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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date词汇学模拟试卷2及答案华东师范大学网络教育学院英语词汇学 模拟试卷 （二）I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)1. The prehistorical Indo-European parent language is t
2、hought to be a highly _language.A. advanced B. developedC. analytic D. inflected ( )2. The word “prediction” contains no _. A. free morpheme B. stem C. bund morpheme D. root ( )3. The relationship between sound and meaning is _ and conventional. A. logical B. arbitrary C. objective D. consistent ( )
3、4. The word “port” from “portus” is regarded as a _. A. semantic-loan B. neologism C. translation-loan D. denizen ( )5. Words created by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems are called _. A. acronyms B. blends C. derivatives D. compounds ( )6. The word _ is regarded as a deverbal nou
4、n. A. popularity B. persistence C. productivity D. priestess ( )7. The word “disunite” contains a _ prefix. A. reversative B. pejorative C. negative D. locative ( )8. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its _. A. spelling B. sound C. meaning D. function ( )9. Extens
5、ion of meaning is also known as _. A. specialization B. elevation C. generalization D. degradation ( )10. The words “husband” and “wife” are regarded as _ terms. A. relative B. contradictory C. contrary D. graded ( )11. The word “copperhead” was used to refer to those northerners who were secretly a
6、iding the South because of the _ reason. A. class B. historical C. social D. psychological ( )12. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure where it occurs, which is called _ context. A. lexical B. grammatical C. linguistic D. non-linguistic ( )13. The idiom “heart and soul” is _ in n
7、ature. A. adjectival B. verbal C. adverbial D. nominal ( )14. The ambiguity of the sentence, “The ball is attractive,” is caused by _. A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy ( )15. The main body of a dictionary is its _ of words. A. notes B. usage C. spelling D. definitions ( )II. Complete
8、the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _.2. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the _ element.3. Some differences between sound and meaning were created by the _, who made a living by wr
9、iting for other people.4. All the words in a language make up its _.5. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited _ and collocability. 6. Scottish and Irish belong to the Celtic family, but Danish and German belong to the _ family. 7.
10、According to the _ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation. 8. Lexical meaning itself embraces two components: _ meaning and associative meaning. 9. The most common types of word-meaning changes are _ and narrowing.10. Of the three types of ho
11、monyms, _ constitute the largest number and are most common.11. Transfer may also occur between abstract and _ meanings.12. Idioms are generally felt to be _ and some are slang and colloquialisms.13. Synonyms may differ in the _ and intensity of meaning.14. So far as the language is concerned, a Chi
12、nese-English dictionary is regarded as a _ dictionary. 15. Compared with American dictionaries, British dictionaries, especially learners dictionaries, include more _ information. III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statem
13、ent is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. The Germanic tribes were thought to be the first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles. ( )2. The chief function of prefixes is to change the meanings of stems. ( )3. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “internationalist”. ( )4. The French in
14、fluence on English vocabulary was one of the significant points of the Middle English period. ( ) 5. Inflectional morphemes which are confined to suffixes function as grammatical markers. ( )6. The words such as NATO, AIDS, BASIC and UFO are acronyms. ( )7. There are few words which have both the sa
15、me conceptual meaning and the same stylistic meaning. ( )8. One of the features of the contradictory terms is that such antonyms are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive. ( )9. The same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned different meanings. ( )10. The ambig
16、uity of the sentence “The duck is too hot to eat,” is caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( )11. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia. ( ) 12. Such words as “useless” and “bad-mouth” are regarded as morphologically motivated words.
17、 ( )13. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology is generally known as a specialized dictionary. ( ) 14. In the idiom “sooner or later”, juxtaposition is used. ( ) 15. Linguistic context may include the whole cultural background. ( ) IV. Answer the following questions. (20%) 1. What is conceptual
18、meaning? What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning? 2. What are the four major causes of the difference between sound and form?3. What is transfer? What are the four main types of transfer?4. What is the difference between denizens and aliens? 5. What are specialized dictionaries? What are
19、their characteristics? V. Analyze and comment on the following. (20%) 1. Point out the formation of the following words. sitcom medicare pub quake NATO VOA 2. Read the following sentence carefully. If you find anything inappropriate, explain the reasons and then improve the sentence. Jackson is a ve
20、ry hard businessman. 英语词汇学 模拟试卷（二）参考答案I.选择题1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. DII. 填空题 1. affix 2. first 3. scribes 4. vocabulary 5. productivity 6. Germanic 7. positions 8. conceptual 9. extension 10. homophones 11. semantic 12. informal13. concrete 14. b
21、ilingual 15. grammaticalIII. 是非题 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T 15. FIV. 问答题1. Conceptual meaning which is also known as denotative meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conc
22、eptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language.2. The first reason is that there are more phonemes than letters in English. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over
23、 the years. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is the borrowing.3. Transfer or semantic transfer refers to a process of the change of word-meaning whereby a word used to designate one thing has been changed to mean something else. Th
24、e four main types of semantic transfer are: associated transfer, transfer between abstract and concrete meanings, transfer between subjective and objective meanings, and transfer of sensations.4. Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now well assimilated into the English language a
25、nd have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin.5. Specialized dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or know
26、ledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usage in language, and computer, engineering, literature and a variety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be very large in size, but each contains much more detailed information on the subject then you can
27、find in a general unabridged one.V. 论述题1 1) Sitcom and medicare are blends. Sitcom is formed by combining the head of “situation” and that of “comedy”, and medicare is formed by combining the head of “medical” and the word “care”. 2) Pub and quake are clipped words. Pub is formed by clipping the tai
28、l of the phrase “public house”, and quake is formed by clipping the head of the word “earthquake”. 3) NATO and VOA are new words created through acronymy. NATO from “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization” is an acronym, while VOA from “Voice of America” is an initialism.2. 1) The sentence is ambigu
29、ous. The ambiguity is caused by polysemy. 2) The word “hard” in this sentence can be understood as “hardworking” or “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. But there would be no misunderstanding if the original sentence is extended as “Jack is a very hard businessman and he has made great achievements,” or “Jack is a very hard businessman to deal with.”-