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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date新视野大学英语预备级1-unit1-电子教案新视野大学英语预备级1-unit1-电子教案UNIT1-A Alfred Nobel: A Man of PeaceI.Objectives:By the end of this unit, students will be better able to1. Grasp the main idea of the text 2
2、. Master the key language points 3. Make the grammar clearII. Content: Alfred Nobel: A man of PeaceIII.Major points and difficulties1. Key words: information, create, business, perfect, wonder, add2. Useful Expressions: call sb sth, trade in, of ones day, be worried about, learn of, in the field of,
3、 as a result3. Grammar: 不定式主动语态表示被动意义IV. Process and ProcedureStep 1 Warm-up ActivitiesPre-reading1. How much do you know about Alfred Nobel?2. What kind of award is the Nobel Prize?3. To whom do you think the Nobel Prize should be awarded?Background Information1. Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) was a Swed
4、ish chemist and inventor. He was involved, with his family, in the development of explosives, and his invention of dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerine and filler, greatly improved the safety of explosives. He was inclined toward pacifism and concerned about the potential uses of the explosives he
5、had invented. He established a fund to provide annual awards, called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace. Please visit http:/www.nobel.se for more information about Alfred Nobel.2. Nobel Prize is an award created and paid for by the will of Alfred Nobe
6、l, and is given every year for outstanding achievement in one of five fields. By the terms of Nobels will, the physics and chemistry prizes are decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; the physiology or medicine prize, by Swedens Royal Caroline Medico-Chirurgical Institute; the literature p
7、rize by the Swedish Academy; and the peace prize, by a committee of the Norwegian parliament. Each winner is presented a gold medal and a sum that by 1980 was about $200,000. These five awards were first given in 1901. A sixth award, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science, was created and paid
8、 for in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank, the Swedish national bank, and first awarded in 1969. It is decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Please visit http:/www.nobel.se for further information about the Nobel Prize.Step 2 Listening: Listen to the textStep 3 Detail explanations of the textLan
9、guage Points called him a person (Para.1)call: v.1)say or think that sth. or sb. is 认为是；把称为 People called him a hero for what he did.人们因为他所做的事称他为英雄。 2)give a name to 命名；称呼 His name is Richard but we all call him Dick. 他的名字是理查德，但是我们叫他迪克。 They called the baby Tom. 他们给孩子起名叫汤姆。 3) speak loudly 大声地说 “Bre
10、akfast is ready,” she called. “吃早饭了，” 她喊道。 She called out the names of the winners. 她大声宣布了获胜者的名单。 4) telephone sb. 给某人打电话 Ill call you later. 我过一会儿给你打电话。 Whos calling? 请问您是哪位？ who traded in death (Para.1)trade in: buy and sell 从事 交易They traded in food, drinks and many other things. 他们做食品、饮料及其他许多东西的生
11、意。 Most of his friends traded in the products(产品) of their own village and they all became rich.他的大部分朋友都做本村产品的生意，他们都富起来了。 trade: v.1) buy and sell goods做生意 China trades with many different countries. 中国同很多国家有贸易往来。 2) exchange 互换；交易 The boy traded his knife for an old boat(船). 男孩用刀换了一条旧船。n.1) U the b
12、uying and selling of things 贸易，买卖 Trade also increased greatly. 贸易也有很大增长。 2) C a particular type of business 行业It would be better if he learned a trade. 如果他能学一门行当就更好了。 The young man is learning the shoe-makers trade. 这个年轻人在学做鞋匠。In fact, Alfred Nobels business had (Para.1)business: n.1) U buying and
13、selling things 买卖；生意 I want to go into business when I leave school. 我打算毕业以后去做买卖。 Business is not very good this year. 今年生意不太好。 2) C a shop 商店 My uncle has a business in Leeds. 我叔叔在利兹有一家商店。 He runs a second-hand car business. 他开了一家经营二手车的商店。 3) sing. matter 事情 Thats none of your business. 那不关你的事。 Wha
14、t I feel about Stuart is my own business. 对斯图尔特怎么看是我自己的事。 4) U duty 责任 Its a mothers business to help her children. 帮助子女是妈妈的责任。 My business is selling cars; yours is studying at school. 我的任务是卖车，你的任务是在学校学习。 giving Alfred Nobels age, nation (Para.1)age: n. 1）C the length of time a person has lived 年龄
15、I started work at the age of 16. 我16岁开始工作。 If you love somebody, age doesnt make a difference. 如果你爱一个人，不必在乎年龄。 2）U being old 老年 Her hair was gray with age. 因为年老，她的头发已经花白了。 3）C a certain time in history 年代 It was the golden age of the novel. 那是这部小说的黄金时代。 The village itself is well over 1,000 years ol
16、d; in the Middle Ages it had a very important church (教堂). 这个村子已有1,000多年的历史了，在中世纪时，这里有一个非常重要的教堂。 4）C a very long time 很长时间 Ive been waiting here for ages. 我在这里等了很久。 He has been crying out for help for ages, and I am sure that this new chance is just what he is looking for. 他寻求帮助已很长时间了，我相信这个新机遇正是他所要的
17、。and the French newspaper had made a mistake. (Para.2)make a mistake: do wrongly; get sth. wrong 犯错误 Be perfect, that is, never make a mistake and always be “good”. 要十全十美，也就是说不要犯错，永远是对的。 If you understand why you have to do certain things, you are less likely to make a mistake. 如果你明白了为什么要做某些事，你就可能少犯
18、错误。All the same, Alfred Nobel was worried. (Para.2)Meaning: Even so, Alfred Nobel was worried. all the same: even so; still 尽管如此，仍然I dont think so, but thanks all the same.我不同意，但我还是非常感谢。None of them understood the words, but they nodded all the same.没有一个人看得懂这些话，但他们还是点了点头。He had spent his life workin
19、g (Para.2)spend: vt. 1) use time for sth. 花时间，度过 I think he will spend his holidays with her. 我想他会和她一起度假。 He spent his life worrying about his health being afraid he was going to die soon. 他一生都为健康担心怕他会很快死去。 2)give out money in payment 花钱 She spent a lot of money on her clothes. 她花了很多钱买衣服。 How do you
20、 spend your time when you are not in the office? 你不在办公室上班的时间是怎样度过的？ He created his explosive to save lives (Para.2)save: v. 1) take sb. away from danger救，挽救 He saved the child from the fire. 他从大火中救出孩子。 Its still hard to know if Ive saved them all, but at least I know Ive done my best. 很难知道我是否把他们都救出来
21、了，但至少我已尽了最大的努力。 2)keep sth., especially money, to use later 储蓄 He was saving money to go to college. 他在存钱准备上大学。 If you save now, you will be able to buy a car soon. 如果你现在存钱，很快就能买辆汽车。 3)use less of sth. 节省 She saves money by making her own clothes. 她自己做衣服省下些钱。 This method will save us much time and l
22、abor. 这个方法可以为我们节省大量的时间和人力。 at a perfect moment (Para.3)perfect: a.1)the most suitable 最合适的 This big house is perfect for our large family. 这座大房子最适合我们的大家庭了。 That is a perfect place for children to go. 那是最适宜孩子们去的地方。 2)so good that it can not be better 完美的Of course there is no perfect way out. 当然没有十全十美
23、的办法。 “Good evening,” she said in perfect English. “晚上好，”她用纯正的英语说。 3)complete; thorough 完全的，十分的The place was perfect to the young man. 对那个年轻人来说，这个地方很理想。I have perfect trust (信任) in what he says. 我完全相信他说的话。 vt. make perfect 使完美 They worked hard to perfect their dance. 他们努力使自己的舞蹈完美无缺。 He went to France
24、 to perfect his French. 为了使自己的法语纯正地道，他去了法国。 Many people of his day also thought this way. (Para. 3)of his day: of his time; of his age 某人所处的时代Alfred Nobel invented a safe but strong explosive, for explosives of his day were dangerous to use. 阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔发明了又安全又威力大的炸药，因为在他那个时代的炸药很危险。Nobel was worried abo
25、ut the way the world looked at him (Para.4)Meaning: Nobel was anxious about what people thought of him be worried about: be anxious about 为担心，为发愁 He would have liked to slow down the car but he was worried about what might be coming up behind him. 他原本想减速，但他担心在车后会发生什么意外。 He was worried about meeting
26、his wife after so many things had happened. 在发生了那么多的事之后，他不敢同他的妻子见面。People all over the world wondered who (Para.5)wonder: v.1)want to know 想知道 I wonder why he didnt come. 我想知道他怎么没来。 Mary wondered what was going on. 玛丽想知道发生了什么事。 I was wondering if you would act as my helper. 我在想你是否愿意当我的助手。 2)feel gre
27、at surprise 感到惊奇 We wondered at how well he worked. 我们佩服他干得那么好。 The fact that she left home is not to be wondered at. 她离家出走是不足为奇的。 We wondered to see him so pleased. 看见他那么开心，我们很吃惊。 n.1)U a feeling caused by sth. strange, surprising or beautiful 惊奇; 惊叹 The little girl looked at the beautiful box in w
28、onder . 小女孩惊奇地盯着这个漂亮的盒子。 2) C sth. that gives one this feeling 奇迹；奇观 He has created the wonders of modern medicine. 他创造了现代医学的奇迹。 However, a good nights sleep and a hearty breakfast worked wonders, and the whole team was soon ready for another hard day on the mountain. 然而，晚上的安寝和一顿丰盛的早餐产生了奇迹，整个队伍都准备好了
29、在山峰上再苦干一天。They were very surprised when they learned of Alfred Nobels plan (Para.5)Meaning: They were very surprised when they were told about Alfred Nobels plan learn of: become informed of 获悉，得知，了解 He will learn of this at the end, when it is all over, and even then only indirectly. 在事过之后，他最终会知道的，
30、即使是间接地了解到。She was never to learn of his plans as he went to New York the next day and never returned. 她永远也无从知道他的计划了，因为他第二天去了纽约，而且一去不返。 in the fields of physics (Para.5)in the field of: in a branch of knowledge or an area of activity在领域，在范围 Here she heads the research team trying to find out new uses
31、 of the medicine in the fields of memory loss and other health problems. 她领导一个研究组，探求这种药在治疗记忆丧失和其他疾病方面的新用途。 He was active in the fields of housing, education and health care for children. 他在住房、教育、儿童保健等领域非常活跃。 an award for economics was added. (Para.5)add: vt. 1) put together with sth. else so as to i
32、ncrease the number, size, or importance 增加；添加 They also added a new idea to the plan. 他们在计划中增加了一个新想法。They add more tea once he has taken the first cup. 他喝了第一杯之后，他们再加茶水。 2) put numbers together 把数目合在一起；加 If you add 2 and 5, you get 7. 5加2等于7。 Add 5 and 5, and you get 10. 5加5得10。 3)say sth. more 又说；补充
33、说 “Go away dont come back again,” she added. “走开，再也别回来了，”她又说。 “Why not?” she added when her friends looked surprised. 看到她的朋友们显得很吃惊，她接着说，为什么不呢？” but the decision that he made as a result finally gave him what he wanted. (Para.6)Meaning: but as a result of the wrong report his decision gave him what h
34、e wanted at last.as a result : caused or produced by sth. else 作为结果；结果是 Alfred Nobel decided to create a prize and as a result he was remembered as a man of peace. 阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔决定设立一项奖金，他因此被人们铭记为一个热爱和平的人。Step 4 Spotlight on Grammar不定式主动语态表示被动意义He created his explosive to save lives lives that were lost b
35、ecause other explosives were dangerous to use. (Passage A, Unit 1) 这句中的to use是不定式的主动语态，但表示被动意义。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态 (active voice) 和被动语态 (passive voice)。一般来说，主动语态表示主动意义，被动语态表示被动意义。然而，主动语态有时也可用来表示被动意义。不定式的主动语态表示被动意义往往用在SVC (adj. + inf.)句型，即 “主语+动词+主语补语”句型，其中的主语补语由 “形容词+不定式”构成。用于这一句型的形容词较常见的有easy, hard, dif
36、ficult, good, comfortable, possible, impossible等。在这种情况下，不定式必须用主动语态表示被动意义，不可用被动语态。例如：Apples are good to eat. *Apples are good to be eaten. （*表示此用法不可接受。下同。）The story is hard to believe (相信).*The story is hard to be believed.This shirt is easy to wash (洗).*This shirt is easy to be washed.Those explosiv
37、es are dangerous to use.*Those explosives are dangerous to be used. 不定式主动语态表示被动意义不但可用于单词动词(single-word verbs), 如上例，也可用于多词动词(multi-word verbs)。英语中的多词动词有以下几种类型：动词+介词，动词+副词小品词，动词+副词小品词+介词，动词+名词+介词等。例如：The chair is comfortable to sit in.*The chair is comfortable to be sat in.The sick baby was difficult
38、to look after.*The sick baby was difficult to be looked after.The light is impossible to turn off.*The light is impossible to be turned off.Money is difficult to save up.*Money is difficult to be saved up.He ran so fast and was hard to catch up with (赶上).*He ran so fast and was hard to be caught up
39、with.The loud cry of that girl was hard to put up with.*The loud cry of that girl was hard to be put up with.This dog is easy to take care of (照料).*This dog is easy to be taken care of.这里要提示学生注意的是：上面提及的SVC (adj. + inf.)句型只是同类句型的一种。从语义的角度看，这种句型可分为以下几种类型： (1) Mary is hard to get along with. (= It is h
40、ard to get along with Mary.) (2) Mary is kind to wait for me. (= It is kind of Mary to wait for me.) (3) Mary is angry to hear the news. (= To hear the news has made Mary angry.) (4) Mary is quick to learn. (= Mary learns quickly.) 从上面四例可看出，尽管它们都属于SVC (adj. + inf.)句型，但它们的意义是完全不同的。也就是说，它们虽然表层结构相同，但深层
41、结构不同。在这四种类型中，只有第(1)种的不定式是用主动语态来表示被动意义的。其他三种都不表示被动意义，因此不属于本单元讨论的范围。请提示学生不要混淆。 I have a lot of work to do.*I have a lot of work to be done.在上例中，因主语是施事者(agent)，因此不定式只可用主动语态。如果主语不是施事者，则主动或被动都可使用。例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.但请注意下面两句在意义上的区别：Theres nothing to do Im bored(使厌烦).没事可做，真无聊！Ther
42、es nothing to be done well have to buy a new TV set.毫无办法，看来只能买一台新的电视机了。Step 5 Summary1. Key words: information, create, business, perfect, wonder, add2. Useful Expressions: call sb sth, trade in, of ones day, be worried about, learn of, in the field of, as a result3. Grammar: 不定式主动语态表示被动意义V.Methodol
43、ogy-EclecticVI.Spotlight on Pronunciation and IntonationVII.Homework: Exercise III, IV, V, VIVIII.Key to the exercisesIII.1. death 2. continued 3. trade4. create 5. information 6. spend7. destroyed 8. wonderV. 1.It is reported that he is very rich and that he is a man who trades in weapon.2.Men or w
44、omen of any country should be against war as it can destroy the country.3. People call Nobel a man of peace and a man of love.4.It is very dangerous to cross the river during the raining season.5.He did not know what to do, as it was new to him to build roads through mountains. Grammar: P9.IX.1.The
45、mistake is hard to find.2.The book is interesting to read.3.The Nobel Prize is not easy to win.4.The test is difficult to pass.5.The soup is too hot to drink now.6.The story is really interesting to listen to.7.Mr Smiths lessons are hard to follow.8.The garden is pleasant to walk in.9.Is smoking really so difficult to give up?10.I like to make friends with those who are easy to get along with. -