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1、专题十一简单句的种类学前自测（发现考点）( )1. He needs your help. You _ and give him a hand.A. should to stay B. shouldnt stay C. ought not stay D. ought to stay( )2. Excuse me, can I smoke here?No, _.A. you mustnt B. youd not better C. you can D. youd better not to( )3. _ useful advice you gave us!A. What a B. How a C
2、. What D. How( )4. Mum, must I finish the homework tonight? No, _. It is Saturday and you can finish later.A. you must B. youd not better C. you mustnt D. you dont have to( )5. _ will the next bus come, do you know? In five minutes.A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How far( )6. You wont follow
3、his example, will you? _. I dont think he is right.A. No, I wont B. Yes, I will C. No, I will D. Yes, I wont( )7. Subway Line 6 and Line 2 will be built in our city in the coming four years. Wow! _ news!A. What exciting B. How exciting C. What an exciting D. How an exciting( )8. Must we collect the
4、waste paper and bottles now? _. You can do it after class.A. Yes, you must. B. No, you neednt. C. Yes, you may. D. No, you mustnt.( )9. Its great! Your daughters finished the homework, _?A. has she B. isnt she C. hasnt she D. does she( )10. _ the map and tell me where Shanghai is.A. Look at B. Looks
5、 at C. Look around D. Looking at常考考点知识清单（研习考点）考点一 陈述句陈述句用来陈述事实或看法,一般用降调,句末用句点。 陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。1. 肯定句肯定句的基本结构为“主语+系动词+表语”或“主语+谓语+其他”。My brother is a bus driver. 我的哥哥是一名公共汽车司机。2. 否定句(1) 如果句子中含有 be 动词、助动词或情态动词,在它们之后直接加上 not 构成否定形式。The girl isnt studying in the classroom. 那个女孩没有在教室里学习。(2) 如果句子的谓语动词是实义动词,其
6、否定形式为:助动词 do/ does/ did+not+实义动词(原形)。Mike doesnt have a brother. 迈克没有哥哥。(3) 除了 not 以外,还有一些可以构成否定式的否定词,如:no ( =not any / not a), no one, never, nothing, no-body, neither, none。I have never been abroad. 我从来没有去过国外。(4) 句子中含有 little, few, seldom, hardly 时,表示部分否定。I can hardly sing English songs. 我几乎不会唱英文歌
7、曲。(5) 当 all, both, each, everyone, everything, everywhere, always 等表示总括意义的词和 not 连用时,表示部分否定。Not all the girls like bright colours. 不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色。注意:如果肯定句中含有 some, somebody, someone, something, somewhere, already, 变为否定句时,要分别改为 any, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, yet。考点二 感叹句感叹句是用来表达说话人对于某人、某物或
8、某件事表示赞美、惊讶、喜悦、气愤或悲哀等语气的句子,这类句子有强烈的感情,句尾用感叹号。 感叹句通常由 how 或 what 引出。1. 如果对句子中的名词或名词词组表示感叹,用 what 引导。(1) What+a/ an+adj. +单数名词+主语+谓语(+其他成份)! 其中主语和谓语可以省略。What an interesting book (it is)! 多有趣的一本书啊!(2) What+adj. +名词复数/ 不可数名词+主语+谓语(+其他成份)! 其中主语和谓语可以省略。What beautiful flowers they are! 多漂亮的花啊!2. 如果对句子中的形容词、
9、副词或动词表示感叹,用 how 引导。(1) How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语(+其他成份)!How hard the people are working! 这些人们工作多努力啊!(2) How+主语+谓语!How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!考点三 疑问句用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句,句末须用问号。 疑问句包括:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句等。1. 一般疑问句能用 yes 或 no 回答的问句叫一般疑问句,读时用升调。 一般疑问句主要有以下三种形式:(1) be+主语+其他?Is your sister a nurse? 你姐姐是护士吗?(2) 情态
10、动词+主语+谓语+其他?Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗?(3) 助动词+主语+谓语+其他?Have your friends ever visited your home? 你的朋友们曾经拜访过你家吗?2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是指由特殊疑问词(组)引导的疑问句,句末多读降调,回答时要根据具体情况作出回答,不能用yes 或 no。 特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?(1) 疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句常用的疑问代词有:what, who, which, whose, whom。What is the girl doing? 这个女孩正在做
11、什么?(2) 疑问副词引导的特殊疑问句常用的疑问副词有:when, where, why, how。Where is your pen pal from? 你的笔友来自哪里?(3) 疑问词引导的特殊疑问句常用的疑问词组有:A. what/ which/ whose+名词。What colour is your new coat? 你的新外套是什么颜色的?B. how + adj. / adv. 构成的疑问短语有:how many, how much, how old, how tall, how long, how often, how soon, how far。How often do y
12、ou do exercise? 你多久锻炼一次?3. 选择疑问句选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句,用 or 连接,or 前用升调,or 后用降调。选择疑问句可用完整的句子或省略句回答所选情况,而不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。 选择疑问句的构成有两种情况:(1) 一般疑问句+or+被选择的部分+其他?Do you like football or basketball? 你喜欢足球还是篮球?I like basketball. 我喜欢篮球。(2) 特殊疑问句+A or B?Which do you like better, apples or pears?
13、 你更喜欢哪一类,苹果还是梨?I like apples better. 我更喜欢苹果。4. 反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。 附加问句部分要与前面陈述句用逗号隔开,句末用问号。 附加部分的主语需用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要一致。 反意疑问句的用法如下:(1) 主句为肯定陈述句时,附加问句部分用否定形式,且必须用缩写形式。The girl went to school late yesterday, didnt she? 那个女孩昨天上学迟到了,对不对?(2) 主句为否定陈述句时,附加问句部分用肯定形式。He didnt ea
14、t anything, did he? 他没有吃任何东西,对吗?(3) 当陈述句部分主语是指示代词 that, this 或不定代词 something, everything, nothing 时,附加部分用 it。Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了,对不对?(4) 当陈述部分主语是 everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, somebody, someone 时,附加部分可用 they,也可用 he。Everybody likes the new teacher, dont they? 大家都喜欢这位新老师,对不对?S
15、omeone knows the answer, doesnt he? 有人知道答案,对不对?(5) 当陈述句部分是“there be”结构时,附加疑问句部分的主语用 there。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的手表有毛病了,对不对?(6) 当陈述部分含有否定前缀的词时,仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it? 这是不可能的,对不对?(7) 以 lets 开头的祈使句,附加问句应用 shall we;其他形式的祈使句,无论是肯定还是否定祈使句,附加问句
16、都可用 will you。Lets go home now, shall we? 现在咱们回家吧,好吗?注意: 以 let us 开头的祈使句,附加问句应用 will you。eg: Let us have a rest now, will you? 现在让我们休息一会儿,好吗?(8) 当陈述部分的主句是 I think/ believe/ suppose 等结构时,问句部分则往往与 that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。I think he is asleep, isnt he? 我认为他睡着了,是不是?(9) 反意疑问句的回答在回答反意疑问句时肯定用 yes,后跟肯定的陈述;否定用 n
17、o,后跟否定的陈述。 如果反意疑问句是前否后肯的形式,回答中 yes 翻译成“不”;no 翻译成“是的”。Mary sings well, doesnt she? 玛丽唱得很好,是不是?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 不,她唱得很好。 / 是的,她唱得不好。巧学妙记: 前肯后否是习惯,前否后肯也常见。 尾句 not 若出现,必须缩写是习惯。 还有一点需注意,短语代词作主语。回答反意疑问句,答语含义是依据。肯定陈述用 yes,否定陈述用 no 替。考点四 祈使句祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。 祈使句一般以动词原形开头,无时态和数的
18、变化,句末用句点或感叹号,读时用降调,在祈使句的句首或句末加上 please,以使语气更加委婉客气。 祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。1. 肯定祈使句(1) 动词原形+其他。Open the door, please. 请打开门。(2) Lets+动词原形+其他。Lets go to the park this Sunday. 这个星期天咱们去公园吧。2. 否定祈使句(1) Dont+动词原形+其他。Dont play football on the road! 不要在马路上踢足球!(2) Let sb. not+动词原形+其他。Lets not make so much noise here.
19、咱们不要在这大声吵闹。(3) Never+动词原形+其他。Never be late for school. 上学绝不可迟到。3. 祈使句的回答因为祈使句通常表示将来要发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 wont。Dont forget to do your homework. 不要忘记做你的作业。I wont. 我不会忘记的。巩固训练（夯实基础）一、单项选择( )1. Mum had nothing for supper tonight, _? No. She didnt feel like _ anything.A. had she; eating B. hadnt she
20、; to eat C. did she; eating D. didnt she; to eat( )2. _ did Tom say when you told him the news? Nothing.A. How B. What C. Which D. Why( )3. _ the little boy looks! Yes. He cant find his mum.A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly( )4. Lets go boating, _? OK.A. will you B. wont you C. shall
21、 we D. will we( )5. Have you read todays morning paper? Not _. Whats the latest news about hand-foot-and-mouth disease?A. only B. yet C. ever D. just( )6. _ make this mistake again, Jack. Sorry. I _.A. Dont; wont B. Dont be; wont C. Dont be; dont D. Dont; will( )7. Did you go fishing _ swimming yest
22、erday? Neither. I went shopping.A. and B. or C. but D. so( )8. _ do you go to school, by bike or by bus? By bike.A. What B. When C. How D. Why( )9. There are always many volunteers in Olympic Games, _? Yes. Many hands make light work.A. arent there B. are there C. arent they D. are they( )10. There
23、is enough fruit for us, _? _. We need to get some.A. isnt there; No B. isnt it; Yes C. is there; No D. isnt it; No二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. _ (how a) fast China is developing!Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country.2. Mum, can I play computer games this evening?_ (finish) your homework first, an
24、d then well talk about it.3. He seldom came here, _ (does) he?4. Dont forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _ (would) you?5. _ (does) she sleep well last night?6. _ (What) clever dog Lucky is! It can understand Mr Smiths orders.7. _ (often) do you brush your teeth? Twice or more a day.8. I always hate _ (be) late for school.9. Be careful! _ (Do) go too high.10. Which do you like _ (well), skating or skiing?答案：学前自测1-5 DACDB6-10 AABCA巩固训练一、1-5 CBACB6-10 ABCAA二、1. How2. Finish3. did4. will5. Did6. What a7. How often8. being9. Dont10. better