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1、形容词和副词一、形容词基本用法 1.形容词放在名词前作定语 Eg:a good boy an old man a beautiful girl2.形容词修饰不定代词要后置Eg:something interesting , nothing important3.表示长(long)、宽(wide)、高(tall)、深(deep)、年龄(old)等词,应该置于名词之后Eg:He is 10 years old. =He is a 10-year-old boy. The river is 20 meters wide. =It is a 20-meter-wride river. The buil
2、ding is 5 hundred meters tall. =It is a 500-meter-tall building.4.只能做表语,不能做前置定语的形容词 alone、asleep、alive、awake、afraid、ill5. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词时,形容词排列顺序 限定词一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词+名词 口诀:限冠形龄色国材。或限定描绘大长高,颜色国籍和材料。6. The+adj 表示一类人 The old 老人 The bad 坏人 The rich 有钱人 The poor 穷人
3、 The young 年轻人 The deaf 聋人 The blind 盲人 The disabled 残疾人2、 形容词和副词原级常用句型1. it 做形式主语的两种句式 (1)Its +adj+for sb to do sth 表示:对于某人来说做某事是怎样的 该句式中adj用来形容事物(to do sth)常用形容词:important,impossible,interesting,necessary,useful,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard等。(2)Its +adj+of sb to do sth 表示:某人做某事是怎样的 该句式中adj用来形容人(s
4、b) 常用形容词: kind,good,clever,nice,polite,friendlycareful,careless,foolish,silly等。2. sb find it+adj to do sth.表示:某人发现做某事是怎样的Eg:I find it important to learn English well.3.A+be+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实意动词+as+副词原级表示:A和B一样.Eg:Lucy is as tall as Lily. Lucy runs as fast as Lily.否定:A +be+not+as(so)+形容词原级+as+B A+助动词+
5、not+动词原形+as+副词原形+as+B 表示:A不如B.Eg: Lucy isnt as tall as Lily. Lucy doesnt run as fast as Lily.4.主语+谓语动词+so+形容词/副词+that从句 主语+谓语动词+such+名词+that从句 表示:如此.以至于.Eg:She is so lovely that everyone likes her. =She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her. It is so good an idea that we all agree.=It is suc
6、h a good idea that we all agree.5.主语+谓语动词+too+形容词/副词+to do sth 表示:太.而不能 但是,当too前有only,but,all修饰时,不再表示否定,而是很,非常的意思Eg:He is too young to go to school. 他太小了还不能上学 I am only too happy to see you . 我见到你实在是太高兴了7. 主语+谓语动词+形容词/副词+enough to do sth 表示:主语足够.做某事 Eg:He is old enough to go to school. He drives fas
7、t enough to catch the bus.形容词和副词比较级1、 原级变比较级和最高级变化规则 规则变化(1) 一般情况下在词尾直接加er/est(2) 以不发音的e结尾的加r/st(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+es(4) 以重读闭音节结尾的辅元辅结构的,双写尾字母加er/est(5) 部分双音节和多音节,前加more/mostTips:(1)slow,low,few,new,narrow,clever ,直接加er/est,不双写尾字母(2) 两个音节的形容词,如果词尾是典型的形容词词尾,有明显的标示词类的功能,保留词尾不变,在前面加more/most.Eg:helpfu
8、l,useless,famous,serious,active,crowded,loving等以-ful,-less,-ous,-ive,-ed,-ing结尾的都是形容词词尾不规则变化good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostfarfarther(距离远)/further(程度深)farthest/furthestoldolder(老的,旧的)/elder(年长的)oldest/eldestlittleless(较少)least不规则变化口诀:合二为一共三对,坏病两多并两好,一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老还有一词含义多,只记少来不
9、记小2、 比较级用法1. A+be+形容词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B.Eg:Lucy is taller than Lily.2. A+实意动词+副词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B.Eg:Lucy runs slower than Lily.3. A+be+修饰词+形容词比较级+than+B A+实意动词+修饰词+副词比较级+than+B表示:A比B.的多/少修饰比较级的词:much,little,a little,a bit,a lot,even,still,far,any,ratherEg:Lucy is much taller than LilyLucy runs a lit
10、tle slower than Lily 4. A+谓语动词+数字+单位名词复数+than+B 表示:A比B.多少(比较明确) Eg:Lucy is 2 cm taller than Lily.Lily is two years younger than Lucy5. 主语+谓语动词+比较级+and+比较级表示:主语越来越. Eg:Lucy is taller and taller The boy studies harder and harderTips:多音节时,more and more +多音节形容词Eg:She is more and more beautiful.6. The+比较
11、级.,the+比较级. 表示:主语越.越. Eg:The harder you study,the higher grades you will get.The more exercise you do ,the healthier you will be.7. 主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of+表示两者的名词 表示:两者中比较.的 Eg:Lucy is the taller of the twins She is the more beautiful of the two girls.8. Which(物)/Who(人)+谓语动词+比较级,A or B? 表示:A和B谁更.Eg:Whi
12、ch is heavier,the elephant or the tiger? Who runs faster,Lucy or Lily?9. 比较级表达最高级 主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+名词单数 主语+谓语动词+比较级+than the other+名词复数 表示:主语比任何人(物)都.Eg:Lucy runs faster than any other student in her class. =Lucy runs fater than the other students in her class.10. 倍数的表达方式 A+谓语动词+数字+times(两
13、倍用twice)+比较级+than+B 表示:A比B大几倍 A+谓语动词+数字+times+as +原级+as+B表示:A是B的几倍Eg:This room is twice bigger than that one =This room is three times as big as that one The rabbit runs three times faster than the turtle. =The rabbit runs four times as fast as the turtle.11. 比较级中that和those/指代同类不同范围的物Eg:The populati
14、on of China is larger than that of America.The cities of China are much more than those of America.3、 最高级用法1. 主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围 主语+实意动词+(the)副词最高级+in/of+范围 表示:在.中主语是最.Tips:当比较对象和范围同类时用of,不同类时用inEg:He is the oldest in his class. (he和class属于不同类,所以用in) He jumps(the)highest of the boys. (he和boys
15、属于同类,所以用of)2. Which/who+谓语动词+the+形容词/副词最高级,A,B orC? 表示:谁是最.的A,B还是C?Eg:Which is the most important,English ,Chinese or Math?3.主语+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数+in/of+范围表示:主语是最.之一Eg:She is one of the tallest girls in her class.4.主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in/of+范围表示:主语是第最.Eg:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.5.This is /was the +形容词最高级+名词单数+that定从句Eg:This is the most difficult problem that I have ever met. 这是我遇到过的最难的问题Tips:(1) 形容词比较级前不加the,当强调两者中比较怎么样的时,要加the。(2) 形容词最高级前要加the,但是当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不能再加the。(3) 副词最高级前the可加可不加。