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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022 高考英语其次轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集(04)形容词、副词要点 1 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时,一般可根据以下次序:限定词 - 描画性形容词 - 大小、 新旧、式样 - 颜色 - 产地 国别 - 作定语的名词 - 被修饰名词;如:some lovely Chinese children一些可爱的中国儿童 限定词 - 描画性形容词 - 国别 a small black leather handbag一个小的黑色皮包大小 - 颜色 - 作定语的名词表示材料a red German sports car
2、一辆红色的德国赛车颜色 - 国别 - 作定语的名词表示用途a small old stone bridge一座老的小石桥 大小 - 新旧 - 作定语的名词 留意:限定词放在最前面,作定语的名词紧靠被修饰词;同种类的 形容词,短在前、长在后,序数词放在基数词之前;如:the first two books 最初两本书但是,这里所讲的语序并不是一成不变的;要点 2 需放在被修饰语之后的形容词形容词作定语, 一般放在名词的前面;但假如被修饰语是由some, any, every和 no 构成的不定代词时,用作定语的形容词必需放在它所修饰的词后面,如:There is nothing new in h
3、is report. 他的报告里没有什么新东西;Is there anything important. 有什么重要的事情吗 .He told me something very important. 他告知我一些很重要的事;There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错;So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前为止,仍没有重要人物来这儿看过;留意:英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语,不能放在名词前作定语,如以 a-开头的形容词,afraid, asleep, alone, awake, alive;另外,
4、ill, glad, sorry, sure, well 也不能放在名词前作定语;留意:sick 患病 与 ill 不同, sick 既可以作表语也可以作定语而 ill 就不能,试比较:These children are ill/sick. 这些孩子病了;The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在 照管患病的孩子们;不能用 ill 另外,在度量衡用语中,形容词通常放在度量单位之后;例如:Im 1.80 metres tall. 我身高 1.80 米;The room is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有 32 英尺宽;要点
5、3 三种要求形容词作表语的系动词形容词除与系动词 be 连用作表语外,仍可以与其他一些系动词连用;1 表示一种特点、状态、感觉的系动词,如:appear 显得 ,look 看似 ,seem 好像 ,feel 觉得 ,taste 尝,smell 闻,sound 听 ;名师归纳总结 The meat tastes good. 这肉味道好;第 1 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He doesnt seem happy. 他好像不兴奋;Im not feeling well today. 我今日不舒适;well 用作形容词做 表语只能表示身
6、体好 2 表示状态转变的系动词,意为 变得 、 变成 , 如: become, get, grow, turn 等;Its gettinggrowing dark. 天慢慢地黑了;The hill has turned green. 山变绿了;3 表示保持某种状态的系动词,如: remain 仍旧是 ,keep 保持 等;The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍旧未解决;Keep quiet, please. 请寂静 .要点 4 某些以 -ly 结尾的形容词英语中有一些以-ly 结尾的形容词,不要误以为是副词;deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonel
7、y 孤独的likely 可能的 lovely 可爱的 lively 开心的brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父亲似的 ugly 难看的 silly 愚蠢的仍有一些与时间有关的词,虽以-ly 结尾,但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词,如:daily 每日 的 weekly 每周一次 的monthly 每月一次 的 yearly 每年一次 的要点 5 名词用作形容词1 名词用来作定语修饰另一个名词时,相当于一个形容词,如:ticket office 售票处 book store 书店traffic accident 交通事故 table leg 桌子腿2 名词用作形容词修饰另一名词时,
8、一般都用单数形式,而且总是放在被修饰的名词之前;如:shoe repairers 修鞋人ring finger 无名指wine glass 酒杯cigarette lighter 打火机也有一些是例外,如:sports car 赛车clothes shop 服装店arms production 武器生产留意:名词作定语与形容词作定语意思相差较大;gold ring 金戒指golden ring 镀金 金黄色 戒指stone wall 石墙stony heart 铁石心肠colour TV set 彩色电视机colourful life 多彩的生活要点 6 带有数字的复合形容词当复合形容词用连字
9、号连接时,其中的名词用单数形式;主要有两种结构:1 数词 +名词;名师归纳总结 a three-hour flight 一次三小时的飞行第 2 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - a three-pound chicken 一个重三磅的鸡a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米长的桥a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信2 数词 +名词 +形容词;a three-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩a fifty-metre-wide river 一条五十米宽河要点 7 同形的副词
10、和形容词fast train 快车 hard workers 干活卖力的工人run fast 跑得快 work hard 干活卖力,工作努力right answer 正确的回答 enough food 足够的食物do everything right 样样事情做得对 large enough 足够大in the late afternoon 傍晚 in the early morning 一大早work late 工作得晚 come early 来得早其他如 straight, wide, high, low也都能用作形容词和副词;例如:He drew a straight line on t
11、he paper. 他在纸上划了一条直线;He went straight to the room. 他径直朝那房子走去;要点 8 具有两种形式的副词英语中有些副词有两种形式,但其意义不同;The station is quite near. 车站就在邻近;near 用作形容词 He lives near. 他就住在邻近;near 用作副词 Its nearly nine oclock. 将近九点钟了;nearly 用作副词,但其含义是:将近、几乎 The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬;用作形容词 The test is hard. 测验太难;He is a hard worker.
12、 他是一个干活卖力的工人;We all work hard. 我们都努力工作;hard 用作副词 I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思;意为:几乎不There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩;He is late. 他迟到了; late 用作形容词 He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉;late 用作副词 Have you seen her lately. 你最近观察过她吗 .lately 意为:最近 留意:除上述几个词外,英语中仍有一些具有两种形式的副词;如:de
13、ep 深-deeply 深深地high 高-highly 高度地wide 宽-widely 广泛地He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高;We think highly of our teacher. 我们对我们的老师评判很高;He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把全部的窗户开得很大,好让新奇空气进来;She is widely known in China. 她在中国的知名度很高;要点 9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成名师归纳总结 1 单音节形容词加-er 和 -est 构成其比较级和最高级;第
14、 3 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - strong-stronger-the strongestnew-newer-the newest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加;-er 和-est ;如: big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,thin-thinner-thinnest2 三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more 和 most ,构成其比较级和最高级;interesting-more interesting-the most interestingimport
15、ant-more important-the most important3 双音节形容词中,一般以-y,-er, -ow, -ple 等结尾的词加 -er, -est ;pretty-prettier-the prettiest 美丽的clever-cleverer-the cleverest 聪慧的simple-simpler-the simplest 简洁的narrow-narrower-the narrowest 狭窄的常用的词有: easy 简洁 ,lazy 懒, happy 欢乐的 ,funny 好玩的 ;4 以-ful, -ing结尾的双音节词一般加more/most;doubt
16、ful-more doubtful-the most doubtful 留意:英语中,有些双音节形容词可以加;more/most ,也可以加 -er,-est 构成比较级和最高级,常见的词有: friendly, clever, narrow, common要点 10 副词比较级和最高级的构成1 副词比较级和最高级形式通常由加more 和 most构成; 例如:quickly-more quickly-most quickly slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2 与形容词同形的副词,其构成方式与相应的形容词相同;例如:fast-faster-fastesthard
17、-harder-hardestearly-earlier-earliest要点 11 少数形容词和副词的比较级、最高级是不规章的;原级 比较级 最高级good/well - better - best bad/ill/badly - worse - worst many/much - more - most little - less - least 要点 12 同等程度比较的要点1 as as 之间肯定要用形容词或副词原形,如:I am as old as you. 我和你年龄一样大;Tom works as hard as Mary. 汤姆和玛丽工作一样努力;留意: as as 可用 al
18、most, quite, just, just about, nearly, twice, by no means 根本 修饰,置于as as之前;名师归纳总结 2 so 用以替代第一个as 时,只能用于否定句,如:第 4 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - John is not as/so clever as Jack. 约翰不像杰克那样聪慧;He doesnt read as/so clearly as she. 他读得不像她那样清晰;She didnt sing as/so well that night as she usual
19、ly does. 她那天晚上唱得没有平 时好;3 as much+ 不行数名词 +as ,而 as many+ 可数名词复数 +as ;Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鲍伯和玛丽读了一样多的书;There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 这瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一样多;4as+adj.+ 不定冠词 +可数名词单数 +as German is as difficult a language as English. as+adj.+ 不行数名词 +as Bread is as impor
20、tant food as rice. 要点 13 不同程度比较的要点1 要用 比较级 +than 的结构;I am taller than Tomis. 我比汤姆高;Mary works harder than Johndoes. 玛丽比约翰工作努力;This city is more beautiful than thatcity. 这城市比那城市更美丽;You look younger than before. 你看起来比以前年轻;2 比较级前可用 much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather,even, still, a great deal 等表示
21、程度,但比较级 前不能再用 more ;She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比 别人好得多; better 本身就是比较级,不能用far/much more betterYour book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的书要比他的书好玩得多;其中 more interesting 是比较级, far/much 用以修饰 more interesting 表示程度 Now I read a little faster than before. 现在我读得比过去稍快一点;表示不同程度比较时
22、,句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范畴之内;any other student anyone else all the other students any of the other students 他比班上其他同学学习用功;他本身也是同学不能用any students来表示比较对象的范畴 留意:any other 加可数名词单数,all the other加可数名词复数;试比较:名师归纳总结 The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距离我们比任何恒星都近;月亮不是恒星,因此第 5 页,共 15 页用 any star/stars并没有把主语
23、包括在比较对象的范畴之内 China is larger than any country/countries in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家大;China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都大;中国是亚洲国家之一,因而不能用any country/countries 3 比较的对象要一样,一般说来同等的两个事物才能比较,如:Toms bike is more expensive than Jims =Jims bike. 汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - -
24、- - - - The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海 冷; that 指代天气 His English is better than anyone elses in his class. 他的英语比班上其他人的都 好;4 英语中往往用 that/those 或 the/that one/the ones 代替上文提及的同等部分;但假如比较的事物是不行数名词,用 that 不能用 the one/the ones/those;The water in the glass is cleaner than t
25、hat in the river.杯子里的水比河里的水清;water 为不行数名词,用thatI like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall.我喜爱这些画赛过墙上那些;those,the ones指代可数名词复数The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat.兔子的耳朵比猫长;与 of 短语一起用时,不能用the onesYour ruler is longer than that/that one/the one on the desk.你的尺比桌上的尺长;tha
26、t/that one/the one指代可数名词单数5 两者之间的比较不能用最高级;Who is more honest, Tom or Susan. 汤姆和苏珊两个人谁更诚恳 .留意 : 比较级范畴是由 of 引出两者之间的比较,比较级前要用定冠词;He is the taller of the two. 两人中他高一点;要点 14 有些以 -ior 结尾的形容词本身就含有比较的意思以-ior 结尾的形容词,不用 比较级 +than 来表示比较,而是要用 原级 +to ;常用的词有:superior 优于,inferior 次于 ,junior 年少的 ,senior 较年长的,较高级别 的
27、;He is inferior to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你;This engine is superior in many respects to that. 要点 15 最高级的用法1 三者 或三者以上 的比较才能用最高级;这台发动机在很多方面比那一台要好;Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 玛丽是她班上 三个里面 个子最高的女孩;Bill reads most clearly of all the students. 2 形容词最高级要加 the ;Theyre the biggest
28、 animals in the world. 在全部这些同学中,比尔读得最清晰;它们是世界上最大的动物;Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之一; one of the+ 形容词最高级 +名词复数表示 最 之一 He is one of the tallest students in the class. It is the second tallest building in the world. 他是班上个子最高的同学之一;它是世界上其次高的建筑物;留意:如不表示比较,也没有表示比较范畴的状语,最高级前不
29、用 t he 时,作 特别 、特别 解;It is a most useful tool. 这是一种特别有用的工具;He is a brightest student. 他是一个特别聪慧的同学;留意:最高级可用 by far, easily, nearly ,by no means, 序数词等修饰,置于最高级之前;He is the second tallest boy in our class. 留意:要点 16 几个特殊的比较结构1 the+ 比较级 ,the+ 比较级 结构,意为 越 ,越 ,表示程度的平行增 长, 如:The higher the temperatureis,the g
30、reater is the pressure.=the greater the pressure is.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 温度越高,压力就越大;The older he gets, the wiser he becomes. 他越长越聪慧;The bigger, the better. 越大越好;2 比较级 +and+ 比较级 结构,意为 越来越 ,表示程度逐步增长,如:Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活越来越好;Our country has
31、become stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了;He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快;越来越 , 需用 more and more+形容词原形留意:当形容词需加上more 变为比较级时,表示的结构;Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海变得越来越美丽;More and more people give up smoking. 越来越多的人戒烟;3 倍数词 +as+ 原级 +as 构成倍数比较结构;This TV set costs twice as much a
32、s that one. 这架电视机的价格是那架电视机的两倍;The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 这辆卡车有那辆小客车的三倍半重;表示倍数也可以用以下的结构:The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 这个地区的大米产量相当于1957 年的 4 倍;4 大三岁 , 长两米 要用 数量词 +比较级 来表示 ,如:He is three years older than I. 他比我大三岁;这条河比那条河长100 米;This river is 100
33、meters longer than that one. 5)as as 的比如结构,此结构表示 像 一样(那样) Its as cold as ice in here. 这儿冷得像冰窖;Its as dark as night in this room. 这屋子简直就像晚上一样黑;常见的比如结构有:as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee 6)more than 和 less than,这 2 个固定词组分别表示 多于 和 少于 ,如:There
34、 are more than three hundred pupils in the school. 这个学校有 300 多个同学;They finished the work in less than a year. 他们不到一年就完成了这项工作;7)no more than和 no less than也是固定词组,分别表示 只不过 和有 之多 、多达 ;(带有感情颜色)I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有 10 块钱;(有嫌少的意思)In our school there are no less than 250 teachers. 名师归纳总结 我们学
35、校里的老师有250 位之多;(有够多了的含义)表示 不多于 、 至多 ,not less 第 7 页,共 15 页8)not more than和 not less than,not more than=at mostthan=at least表示 不少于 、 至少 ;(表示客观事情)- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到 5 个;There were not less than one hundred people at the me
36、eting. 到会的至少有 100 人;要点 17 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构,实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语 / 1 as long as 只要;有 之久I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活着,我就要工作;He has been ill as long as five years. 他已经病了 5 年之久;2 as far as 到 地点;就 而言I will go with you as far as the next bus stop. 我将和你一起走到下一个车站;As far as I know,he is a
37、 reliable person. 就我所知,他是一个牢靠的人;3 as high as 高达 程度The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as 0. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达 400 美元;4 as soon as 一 就I will ting you up as soon as I get there. 5)as well as 既 又 He has experience as well as knowledge.要点 18 表示相像、类同的几种方法1)主语 alike/
38、the same/similar 我一到那里就给你打电话;他既有学问又又体会;(留意此句翻译的次序)The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟俩特别相像;The two books are the same. 这两本书是一样的;The methods used by the three teachers are similar. 这三位老师使用的方法相类似;the same as 2 主语 +be+ similar to + 名词 代词 like Johns hat is very much like mine in style/size. 约翰的帽子的款
39、式 尺寸 很像我的;Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的观点在很多方面与我们相像;The price is the same as last year. 这价格与去年相同;age 名师归纳总结 3主语 +be+the same size +as+名词 代词 colour/weight 第 8 页,共 15 页The suitcase is the same size as that one. 这衣箱与那个一样大小;He is the same age as his wife. 他与他的妻子同年;- - - - - - -精选学习资料
40、- - - - - - - - - 4 在以上句型中,也可常用动词 look 来替代 be 动词;The pen looks like mine. 这笔看上去像我的;The two houses look alike. 这两幢房子看上去相像;要点 19 表示相异、不同1 differ from 与 不同;Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龙和丝绸在成本方面不同;2 be different from 与 不同;Their house is different from ours in style. 他们的房子风格跟我们的不同;3 unlike 不同,不像;My
41、 son is unlike me in every respect. 我的儿子没有一处像我;要点 20 无比较级,最高级的词circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right,round,square,true,unique独一无二的 , wrong ,absolute (确定的), sheer (完全的), mere (纯粹的), atomic (原子的), solar(太阳的), daily ,monthly ,yearly ,physical ,wooden 练习、形容词和副词高考题选:1. Joh
42、n has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. MET88 A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. MET88 A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. MET88 A. suc
43、h an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting 4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. MET88 A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many 5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. MET88 A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as 6. The story sounds_ . MET89 A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 7. Id been expecting _ letters t