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1、. it 用作形式主语用作形式主语.1 代替主语从句代替主语从句1）It is + adj. +that从句从句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain.) that . “清楚（显然，真的，肯定）清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），
2、动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. 2）.It is +v-ed +that 从句从句 It is said (reported， learned.) that . 据说（据报道，据悉）据说（据报道，据悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that .
3、 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），动词原形），should 可以省；常译为可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. = He is said to have come to Beijing.3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should +
4、 动词原形），动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然竟然”。没有。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 4). It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为是常用过去时态表示虚拟常
5、译为“是（正是）的是（正是）的时侯时侯” It is time that children went to bed. It is the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 5). It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主引导的是主语从句，主句中的句中的h
6、appen ， seem等词是不及物动词。等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看看来来6). It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。系。It doesnt matter if they are old.2.
7、作形式主语替代不定式作形式主语替代不定式 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花费某人做要花费某人 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有：常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。等。 这
8、个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。等。 在在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如：如： It is i
9、mportant for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是语可以是no good , no use ,useless It is no good learning English without writing English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.
10、 .3.作形式主语替代ing形式 . It looks ( seems ) as if . 常译为，常译为，“看起来好象看起来好象”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）（没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying. It is up to sb. to do sth. It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。 It is up
11、to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。 It is your turn to clean our classroom today. . It is ones turn to do sth. 今天该轮到你做教室清洁。今天该轮到你做教室清洁。It is no wonder that he didnt want to go.No wonder he didnt want to go. . It is no wonder that 在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真奇怪，真是令人惊讶真是令人惊讶
12、”；It is a wonder that he reused such a good offer.真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。 难怪难怪他不愿去。他不愿去。 4. It 作形式宾语作形式宾语. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为为6123结构结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语指的是形
13、式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或或that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. find possible
14、1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /that feel important Sentence patterns:Sentence patterns:形式宾语形式宾语 a rule2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /that an honour 3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use We think it our duty to clean ourclassroom every day. He felt it
15、no good playing computergames. They found it difficult that they wouldfinish their work in two days. 该句型中的该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。. We are counting on it
16、 that you will come. 常见的短语和动词有：常见的短语和动词有：count on (依靠，依靠，指望，期盼指望，期盼), see to(负责负责), depend on (依靠依靠), rely on(信赖，依靠信赖，依靠)等。等。 I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)A. this B. that C. it D. one点拨点拨: :这是这是it it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法作形式宾语的一种特殊用法. .少数动词少数动词( (如如like, like, love, enjoy,
17、 dislike, hate, appreciatelove, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等等) )或包含介词的或包含介词的动词短语动词短语( (如如see to, depend onsee to, depend on等等) )后接宾语从句后接宾语从句, ,必须先由必须先由it it担任形式宾语担任形式宾语, ,再接从句再接从句. .1.I like (enjoy, hate) it when2.I would appreciate it if3.see to (depend on) it thatSentence patterns:C形式宾语形式宾语）m
18、ake it 及时赶到及时赶到;成功成功;办成办成 You can make it if you hurry. You neednt worry; he will make it. ）put it 说说, 评价评价 “He is an honest man.” Tom put it. Special notice: Special notice: it beit be vsvs there bethere be “是是”“有有”1. _ someone at the door. I think _ the man to deliver the milk. 2. Lets hurry! _ a
19、long way to go.3. _ no need to hurry. We still get much time.4. _ a wonder that he refuses such a good offer. There isit isThere isThere isIt isIt is? There is?5. _ no doubt that he has done something bad.6. _ no possibility that he will cheat us.7. _ no good arguing with the unreasonable woman. 8.
20、_ no difference between the two plans.There isThere isIt isThere is9._ was a time when10._ is no denying that11._ is a chance that12_used to be a tree in the house.13._ goes without saying that不言而喻14._ occurred to sb that15._ is convenient to sb.16.When _ comes to football, I am worse.17._ turned out that18._ hadnt been for the exams, I would have been there.