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1、2022年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（一） 试卷(课程代码00012)第一部分：阅读判断（第110题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Why I Love My JobRoss is a public school teacher. She teaches a group of, mostly, seniors and she loves what she does.My job is gr
2、eat,she said.That is the only way to describe it.As teachers, we have the opportunity to completely change someones life by providing him or her with a good education.Ross moved to Austin in 1981 to attend the University of Texas. She earned a degree in math. Since her graduation, she has enjoyed te
3、aching high school students in Texas for nearly 30 years. Over the years, she has taught every level of high school math.Ive always taught high school students, she said. I like their energy, and I enjoy teaching seniors because they are getting ready to move on.Ross also believes teaching helps her
4、 keep a balance between work and life. It has allowed her to have the same work schedule as her childrens school schedule. When her sons were younger, she worked during the day while her musician husband worked at night. So daycare was never a problem. Today her two boys share the same daily schedul
5、e and the same winter, spring and summer vacations with her.Teaching brings other benefits, too. Entry-level salaries of teachers are competitive with other fields. Teachers are also offered good retirement benefits and insurance.“Due to bad economy, very few places offer a pension now and teaching
6、is one of them, she said.1.Ross believes that good education can change a persons life. （A）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given2.Ross has been teaching in Austin since 1981.（B）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given3.Ross is able to teach every level of high school math.（A）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given4.Ross is one of the most pop
7、ular teachers in her high school.（C）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given5.Ross enjoys teaching high school students.（A）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given6.Ross husband used to have a day-time job when their sons were younger.（B）A、trueB、falseC、Not Given7.Ross two sons are interested in music.(C)A、trueB、falseC、Not Given8.R
8、oss often goes traveling with her sons during their vacations.(C )A、trueB、falseC、Not Given9.New teachers earn much less than beginners in other fields.(B )A、trueB、falseC、Not Given10.Because of bad economy, teachers are losing their pensions, too.(B)A、trueB、falseC、Not Given第二部分:阅读选择（第1115题，每题2分，共10分)
9、阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑。Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was a famous scientist. He created many theories that completely changed the way people saw our world and the universe. At first, very few scientists could understand his theories. As time passed, other scientists
10、 came to accept them.Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879 and grew up in Munich.He was not a good student at school. He only did things he was interested in, like science and math.After school， Einstein went to Switzerland and worked at the Swiss patent（专利） office in Bern.He studied what other
11、people had invented. Later he moved to Berlin, Germany.He lived there for a long time and developed many of his scientific theories. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.In 1933,Hitler and the Nazis came to power in Germany. Einstein was against the Nazis and their ideas.He decided to leave Ge
12、rmany and go to America. When World War broke out in 1939, Einstein discovered that German scientists were working on a bomb. The bomb could kill thousands of people. He wrote a letter to the American president to warn him. He also suggested that the Americans start building one, too.In 1942,the Ame
13、rican government started a project to build the atomic bomb.Two of these bombs were dropped to end the war against Japan.Einstein was shocked when he heard the news.He wanted atomic energy to bring peace to the world.For the last twenty years of his life, Einstein lived in Princeton. He continued hi
14、s scientific work there. He died on April 18, 1955.11.What can we know about Einstein in his childhood? (D)A、He was born in Munich, Germany.B、He was a straight-A student at school.C、He was asked to leave school.D、He was interested in science subjects.12.In which country did Einstein develop many of
15、his theories? (C )A、Switzerland.B、America.C、Germany.D、Japan.13.Einstein decided to leave for the United States because he_A_.A、was opposed to the NazisB、could find a better job thereC、wanted to get away from warsD、was invited by the US government14.When Einstein learned about the bombs dropped on Ja
16、pan, he felt_B _.A、excitedB、surprisedC、satisfiedD、confused15.What can be inferred about Einstein from the passage? (D )A、He had many followers when he was in Switzerland.B、He earned a Nobel Prize after World War II.C、He spent his late days in Germany.D、He was a peace-loving person.第三部分概括段落大意和补全句子（第1
17、625题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务（1）从第1620题后所给的6个选项中为第段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）从第2125题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Jungle Highway Central Brazil has been invaded （入侵） by engineers and construction workers. They have cut through the Amazon jungle to build a new road across Brazil. The new ro
18、ad is called the Trans-Amazon Highway. It links the cities of Brazils east coast with another highway that stretches to the Pacific. The highway connects cities all over Brazil with new settlements in central Brazil. Brazilians are both hopeful and anxious about the highway project. The land of nort
19、heastern Brazil is dry. It is difficult for the people to grow enough food or make enough money. They expect the new highway to provide new farmland and many jobs. They also expect new towns and cities to develop along the highway. They believe people will move from the coastal cities and help devel
20、op central Brazil. The highway is a great challenge to Brazilian engineering. Huge cutting machines are used to clear away thick jungle growth. There are other challenges, too. Workers have to deal with heavy rains, biting insects, diseases and loneliness. They do not bring their families with them.
21、 They often miss their families and friends at home. Ecologists（生态学家）are worried about problems the new highway has brought. The rainforest has only a thin layer （层）of rich soil. This layer has been protected by tall trees and fed by dead leaves and plants. But construction is destroying the forest.
22、 The trees have been cleared away to make room for the road and new settlements. Ecologists believe there will be no good farmland. Already, some areas of the jungle have turned into dry and dusty deserts.Task116.Paragraph ：17.Paragraph ：18.Paragraph ：19.Paragraph ：20.Paragraph ：A. Description of th
23、e highwayB. Difficulties of the projectC. Invasion of the Amazon jungleD.Life in the jungleE. Ecologists worriesF. Brazilians expectationsTask221. Trees in the jungle have been cut_.22. People in northeastern Brazil expect the highway_.23.Brazilians hope that_.24. Road workers often feel lonely beca
24、use_.25. Ecologists are worried that_.A. to make room for a highway projectB. central Brazil will be developedC. they leave their families behindD. the forest is destroyedE. people will suffer from more diseasesF. to bring them more money答案：C17.A18.F19.B20.E21.A22.F23.B24.C25.D第四部分填句补文（第 2630题，每题2分，
25、共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。First-born ChildrenHow do first-born children differ from later-born children? Hundreds of experiments have shown that the eldest child tends to be more careful, more eager for success, and more anxious.26_ He avoids dange
26、rous sports like football and soccer.One thing seems certain: first-borns have a good start in life. They are no more intelligent. But they are better readers as children.They do better in high school. They get better grades on school tests. More first-borns go to colleges and graduate schools.27_ T
27、hey dominate（占优势） in graduate schools. They account for more than a third of doctors, lawyers and college professors. More first-borns become famous people in the world.One reason for differences between older and younger children is that parents treat them differently.Many parents usually favor the
28、 eldest because everything he does is a novelty（新奇）. First-borns tend to be breast-fed longer.They are photographed endlessly. 28_ First-borns are also given more responsibility because the mother needs them to help with the younger ones.29_ Sometimes it is simply because families cannot afford to s
29、end more than one child to college.30_The first-born child provides the first vehicle by which parents can continue their own identities and realize their hopes and dreams. All in all, it seems that first-borns are not only teachers pets, but parents pets as well.A. He is also more sensitive to pain
30、.B. Many parents simply expect more of the first child.C. They account for 66% of the students in top US universities.D.Later-borns have valuable qualities that many first-borns lack.E. But later-borns are lucky to appear in group pictures.F. In certain cultures, the eldest should enjoy special educ
31、ational advantages.答案A27.C28.E29.F30.B第五部分填词补文（第3140题，每题1.5分，共15分）下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Building Trust in TeamworkTrust is important for teamwork. Teens must learn to trust each other to work towards a common 31_.For one activity，put the teens into 32_.One is blin
32、dfolded（蒙住眼睛）.Use rings to 33_ mines（地雷）in a certain area. The seeing partner stands on the 34_ side of the field. He must direct his partner across the mine field safely. The point is to see how 35_ their chosen form of communication is.For another activity， 36_ the whole group an un-assembled（未组装的
33、） tent. Tell them they are in Antarctica and 37_ survived a snowstorm. The team leader has his hands hurt and cannot 38_. Half the team have been blinded by 39_ and the other half have lost their voices.They must work 40_,listen to their leader and trust each other to quickly put the tent together f
34、or survival.A.barelyB. EffectiveC. effotD giveE. goalF. helpG.oppositeH.pairsI. representJ. snowK. difficultL. together答案E32.H33.I34.G35.B36.D37.A38.F39.J40.L第六部分完形补文（第4150题，每题 1.5分，共15分）下面的短文有 10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。The Origin of Birthday CakeThe words forcakeand breadwere p
35、ractically (practical) the same in early Europe. The only 41_(differ)was that cakes were sweet. In the 15th century,42_(baker)came up with the idea of 43_(sell) cakes for peoples birthdays and their weddings. Since the cakes were 44_(usual) used for the birthdays of young children, these celebration
36、s were 45_(refer) to as childrens festival. During this period,people began to put new ingredients（成分） into cakes to make them 46_（sweet） and less bread-like.During the 17th century，birthday cakes were a luxury（奢侈品）. Only the very 47_(wealth) could afford them. During the 48_(Industry)Revolution, ma
37、terials and tools became more advanced and more 49_(easy) acquired.As a result, the price of birthday cakes became 50_(accept) to the masses.答案difference42. bakers43. selling44.usually45. referred46.sweeter47. wealthy48.Industrial49. easily50. acceptable第七部分短文写作（第51题，30分）请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇 80 词左右的英文写作
38、任务。51.某英文报社邀请你参加题为Where do you prefer to live，in a city or in the countryside?的征文活动。以下是写作提纲 你的选择; 你做出上述选择的原因。答案范文（略）1）评分原则本题总分为 30 分，按 5 个档次评分。阅卷人应就总体印象给分，而不是按照语言错误的数量扣分。 评分时，先根据文章的内容要点、篇章结构和语言运用初步确定其所属的档次，然后依照该档次的具体要求酌情增减分数，最后给分。应避免分数趋中现象，即不能只给中间档次的分数。该给高分时就应给高分（包含满分），该给低分时就应给低分（包含 0 分）。拼写和标点符号是语言准
39、确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英式、美式拼写及用法均可接受。如书写较差难以辨认，以致影响交际，或字数明显少于要求，将分数降低一个档次。 2）评分标准第一档 2530 分：圆满完成了试题规定的任务。清楚地表达了全部内容要点。运用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求。语言运用较为准确、恰当。第二档 1924 分：完成了试题规定的任务。清楚地表达了全部或关键内容要点。运用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的基本要求。语言运用基本正确，虽有小错，但不影响理解。在 第三档 1318 分：基本完成了试题规定的任务。提及了关键内容要点（可能漏掉了个别内容）。 运用的语法结构和词汇满足任务的最低要求。存在一些语言错误，但基本不影响理解。第四档 712 分：完成了一部分试题规定的任务。遗漏或未能清楚表达内容要点。语法结构和词汇单调。语言错误较多，部分错误影响理解。第五档 16 分：未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏内容要点。语法结构和词汇极单调。语言错误很多，严重影响理解。0 分：所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价；所写内容与题目要求完全无关。