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1、河海大学 硕士学位论文 管理信息系统的设计、开发与实现 姓名 ： Eslam Hassan Gorshi 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：计算机 指导教师：李继国 20050401 目前的研究把数据库系统作为计算机科学的電要组成部分。选择注册过程作为应用研究 是因为处理注册过程的信息系统是非常需要的，它将减少时间和学生及注册操作者的工作 量。同时为学生的信息提供了安全保证。本文的研究选择 丹的 Nile Valley 大学贸易经 济管理学院作为一个案例。使用 VB6 作为系统平台、 CR6 作为报告处理过程工具。本文 釆用描述和分析的方法来解释大学数据库和注册过程。 论文包括下面部分： 首先是数据管
2、理系统的简单回顾，然后是分析学生注册系统，包括：关系数据管理系统 中的实体关系数据模型，学生注册系统的关系表，用 Microsoft Access 创建数据表。现在 我们已经准备好注册系统的设计、执行及性能分析，包括系统环境的选择、用 Visual Studio6 设计系统的界面、通过 ADO 访问数据库中的数据。数据安全防止未被授权的用户 查看 或更新数据库。 为了实现学生的注册系统，研究包括下面的两个过程： 1、 在执行文件里获得在线注册系统：首先出现登陆页面要求输入用户 ID 和密码，点 击0K 按钮后，系统触发主页面。 2、 性能测试包括测试系统环境和测试结果。 目前的研究提供了有力的
3、结论验证了注册系统的过程。 将来的研究应该更注意改进注册系统的方法的提高，包括关系数据库、系统界面应用和 在线注册系统。 关键字：数据库管理系统、数据模型、学生注册系统 ABSTRACT The present study has dealt with database system as an essential part of computer science education. The selection of the registration process as an application research is justified by the fact that the de
4、sign of machinery information system, which carries out the process of registration, is highly needed. It will decrease the time wasted and effort exerted by both students and registrar. It also aims to provide a safe place for keeping the students records. The research has selected Faculty of Comme
5、rce and Business Administration, Nile Valley University, Sudan, as a case study. A database was created for the implementation of the application, using VB6 for the system interface and for the report processing CR6 was used. The research methodology has adopted a description and analysis to explain
6、 the university database and the registration procedures. The study includes the following steps: A concise review about the development of database management systems is provided. Then we analyze student registration system, which includes: the E-R model with RDBMS and reiational tables of student
7、registration system and creation of database tables using Microsoft Access. Now we are ready to design, implement and perform analysis for registration system that consist of the selection of system environment, designing application using visual studio.6 for creating system interface and ADO contro
8、l to access the data stored in the database. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database. To implement the students registration system, the research has maintained the following two procedures: First: To achieve the registration system outlined in file execution:
9、 A log page, containing the information for the users ID and password. By entering the correct password and clicking on the OK button, the system invokes the main file. Second: Performance testing consists of testing system environment and testing result. The present investigation has provided usefu
10、l conclusions for demonstrating a process for the registration system, Future research should pay more consideration for the methodological advances needed to improve registration system, including the relational database, system interface application and online registration system. Keywords: Databa
11、se Management System, Data Model, Student Registration System, 学位论文独创性声明： 本人所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得 的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中 不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。与我一同工作的同事对本研 究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。如不实， 本人负全部责任。 论文作者（签名 ）： Q o v s k 2 0 0 5 年 4 月日 学位论文使用授权说明 河海大学、中国科学技术信息研究所、国家图书馆、中国学术期刊（光 盘版）电子杂志社
12、有权保留本人所送交学位论文的复印件或电子文档，可 以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。本人电子文档的内容和纸质 论文的内容相一致。除在保密期内的保密论文外，允许论文被查阅和借阅。 论文全部或部分内容的公布 (包括刊登 )授权河海大学研究生院办理。 论文作者（签名 ） ： Ss 2 0 0 5 年 4 月日 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and most importantly, I am grateful to the Almighty God for the gift of life, protection and knowledge. I am grateful to e
13、ach and every one who helped me during my stay and study here in China with their continuous encouragement for the successful completion of this present research* At the top most I am indebted to my supervisor Professor Li Ji Gau for providing logistic support to carry out this study, he made at my
14、disposal in any great ideas and material resource needed to complete this work. Many thanks also to my teacher Professor Zhong Ping and Professor Wang. I would like to thank the Director and staff of the Foreign Students Office and Post-Graduate Office for their tireless effort and contribution towa
15、rds the provision of a suitable environment for successful studies. I also wish to extend my gratitude to the Government of Sudan and the management of Nile Valley University for granting me the opportunity to pursue my studies. Special thanks to my teacher Yassir Musa Hamoda. Many people shared the
16、ir lives and thoughts with me during the whole period symbolizing cordial relationship* Help rendered by my best friend Mebarka Hakem, Elnazir Ramadan, Mohamed Jaffs and Montasir Alturky are incredible and always beyond expectations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all who helped me and
17、facilitated the completion of this dissertation but no mentioned by name, I highly acknowledge their contribution and valuable support. I could not have done this work without the financial support of both the Sudanese and Chinese governments. I deeply extend my compliments and thankfulness to the t
18、wo authorities. Last but not least, I pay deepest appreciation and gratefulness to the encouragement and moral support of my dear family and friends in Sudan and China. in 4000 BC 1800 h.HU-T i 乂 ！ l 丨 ， r- ey ; v Chapter One IntroductioD to Database Managemciit System 1.1 Background; 1.1.1 夏 ntrodu
19、ction and overview: Computers can now store all forms of information: records, documents ， images, sound recordings, videos, scientific data, and many new data formats* We have made great strides in capturing, storing, managing, analyzing, and visualizing this data. These tasks are generically calle
20、d data management. Data management systems capture, manage, and analyze data. These systems typically have huge quantities of data representing the historical records or an organization. These databases grow by accretion. It is important that the old data and applications continue to work as new dat
21、a and applications are added to the systems. The systems change technology slowly. Indeed many of the larger database systems in operation today were designed several decades ago and are evolving with technology. A historical perspective helps to understand current systems. Figure 1.1: The six gener
22、ations of data management, evolving from manual methods, through several stages of automated data management. 1960 1980 2000 Manual Processing - Paper ana Pencil ： |Hg piical-Punched caro Stored Program - sequential record processing Online - Navigational Set Processing Nonprocedural - Relational I
23、麵 lti_Media Internetwork Figure 1*1 There have been six distinct phases in data management. Initially, data was manually processed. The next step used punched-card equipment and electro-mechanical computers to sort and tabulate millions of records. The third phase stored data on magnetic tape and us
24、ed stored program computers to perform batch processing on sequential files. The fourth phase introduced the concept of a database schema and online navigational access to the data. The fifth step automated access to rdational databases and added distributed and client-server processing. We are now
25、in the early stages of sixth generation systems that store much richer kinds of data: documents, images, voice, and video data. 1.1J2 Historical perspective: the six generations of data management: (i) Zeros generation: Record Managers 4000BC -1900 Record keeping goes back thousands of years. Indeed
26、, the first known writing describes the royal assets and taxes in Sumeria. The next six thousand years witnessed a technological evolution from clay tablets to papyrus to parchment and then to paper. There were many innovations in data representation: phonetic alphabets, radix representation of numb
27、ers, novels, ledgers and even libraries. But, all the information processing in this era had been manual. IEEE Computer 29 (10): 38-46 (1996) (ii) First Generation: Record Managers 1900 -1955 The first practical programmable information processing began circa 1800 with the Jacquards Loom that produc
28、ed fabric from programs represented by punched cards. Similar technology was later used for player pianos. In 1890, Hollerith used punched card technology to perform the US census. Each data record was represented as binary patterns on a punched card cards. Hollerith company produced equipment that
29、could record data on cards. Other equipment could sort and tabulate the cards J. Shurkin, W-W, Norton & Co, J984.J. Holleriths business was renamed IBM, This small company prospered as it supplied unit-record equipment for business and government between 】 90 and 1960. The system had a record for ea
30、ch household and then tabulated counts for blocks, census tracts, congressional districts, and states. By 1955, many companies had entire floors dedicated to storing punched cards, much as the Sumerian archives had stored clay tablets. Other floors contained banks of card punches, sorters, and tabul
31、ators. These computers were programmed by rewiring the machine with a punch-board that controlled some accumulator registers and that could selectively reproduce cards onto other cards or onto paper. Large companies were processing and generating millions of records each night. This would have been
32、impossible with manual techniques. Still, it was clearly time for a new technology to replace punched cards and electro-mechanical computers. (iii) Second generation: programmed unit record equipment 1955-1970 Stored program electronic computers had been developed in the I940Ts and early 1950rs for
33、scientific and numerical calculations. At about the same time, Uni vac had developed a magnetic tape that could store as much information as ten thousand cards: giving huge improvements in space? time, convenience, and reliability. These new computers could process hundreds of records per second, an
34、d they could fit in a small part of the space occupied by the unit-record equipment. A key component of this new technology was that the computers were relatively easy to program and use. It was much easier to sort? analyze, and process the data with languages like COBOL and RPG* Indeed, standard pa
35、ckages began to emerge for common business applications like general-ledger, payroll, inventory control, subscription management, banking, and document libraries. The responses to these new technologies were predictable, large businesses recorded even more information, and demanded faster and faster
36、 equipment* As prices declined, even medium-sized businesses began to use computers capture transactions on cards or tape and to process these transactions against a tape-based inventory file. The software of the day provided a file-oriented record processing model. Typical programs sequentially rea
37、d several input files and produced new files as output. COBOL and several other programming languages were designed to make it easy to define these record-oriented sequential tasks. Operating systems provided the file abstraction to store these records, a job control language to run the jobs, and a
38、job scheduler to manage the workflow. IEEE Computer 29(10): 38-46(1996) (iv) Third generation; online network databases 1965-1980 Applications like stock-markets and travel reservations systems must know the current database state. They cannot use off-line batch transaction processing rather they ne
39、eded immediate access to the current state of the database. Several technologies were key to enabling this innovation. First was the hardware and software to connect interactive computer terminals to a computer. These terminals evolved from teletypes to simple CRT displays and finally to the intelli
40、gent terminals of today based on PC technology. The early networks that connected the terminals to the server evolved to todays corporate intranets. Teleprocessing monitors like IBMs CICS and IMS provided the specialized software to multiplex thousands of terminals onto the modest computers of the d
41、ay. These TP monitors were designed to collect request messages from a terminal, quickly dispatch programs to process each message, and then dispatch the response back to the requesting terminal. Online transaction processing augmented the batch transaction processing that performed background repor
42、ting tasks. The shared databases were stored on magnetic disks or drums that provided sub-second access to any data item. This allowed programs to read a record, update it, and then return the new value to the online user. Initially, the systems provided simple record lookup: either by record number
43、 or associative lookup via a record key. The more convenient set-oriented record mode! soon augmented the simple indexed-sequential record organization* It was very common for applications to relate two or more records. Managing associative access and set-oriented processing was so common that the C
44、OBOL committee chartered a Data Base Task Group (DBTG) to define a standard way to define and access such data. Charlie Bachman received the Turing award for leading this effort. In his Turing lecture, he described the evolution from flat-file models to the new world where programs could navigate am
45、ong records by following the relationships among the records C.W. Bachman, CACM 16,11，Nov. 1973. These developments crystallized the concept of schemas and data independence. They showed the need to hide the physical details of record layouts* Programs should see only the logical organization of rec
46、ords and relationships. Records, fields, and relationships not used by the program should be hidden for security reasons, and to insulate the program from the inevitable changes to the database design over time. Databases support: A logical schema is the global logicaJ design of the database records
47、 and relationships among records, The physical schema describes the physical layout of the database records on storage devices and files, and the indices needed to support the logical relationships. Each application is given a sub-schema exposing just the subset of the logical schema used by the pro
48、gram. The logical-physical-sub-schema mechanism provided data independence. Indeed, many programs written in that era are still running today using the same sub-schema, even though the logical and physical schemas have evolved to completely new designs. These online systems had to solve the problem
49、of running many concurrent transactions against a database shared among many terminal users. Prior to this, the single-program-at-atime old- master new-master approach eliminated concurrency and recovery problems. These systems pioneered the concept of transactions that lock just the records that they touched. This allowed concurrent transactions to access different records. The systems also kept a log of the records that each transaction changed. If the