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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除The Tibetan plateau is a quarter of China.西藏高原的陆地面积约占中国领土的四分之一Much of it is extremely remote and inhospitable.其中的大部分极度偏远荒无人烟Its southern border runs through the worlds highest mountain range,南部边界贯穿了世界上最高的山脉the formidable Himalayas.望而生畏的喜马拉雅山Its central part is a windswept and
2、 freezing中部是暴露在风中的寒冷荒地wilderness the size of Western Europe.其面积与西欧相似But this challenging place is home to incredible wildlife.难以置信这个具有挑战性的地方竟然是野生动物的家园There are more large creatures here than anywhere else in China.这里的大型生物比中国其它任何地方还要多Tibet has been a province of China for more than 50 years,西藏加入到新中国这
3、个大家庭五十多年来yet it has a unique character,有着1000多年悠久历史的的藏传佛教shaped by over 1,000 years of Tibetan Buddhism.依旧保持着她独特的风貌This obscure and archaic-looking religion这个鲜为人知的散发着古老气息的宗教has produced one of the most enlightened cultures on Earth.孕育了这个世界上最开明的文化Here,people have a long tradition of co-existing peace
4、fully在这里人们与自然界with the creatures and landscape around them,和谐相处的悠久传统a relationship which has helped to protect their fragile environment.促进了对脆弱自然环境的保护In this programme we will discover why this harsh land with its ancient在这个节目中我们将展示这块承载着古老文化的厚重土地culture is vitally important for much of our planet.对我
5、们的地球来说是多么的重要Its the beginning of winter,初冬high up on the Tibetan plateau.高高的青藏高原之上The temperature will soon drop to minus 40 Celsius.气温会骤降到零下40摄氏度Out here,life is reduced to a single imperative - survival.在这里生命中只剩下唯一的念头 求存For the argali,the worlds largest sheep,对于这只盘羊世界上最大的羊而言it means searching for
6、a few tufts of grass.这就意味着寻找几簇草丛Descending from the hilltops to lower altitudes,从山顶到更低一些的地方the argali band together for safety.盘羊为了安全而团结在一起Hopefully, down here,theyll be able to find enough food如果顺利的话在这里能找到足够的食物to last them through the rest of the winter.以帮助它们熬过残冬Although this winter landscape looks
7、 barren and forbidden,尽管冬的大地是如此的贫瘠与荒凉Tibets remote grasslands support a surprising variety of creatures.西藏偏远的草地却养活着种类多的令人吃惊的生物Though at this time of year, they can be hard to track down.尽管每年的这个时候难以寻觅它们的踪迹By comparison,Tibets capital,Lhasa,is a hive of activity.相比之下西藏的首府拉萨却熙攘异常Lhasa is a focus for la
8、rge numbers of pilgrims拉萨是众多朝圣者的聚集地who congregate at the citys temples each day.他们每天在市内的庙宇相聚Tibet is home to over 2.5 million people,西藏供养着超过250万的人口most of whom are deeply religious.其中大部分都是虔诚的信徒Though Tibetan Buddhist worship centres on elaborate temples,statues and images,尽管西藏的佛教徒倾心于精致复杂的庙宇雕塑以及画像its
9、 beliefs are intimately linked with the wild landscapes of Tibet.他们的信仰却和西藏的野生环境密切地交织在一起The starting point for that relationship is the mountain range这种关系起源于that runs along Tibets southern border.蜿蜒在西藏南部边界的山脉Over 3,000 kilometres long,喜马拉雅山脉的长度超过了3000千米the Himalayas are Chinas real Great Wall.是中国真正意义
10、上的长城With hundreds of peaks over 7,000 metres and 13 peaks有上百个山峰的海拔超过了7000米其中十三个的海拔超过了8000米higher than 8,000 metres,they are the highest mountains on Earth.是地球上最高的山峰The Tibetan region contains over 35,000 glaciers西藏地区有3万5千个以上的冰川that cover over 100,000 square kilometres.覆盖了超过10万平方千米的土地They comprise th
11、e largest area of ice outside the polar regions,组成了除去极地之外的最大的冰区and nearly a sixth of the worlds total.接近世界冰区总面积的六分之一These glaciers are the source of most of the water in the region.冰川是这个地区大部分水流的源头And the Tibetan plateau is studded with glacial lakes.青藏高原上镶嵌着众多冰冷的湖泊At over 4,500 metres up,Lake Manasa
12、rovar坐落在西藏遥远西部海拔4500米处的玛旁雍错湖in the far west of Tibet,is the highest freshwater lake in the world.是世界上海拔最高的淡水湖In late spring,the chilly lake waters are a magnet for breeding birds.晚春时节寒冷的湖水吸引了很多繁衍的鸟儿The crested grebe woos his mate with offerings of weed for her nest.这只冠毛给它同伴衔来了杂草以此示爱Finally the honey
13、moon suite is ready for action.最终爱巢为它们圆房做好了准备The grebes are joined by the highest flying birds in the world.除了这里还有世界上飞的最高的鸟Having spent the winter south of the Himalayas,斑头鹤在喜马拉雅山的南面过冬bar-headed geese make the hazardous mountain crossing each spring每年春天都要冒险飞越巅峰to breed on the plateaus lakes.到高原的湖泊繁衍
14、生息The geese nest together for safety.为了安全它们在一起筑巢But so many chicks hatching at the same time means that it can be tricky finding your parents.但如此多的小鸟同时孵出也就意味着找到亲生父母是一个很棘手的问题Fortunately,once down at the waters edge,幸运的是一旦到了水里theres enough food for all of them.就能够找到足够的食物Fed by the mountain glaciers,凭借
15、着高山冰川the Tibetan plateau even has its own inland sea.青藏高原甚至形成了自己的内陆湖This is Qinghai Lake,青海湖Chinas largest.中国最大的内陆湖Millions of years of evaporation have concentrated the minerals in the lake,经过百万年的蒸发矿物质浓缩了在湖中turning the water salty.使水变得咸了Rich in fish,its waters attract thousands of cormorants.湖中丰富的鱼
16、资源吸引了成千上万的鸬鹚But its not just wildlife that values Tibets lakes and seas.西藏的湖泊不仅是野生动物的家园Their life-giving waters are also important to people.其间的水也使得人类的生命得以延续Tibetan religion is a unique mix of Buddhism and much older西藏的宗教是佛教与曾经在此地广为流传的Shamanic beliefs that were once widespread throughout the region.
17、古老萨满教的独特的混合体This hybrid religion forms the basis of an extraordinary relationship with nature.这种混合信仰构成了他们与自然独特关系的基础In Shamanic belief,the land is imbued with magical properties在萨满教义中这片土地被赋予了魔力which aid communication with the spirit world.使之能够帮助与精神世界进行交流Here animal skulls are decorated,and rocks are
18、carved with sacred mantras,在这里动物的头骨被装饰起来岩石也刻上了神圣的曼特拉(传统的颂歌)groups of syllables that are considered to have spiritual power.人们认为那些音节拥有精神的力量The reciting of the mantras is believed to create a magical sound人们相信诵读这些曼特拉能够产生魔音that reverberates through the universe.在宇宙中回响The landscape is decorated with mul
19、ti-coloured flags which大地被分别代表了金木水火土五种元素的represent the five elements - fire,wood,earth,water and iron.多彩的经幡装饰着The flags are printed with prayers to purify the air and pacify the gods,经幡上印着祷文用以净化空气安抚神灵and the wind blows the prayers to heaven.而风会把这些祈祷带向天堂。The poles on which the prayer flags are mounte
20、d are regularly replenished with fresh flags.印着祷文的经幡所装裱的番杆经常会被换上新的经幡The old flags are treasured. Those nearest the top of the pole而旧的经幡很是珍贵那些最接近番杆顶部的are the most auspicious,so competition for these can get fierce!经幡更是象征着吉祥如意所以经幡的争夺可能会很激烈The golden dome,which is mounted right at the top of the prayer
21、 pole,番杆顶部的金顶is the most sacred object of all.是所有物体当中最神圣的Or it will be,once its retrieved.至少一旦它被降下来之后是这样。The old Shamanic beliefs of Tibet ascribed magical powers to the landscape.古老的萨满教把魔法的力量归功于这片土地.But theres a far more tangible source of power here但这里还有的更多可以感知的力量which owes nothing at all to magic
22、.却和魔法没有一丁点关系Strewn across the plateau are boiling thermal springs,散布于高原上的是滚烫的温泉the evidence of mighty natural forces这是在这里有百万年历史的which have been at work over millions of years.浑厚的自然力量存在的证据Deep below the surface,the vast continental plates在地下深处巨大的亚洲板块和of Asia and India are crashing into each other.印度板
23、块互相冲击The turmoil below erupts in clouds of sulphurous steam.地下的混乱状态使大量含硫的蒸汽喷薄而出It seems unlikely that scalding mineral springs should support life.由滚烫的矿物泉来孕育生命听起来并不太可能But one unlikely creature thrives here precisely because of them.但确实有种不寻常的生物因之而繁衍兴旺The hot spring snake is unique to Tibet这种温泉蛇是西藏所特有
24、的and is believed to have survived the inhospitable conditions up人们把它在高原艰苦环境存活下来的原因on the plateau principally thanks to this natural central heating.主要归功于这里的天然地热These cold-blooded snakes hang out in streams and rivers which are fed这些冷血的蛇在由温泉形成的溪流中游弋by the hot springs,where they enjoy a surprisingly p
25、roductive lifestyle.在温泉中它们无忧无虑的生活着Slipping into the warm water,they wait patiently,bobbing their heads on the look-out for fish.滑进温暖的水中耐心地等待脑袋在水面上下疾动静等鱼儿上钩Thanks to its unlikely relationship with the volcanic forces which built the Himalayas,正由于与形成喜马拉雅山的火山的不寻常关系the hot spring snake is able to surviv
26、e.温泉蛇才得以生存在at altitudes up to 4,500 metres,海拔4500米的地方making it the highest-living snake in the world.这使它成为了世界上过着“最奢侈”的生活的蛇The slow-motion crash between Asia and India亚洲和印度板块之间的缓慢运动has been going on for 30 million years.已经持续了3千万年之久。The Himalayas are the crumple-zone created by these two colliding lan
27、dmasses,喜马拉雅山脉就是这两个大陆板块撞击后的结果a bewildering maze of mountains and valleys,它是一个山峦和山谷的迷宫home to elusive wild creatures.也是各种难以捉摸的野生动物的家园In this rugged and unforgiving terrain,在这个多岩的恶劣环境中littered with fractured rock and ice cold rivers,散落着各种碎石和冰冷的河流the slightest miscalculation may have fatal consequences
28、.极微小的失误也可能导致致命的后果The snow leopard is the worlds highest-living big cat.雪豹是世界上居住的海拔最高的猫科动物But theres another,smaller predator that ranges even higher,但这里还有一种更小的食肉动物它居住在海拔更高的地方almost to the roof of the world.几乎是在世界之巅At a mind-numbing 8,848 metres high,在令人目眩的海拔8848米的高度看Everest is one of the most hostil
29、e places for life on Earth.珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最危险的地方之一Hundreds of people have died trying to conquer it.数百人在试图征服它的尝试中死于非命But when climbers first reached the ice fields three quarters of the way但当攀登者们第一次完成登山之路的四分之三的之时up the mountain,something had already beaten them to it.有种生物早已在这方面打败了他们。This jumping spider is
30、 the highest permanent resident on the planet.这种跳蜘蛛是地球上海拔最高的永久居住民Totally at home amongst the glaciers of Everest,在珠穆朗玛峰的冰川之中it scours the slopes for wind-borne prey such as springtails.它在斜坡上四处搜索靠风飞行的猎物比如弹尾虫。Chinese call this fierce little hunter the fly tiger.中国人把这种小而凶猛的猎食者成为“飞虎”Jumping spiders are
31、found all over the world.跳蜘蛛在世界各地都有分布Their eight eyes include an oversized central pair,他们的八对眼睛中有一对很大which act like powerful binoculars to spot potential victims.像双筒望远镜一样四处搜寻潜在的目标They use hydraulic pressure to work their legs like pistons,他们利用水压使腿像活塞一样catapulting up to 30 times their own body length
32、.可以弹跳到30倍于他们体长的高度The ideal way to get around in rocky terrain.这是在山地中行走的理想方法But like all mountaineers,they always secure a safety line first.但像其他的登山者一样他们也总是先确认哪里是“安全线”A springtail grazes on detritus,一个弹尾虫正盯着碎石屑unaware that its being stalked by such an acrobatic predator.对这个耍杂技般的掠夺者的潜行跟踪浑然不觉The Tibeta
33、ns call Everest Qomolangma,藏民们把珠穆朗玛峰称为“Qomolangma(珠穆朗玛)”meaning mother of the world.意为“大地之母”Its a mark of their affection for the mountain,however brutal it may appear.这象征着他们对山的热爱而不管山看起来多么的冷酷无情Venture further from the mountains and out onto the open plateau,从高山一直到广阔的平原都充满危险and life doesnt appear to
34、get any easier.在这里活下去并不容易High winds scour the landscape风在大地上急速穿过and temperaturescan drop from baking to freezing in moments.气温也可以从酷热难当骤降到冰冷入骨This is the Chang Tang or Northern Grassland.这里是羌塘或叫北部草原Its so remote that its been called the Third Pole.它远离人烟，被称为“世界第三极”Its about 5,000 metres above sea leve
35、l,这里海拔超过5000米way above the point at which altitude sickness starts to affect humans.远远超出了人们会有高原反应的高度At this height,most people are gasping for breath.在这个高度下大部分人都要不停地喘气But lack of oxygen hasnt cramped this creatures style.但缺少氧气却对这种生物没多大影响Chiru,or Tibetan antelope,have arrived for the winter rut.长角羚或叫
36、藏羚羊已经到了冬季的发情期。In the energy-sapping thin air,the males must try to control在这样耗能的稀薄空气当中雄性还必须经常地围着groups of females by constantly rounding them up and corralling them.成群的雌性跑以使她们在自己的控制之下。But the chiru have an advantage.但是藏羚羊也有优势Their red blood cell count is twice as high as ours,他们的红血球数量是我们的两倍sufficien
37、t to supply their muscles with oxygen即使在如此高的纬度也足以为他们的even at this extreme altitude.肌肉输送氧气Nevertheless,its hard work keeping his harem in check,然而想要控制住这么一大群家眷并不容易，and the males life is about to get even harder.甚至有时雄性的生活会更加艰难。Another male is gearing up to steal his females.另一只雄性垂涎于它的家眷们With their rapi
38、er-like horns,the males wont risk fighting unless they really have to.除非逼不得已雄性一般不会冒险用它们剑一样锋利的角搏斗。But if neither backs down,conflict is inevitable.但如果双方都不退让大战就不可避免。Some of these fights end in death.有时甚至不死不休While the males fence,the females look on.在雄性抵抗的时候雌性就在一旁看着。Injured and weakened by the battle,t
39、he loser will be an easy target虚弱受伤的失败者很容易成为在荒原上游弋的for the predators and scavengers that patrol the wilderness.食肉动物和食腐动物的目标Out here theres little room for mistakes.在这里生存不容许有任何失误With a clear view of the endless plateau below,从高空俯视着广袤无垠的高原vultures are quick to spot any opportunity.秃鹫们不会放过任何一个机会A dead
40、yak has drawn a crowd.一头死牦牛吸引了一群秃鹫前来Vultures arent famous for their table manners.秃鹫的就餐礼仪并不好The vultures do well here,as the vast Tibetan wilderness is home to many large creatures.但在这里秃鹫们却表现的很好,因为广阔的西藏荒原有足够多的大型生物Living in herds of up to 200 in the remoter corners of the Tibetan plateau,居住在西藏高原偏远角落的
41、野牦牛群居的数量甚至可能达到200只wild yaks travel large distances,grazing on the alpine tundra.他们走过遥远的距离来到高山上的冻土地带寻觅食物Strong and secure over mountain passes and rivers,依靠着山口和河流牦牛在这里强大而安全The yak is in its element at altitude它们于这个海拔的环境是如此地连为一体so much so that it gets sick if it goes below 3,000 metres.以至于如果他们到达海拔3000
42、米以下身体就会变得虚弱。Standing two metres tall at the shoulder and weighing more牦牛身高2米体重超过800千克than 800 kilos,the wild yak is both formidable and aggressive.不仅自身强大还很好斗But without this fearsome creature its unlikely that humans would have survived up here.但若没有这种看起来吓人的生物人类就不可能在这里生存。Once domesticated,the yak is
43、an amazing animal,一旦被驯服牦牛会让人惊异万分，providing the Tibetans with transport,它为藏民提供运输food,wool for clothes and tents,食物做衣物和帐篷的毛and manure for fuel.还有可以做燃料的粪便Its held in such high regard牦牛很受如此器重以至于that its fur is even used to decorate the sacred prayer flag poles,人们用它的皮来装饰神圣的经幡番杆and yak butter is used as a
44、n offering to the gods.它的脂肪也被用作敬奉神的贡品The yak has even led the Tibetans to buried treasure.牦牛甚至还帮助藏民找到了地上的宝藏In summer,people can be seen scouring the grassland,夏季可以看见有的人贴在草地上，bent over in deep concentration.全神贯注地四处搜索This is the worlds weirdest harvest.这是世界上最奇特的收割方式了Tibetans first investigated this st
45、range root-like organism,藏民们首先发现了这种被称为“牙扎梗布(藏语:冬虫夏草)”known locally as yartsa gunbu,的奇怪的根状生物体when their yaks appeared to have more energy after grazing on it.原因就在于看到了牦牛们在吃完它之后精力充沛Rumours of its amazing properties gradually spread.关于它的神奇的特性的传言逐渐传播开来and today the yartsa gunbu is a passport into a shady
46、,underground world.到了今天冬虫夏草已经进入了地下黑市Its possible to dig up 40 of them in a day,有时一天一人就可以挖掘40个左右the proceeds from which may provide half the collectors annual income.而这些收入则可能占采集者年收入的一半Yartsa gunbu has been used as a traditional remedy for thousands of years,冬虫夏草被用作传统药物已经上千年though only by the very wea
47、lthy.但仅限于非常富有的人群It has been bartered for tea and silk,它被用来交换茶叶和丝绸and is worth more than four times its weight in silver.可以换回超过本身四倍重量的银子So lucrative is this trade,that sites and information are jealously guarded.这项贸易是如此的暴利使得它的交易地点和信息都被谨慎地保护起来At the nearby market,the yartsa gunbu are cleaned,在附近的集市上冬虫夏