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1、热点03 短文填空之自由填空【命题趋势】短文填空中的自由填空一般在一篇200250字左右的短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。【满分技巧】1、从语法方面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方
2、面考虑如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。3、从上下文的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什样的单词或短语。【热点话题】 自由填空题目一般热衷于记叙文。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2019 广东省中考）话题：生活经历难度：建议用时：5分请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. _1_ the village was v
3、ery small, I spent a whole day in it. The village became popular because _2_ Grandpa Huangs hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years _3_, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of _4_ own house and other houses. He
4、painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of _5 _, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my _6_singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to _7_ a photo of that painting a
5、nd me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted _8_ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy _9_. I really had a good time in the village _10_wished to visit it again. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _【答案与解析】1Althoug
6、h/Though 此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。此句意为“虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面度过了一天的时光。”2. of 短语because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huangs hard work是名词短语。3. ago 结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为“以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。4. his 结合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用his。5. animals 结合空格后的“such
7、 as cats and birds”，此处指很多动物的画。6. favo(u)rite 结合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to. a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜爱的歌手。7. take 短语take a photo of.意为“给拍照片”。此处指给“我”和那幅画拍一张照片。8. a 短语a lot of意为“很多”。9. life 结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意为“过着长寿且幸
8、福的生活”。10. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。B（2019 岳阳市中考）话题： 音乐怡情难度：建议用时：5分根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Music is good for us. According to the new study (研究) from the World Health Organization (WHO), music can _1_ us happier and healthier. For example, when I feel tired, listening to some classical music
9、 helps me relax. When Im down, I prefer pop music _2_ of hope and energy (能量). _3_ is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music. Some doctors have found a factpeople _4_ love music may live longer.Near my neighborhood, a man and _5_ wife own a small music house with mood music (情调音乐). Teenagers lik
10、e to spend time here while musicians are _6_ different kinds of music. Sometimes, we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written _7_ themselves. The songs are _8_ beautiful that we sing along with them. We communicate with one another in this special language. The most moving music is C
11、hinese folk music. It _9_ only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories.Every one of us, rich or poor, young or old, may have at _10_ one favorite song. Music will be together with us forever.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _【答案与解析】很多人都喜欢音乐，有一项研究也表明，音乐可以使人们更快乐、更健
12、康。音乐的类型有很多，不同的人喜欢的类型也是不一样的。短文中作者给我们介绍了他不同时刻喜欢的不同音乐，还提到了他家附近的一个音乐馆。1. make 句意：根据世界卫生组织的一项新研究，音乐能使我们更快乐、更健康。根据句意和空后us happier and healthier可知，这里应表示“使怎么样”，应用使用动词make，空前有情态动词can，故这里填动词原形make。2. full 句意：当我情绪低落的时候，我喜欢充满希望和能量的流行音乐。根据句意和空后的of可知，这里考查短语full of充满。故这里填full。3. It 句意：对于我来说听轻音乐很容易就能睡着。这句话使用的句型是It
13、is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故这里应填It。4. who 句意：一些医生发现了一个事实喜爱音乐的人可能更长寿。根据句子结构可知，love music是一个定语从句，修饰名词people，指人，故应填关系代词who，在从句中作主语。5. his 句意：在我住的附近，一个男人和他的妻子拥有一个小的音乐屋，里面有情调音乐。根据句意可知，这个空指代那个男人的妻子，故应填形容词性物主代词his，意为“他的”。6. singing 句意：青少年们喜欢来这里消磨时间，同时音乐家唱着各种各样的音乐。根据句意music
14、ians are different kinds of music可知，这里应表示“演唱”，while引导的时间状语从句中使用的是现在进行时，故这里填现在分词singing。7. by 句意：有时候我们会非常幸运听到一些著名的歌手演唱他们自己写的歌。根据句意songs written“被写的歌”，这里应填介词by，表示“被”。8. so 句意：这些歌曲如此优美以至于我们都会跟着一起唱。根据句意和句子结构可知，这句话中使用的是句型sothat如此以至于，引导结果状语从句，故这里填so。9. not 句意：它不仅使我们想起了过去的好时光，而且给我们带来了甜美的回忆。根据句意可知，这句话中使用了连词
15、短语not onlybut also，意为“不但而且”，因此这里应填not。10. least 句意：我们每一个人，不管富有还是贫穷，年轻还是年老，可能都至少有一首最喜欢的歌。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语at least，意为“至少”，故这里应填least。C（2019 重庆市B卷）话题： 文化风俗难度：建议用时：10分Youve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But dont be fooled into thin
16、king you can_1_anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners_2_China should never say. Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (晒黑的)! While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains_3_umbrellas are j
17、ust as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.I really love China, butDont finish that_4_. No place can be perfect. Its fine if you say something impolite about your_5_country, but dont do it about someone elses. This doesnt just happen in China, but its fair to say the Chinese people s
18、how more love to their country. I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.Whats that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is_6_or ice is cold. Its wont hurt anybody, but they may think you know_7_about their food culture
19、. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most. Keep them in mind and_8_your stay in China!1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _【答案与解析】【文章大意】短文介绍了外国游客在中国不应该说的一些话。例如：“你度假了吗？你看起来很黑！”、“我真的很喜欢中国，但是”、“我认为中国食物是世界上最好的食物。”同时文章也暗示我们，
20、每个国家都有自己国家的习俗，一定要入乡随俗。1. say 句意：但不要愚昧地认为你对他们想说什么就说什么。根据后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners_1_China should never say.”可知，短文介绍了外国人在中国最忌讳说的一些话，不是想说什么就说什么，情态动词say后跟动词原形，故答案为say。2. in 句意：这里有一些外国人在中国不应该说的话。in China在中国，故答案为in。3. why 句意：这就解释了为什么雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见。explain“解释”，中国人不喜欢皮肤黑，在晴天也打着雨伞，这也是雨伞在晴天和雨天一样常见的
21、原因，故答案为why。4. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要说出那样的话（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but”，是一句抱怨的话，故答案为sentence(complaint)。5. own 句意：如果你对自己的国家说些不礼貌的话没关系。在形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。6. sweet 句意：说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样。根据“ice is cold”判断，此处是让你说出事物的属性特征，糖给我们的印象肯定会是甜的，故答案为sweet。7. nothing/little 句
22、意：但他们可能会认为你对他们的饮食文化一无所知。根据前面的句意“说你喜欢中国菜，就像说出糖很甜或冰很冷一样”理解可知，好像说出这样的话跟没说一样，会让中国人认为自己对他们的饮食文化一无所知。故答案为nothing/little。8. enjoy 句意：要记住它们，祝你在中国过得愉快！并列连词and前后连接的是两个祈使句，需要填写动词原形，短文是写给外国游客的，最后要献上祝福的话：祝您在中国过得愉快！enjoy“享受的乐趣，过得快活”。D（2019 重庆市A卷）话题：人际交往难度：建议用时：10分I recently turned 30. Thinking back what Ive exper
23、ienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.TrustEven if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. _1_ people even if they give you a reason not to.But dont be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.PeoplePeople are the best
24、 and _2_ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You dont need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just _3_ you help
25、them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find _4_.Value timeDont waste time on people who cheat you.Value other peoples _5_. Dont be late. That means that if youre late, you dont care about them or their time. And that also means you think youre worth more and therefore(因此) keep them _
26、6_. Some people will tell you that its OK to be late. Its not.Fail Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. _7_ please dont lose your heart! Learn a lesson.If you dont learn something when you fail, then all youve done is failed. If you learn something, then youve grown. E
27、very time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to _8_.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _【答案与解析】1. Trust 结合本段的小标题“Trust”和内容尤其是空格后表示让步关系的even if可推知，此处指即使人们给你理由让你不去信任他们，你也要去信任他们。2. worst 结合本段的后两句可推知，（遇见）不同的人会对你不同的影响，一些人会帮你走得更好或更快，一些人会拉低你的层次并让你遭受损失，故此处指（遇见不同的）人是将会发生
28、在你身上最好和最坏的事情。3. as/like 结合空格前后内容可推知，此处指你需要了不起的人，他们帮助你就像你帮助他们一样。连词as/like在此意为“如同；像一样”。4. them 此处用them指代上文提到的那些将会永远改变你的生活的极少数的人。5. time 结合本段的小标题“Value time”和空格后面的两句话可推知，此处指要珍惜他人的时间。6. waiting 结合上下文内容可推知，此处指迟到意味着你认为你值得更多并且因此让他们等你，故此处填waiting。7. But 空格前后的内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。此处指尽管在失败多次，经常失败，在交友和工作中遇到失败，但请不要失去你的信心。8. success/succeed 结合上文可推知，此处指如果你能从失败中学习并成长，那么你就更善于寻找到成功的道路。the way to success/succeed意为“成功之道”。