谓语动词包括非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容高考必考内容。既是。既是高考的亮点高考的亮点又是又是高考的热点高考的热点。 【高考考点透视高考考点透视】 1非谓语动词的构成和语法功
4、能及用法对比。非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。 2非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。 3非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。 4不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。法对比。 非谓语动词讲解三：非谓语动词讲解三： 5不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。区别是考查的热点。 6过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补
5、足语的用法。补足语的用法。 7不定式标志不定式标志to和介词和介词to的用法判断等。的用法判断等。 8带带to与不带与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。的不定式的用法及区别。不定式不定式相当于相当于名词、形容词、副词。名词、形容词、副词。充当充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、主语、宾语、定语、表语、 宾语补足语、宾语补足语、状语。状语。动名词动名词相当于相当于名词名词充当充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词分词相当于相当于形容词、副词形容词、副词充当充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语.非谓语动词讲解四：句法作用非谓语动词讲解四：句法作用 1 The teac
6、hers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等. 4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I want him
7、 to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.Im glad to see you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词12.Swimming is his favorite sport. 1
8、3.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favorite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成非谓语动词讲解五非谓语动词讲解五主动态被动态
9、一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been done to be doingto have been doing_(see) you again._ (read) _ (write) (work) 非谓语动词讲解六非谓语动词讲解六to seeto seeto be readingto have written非谓语动词讲解七：非谓语动词讲解七：如何确定动词不定式的语态如何确定动词不定式的语态技巧：找逻辑主语技巧：找逻辑主语1. I opened the door _ (enter) the room. 2. Mr. Smith i
10、s going to attend the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow. 一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。to enterto be held(二）进行式（三）完成式 1. I am very glad _ (work) with you.2. The book is said _(translate) into English.如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。to be workingto have been translated解题技巧 非谓语动词题目三步走： 谓语动词谓语动词/句型的要求句型
11、的要求: 解析句子结构，确定设空在解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补如状语、定语或宾补)； 主被动关系主被动关系: 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动主动还是被动)； 时间先后顺序时间先后顺序: 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；谓语动词的恰当形式； 非谓语动词讲解八：非谓语动词讲解八： EXX. Fill in the blanks with the words given.1. Tom happened _ (p
12、ass) by when they spoke ill of him.2. We all hope _ (become) scientists.3. We all want _ (take) part in the sports meet.4. I happened _ (read) the article when he asked me about it.5. He pretended _ (be) a driver.6. When the father came home, the naughty boy pretended _ (do) his homework. to be pass
13、ingbe becometo taketo have readto beto be doing_ (write) 8. He is said _ (send) to London already.9. She is said _ (meet) a fairy one day.10. Alice is said _ (do) her homework in her own room now.11. I dont expect them _ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late.12. These boys are said _ (praise) f
14、or doing goods deeds.to have been sentto have metto be doingto be waitingto be praised动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold
15、 water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1.作主语作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ (get )there by
16、bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ (help) the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ (spend ) our holiday in the mountains二二. 动词不定式的句法作用动词不定式的句法作用非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to getto helpto spend句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的 ）（是形容
17、事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor _ us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teac
18、her like that.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解forforofof2.作表语作表语1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性一致性) _(do) two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。 _ (see) is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)系动词be, appear, seem, prove后用to do形式做表语；be to do ,be about to do结构表将来时:He is to marry Rose.H
19、e was about _ (enter) when he heard a cry.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解To do To seeto enter3).如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用。语的内容做具体说明作用。His wish is _ (buy) a car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing i
20、s _ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染4).What she wants to do most now is _ (travel) abroad.(主语是what, all引导的名词性从句)非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to buyto taketo travelExx:1.To live is _ (struggle).2.Her wish is _ (become) a doctor.3.I was just about _ (leave) the office when the phone rang.4.My
21、 job is _ (look) after the children today.5.我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。 We _ the large factory.6. What interested me most was _ (find) such a thing in the forest.7. The captain seemed _(hesitate) for a moment.8. His words proved _ (correct).to struggleto becometo leaveto lookare to visitto findto hesitateto be c
22、orrect常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀口诀:想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要 want, decide, agree, wish, hope ,promise , choose, need3.作宾作宾 语语 如：如：want to do I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解补充能接不定式作宾语的动词有：expect, pretend, refuse, plan, learn, manage, offer, afford, h
23、elp (to) do, determine, intend, attempt, desire1.I cant afford _ (buy) a car.2.Have you learnt _ (drive) a car?3.The stranger offered _ (show) me the way.4.Price Harry asked _ (send) to serve in the army.5.The patient desired _ (tell) the truth.6.They are planning _ (visit) London next year.to buyto
24、 driveto showto be sentto be toldto visit非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解. regret doing sth遗憾/后悔做过某事. regret to do sth.表示对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉”、 “遗憾”，后面只限于用几个动词say, tell, inform等。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1. 不定式与动名词不定式与动名词无区别无区别 start begin continue注意注意 下列情况中下列情况中begin和和start后须接不定式后须接不定式 主语是物不是人
25、主语是物不是人 Spring came on, and the snow began to melt. begin和和start用于进行时态用于进行时态 Its beginning to snow. 后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand, realize, know I began to realize how stupid I was. 后接不定式被动式后接不定式被动式 The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.2. 不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别细微细微
26、love hate like prefer 后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动、习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动作作 I like _ (swim) in summer. I didnt like _ (swim) that day.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解swimmingto swim 3.不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别很很大大 : remember forget regret try mean stop go on cant help I remember visiting
27、 his parents when I went to the town.Ill remember to visit his parents when I go to the town. Hes forgotten switching off the light.He forgot to switch off the light when he left. I regret saying those words. I regret to say that I cant come tonight. He tried teaching the children in a new way. He t
28、ried to teach the children as much as he could. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest3. Remember _ the light
29、s when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Exx.1.The teacher is coming, lets stop _ (talk).2.She tried _ (read), but couldnt make her forget her trouble.3.He forgot even _ (write) to me, so he wrote another one.4.I remember _ (bring) the book to
30、 you last week.5.I regret _ (tell) that we cant take your advice.6. Revolution means _(liberate) the productive forces.7. Go on _ (do) the other exercise after youhave finished this one.8. Though it began to rain, they went on _ (get)In the crops on the field.talkingreadingwritingbringingto telllibe
31、ratingto dogetting注意句型：注意句型： it作形式宾语作形式宾语 如：如：find it +adj+ to doI find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel _ interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider +adj/n +
32、to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解it宾语宾补ititititittototototo2) consider what to do tell me what to do
33、有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，等，但不可以但不可以是是why。They are considering what to do next.They told me what to do next.注意句型：注意句型：非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解（宾语）（宾语） （ 宾补）宾补）1. 你能告诉我该如何解决这个问题吗？ Could you tell me _ the problem.2. 我们想知道下周我们去哪里?
34、 We wonder _ next week.3. We have no idea about what _ (do) next.4. She gave us some advice on how _ (learn) foreign language.5. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _ (该选哪个).how to solvewhere to goto do to learnwhich to choose4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 如：如：tell sb.to do sth(与宾语之间的关系实际上
35、是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mother told me _come back before 10 oclock. 2.Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _change his mind? 4.I wish you_ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him.tototo toto 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解主语谓语 宾语宾补促使）促使） oblige（强制，迫使）（强制，迫
36、使）非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1.The soldiers forced the enemy _ (give) in.2.Our teacher advises us _ (do) more reading aloud every morning.3.They would not allow him _ (risk) going across the enemy line.4.Will you permit me _ (go) to the cinema?5.The young man persuaded his father _ (give) up smoking.6.The govern
37、ment calls on people_ (protect) the environment.7.We can depend on the workers _ (carry) out the plan.to giveto doto riskto goto giveto carryto protect8. Greenhouse gases cause the earths atmosphere _ (heat) up.to heat非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解例如：例如：注意：注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时，当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不其后的不定式则要加上
38、定式则要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard _ (sing) the songHe was seen _(enter) the room. to singto enter非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解理解：1.I saw someone come in.2.I saw someone coming in.3.He had his horse _ (jump) over the fence.4.The lady was watched _ (leave) her room silence.5.He made the boy _ (clean) room.6.Did you
39、 notice anyone _ (enter) my room?7.Though he had often made his little sister_ (cry), today he was made _ (cry) by his little sister.8. Last night the girls were heard _ (sing) in the classroom.9. The local people were made _ (leave).10. Some children were observed _ (pick) the flowers.我看到有人进来了。（已进来
40、）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）jumpto leavecleanentercryto cryto singto leaveto pick up括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his
41、 deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont look D. not look help(to) watercryto cry非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to be taken非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解让，要让，要 have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事让某人做某事 = have sth.
42、 done 让某事被做让某事被做 例：例： I have him _ (repair) my watch. =I have my watch _ (repair). have sb./ sth. doing 让某人或某事一直进让某人或某事一直进 行某动作或保持某状态行某动作或保持某状态 例：例： I had my car waiting outside. I wont have you smoking. have sth. to do 有某事要做有某事要做 比较比较 例释例释 repairrepairedExx:1.I had him _ (repair) my bike. = I got h
43、im _ (repair) my bike.2. It is too cold, we have the fire _ （burn) all night long.3. He had me _ (wait) for a long time.4. I want to have this film _ (develop) .repairto repairburningwaitingdeveloped非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解 动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to 词组词组 had better, would rather, had rather, rather than, cant (help) b
44、ut, might as well（不妨）（不妨） Lets finish the work today rather than _ (leave) it off till tomorrow. 句型句型 Why not Why not join us? 在介词在介词but, except, besides前面的结构中，有行为动词前面的结构中，有行为动词do, choose ( do / choosebut do sth. 其它动词其它动词 but to do sth. ) I did nothing but_ (wait) for you. There seemed nothing else
45、to do but _(wait) for you. I couldnt choose but_ (wait) . I had no choice but_ (wait) for you.waitwaitto wait waitleave1.Yesterday I did nothing but _ (watch) TV.2.He wanted nothing but _ (enjoy) himself at the moment.3.At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ (lay) down their guns.4.We can no
46、t choose but _ (hear).5.Bod did nothing except _ (play) tennis.6.We had nothing to do except _ (fight) against the pollution.7.It had no effect except _ (make) him angry.watchto enjoyto layhearplayfightto make另：nothing but仅仅，只不过,只有I want nothing but the best for my children.Youre nothing but a thief
47、.我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。你只不过是个小偷。：不定式做定语时一般修饰：不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事将要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is very important.5.作作定语定语eg.eg.
48、I have something to tell you. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解to be held1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( (区别主被动）区别主被动）比较：比较： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washedShe has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。非谓
49、语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解自己洗自己洗别人洗别人洗 不定式做定语除了一般式to do外，还有下面的形式，即：不定式的被动形式to be done 注意：当不定式做定语时，有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。 1.There be句型中不定式to do和to be done都可表被动，可以不区别。如：There are a lot of things to do/to be done this afternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。 2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式个名词或代词构成
50、主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义表示被动含义。如： 1) Mr.Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I) 2) Please give me some books_ (read).请给我一些书读。(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me) 但：Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动) to be