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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists 核心单词1. characteristic n.特色；特性；典型adj. 特有的,表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics. 和善是他的特性之一；A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 易混辨析character/characteristic character n. 性格,品质（本身具有的）；角色,人物；字
2、体,字符 characteristic n. 特点,特点（用以区分于其他事物的）2. defeat vt. 击败；打败；使（方案、期望）落空骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间；Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0. 我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手；He was defeated in his plan. 他的方案失败了；易混辨析defeat/conquer/overcome 三个词都含有“ 战胜”、“ 击败” 的意思；defeat 指“ 赢得成功”,特别指军事上的成功,如：defeat the enemy 打败敌人 ；conquer 指“ 战胜 ;战胜”
3、,特别指获得对人、物或感情的掌握,如：conquer nature （战胜自然） ；overcome 指“ 战胜；压倒；克服”,特别指“ 感情”,如： overcome difficulties（克服困难） ；defeat/beat/win defeat, beat 都表示在战争或竞赛中“ 战胜,打败 对手 ” ,后接竞争对手；如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手 /国家 /团队 win 也表示 “ 战胜 ,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是竞赛、战争、奖品或表示敬重、 崇拜之类意义的词；如：win a race/a battle/a war/
4、a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得竞赛 /战争 /战争 /奖学金 /奖品 /奖章 /成功 /友情 /奖赏 3. attend v. 留意；留意；处理 与 to 连用 =do with ；出席；到场；照看；照管 =take care=look after 常用结构：attend school/college 上学 /上高校attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座 /出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼 /参与典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；侍侯；照
5、管Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题；Which doctor is attending you. 哪个医生为你看病 . 4. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光,常与介词to 连用,表示“ 使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”；常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself to . 显露或暴露于 be exposed to 暴露于 Dont expose it to the rain/wind. 别让它被雨淋 /风吹；The soldiers in the open field are exposed to t
6、he enemy s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下；The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行肯定要毫无保留地予以揭发；5. curevt.&n. 治愈,治疗；常用于“cure sb. of . ” 结构中；第 1 页,共 14 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The doctor cured her of a bad cold. 医生治好了她的重感冒；It is possible to cure th
7、e sickness. 治愈这种疾病是可能的；易混辨析cure/treat/heal/recover cure 意为“ 治疗；治愈”,多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气；treat 为日常用语,意为“ 治疗；医治”,指治疗病人的全过程或活动；heal 意为“ 治愈（伤口） ；医治” ,指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位,使伤口愈合,不用于指治疗感冒等疾病；recover 意为“ 痊愈 ,复原” ,主要是指从病中痊愈了,常与 from 连用；That pill cured my headache. 那种药片治好了我的头疼；That will cure him of his bad habits.
8、 那将改正他的坏习惯；There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients. 只有两名医生来治疗 50 多个病人；The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了；Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了；6. absorb vt. 吸取；吸引；吸取（液体,气体,光,声等）；吸取,懂得（学问等）；使全神贯注；吸引（留意等）,后常接介词in/by ；合并（公司等） ；吞并；常接介词into ；承担；经受；联想拓展absorbed
9、adj. 精神集中的absorbing adj. 特别吸引人的absorb from sth. 从 中吸取be absorbed in 用心于,全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗；So many good ideas. It s too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好想法！我很难一下子完全吸取；The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书；The surrounding small towns have been absorbed
10、into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中；7. blame vt. 批评；声讨；归咎于 责任 n.责备； 过失、过错等 be to blame 应负责 无被动形式 常用结构：blame sb. for doing sth. 因做某事而指责某人 blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人 sb. be to blame fordoing sth. 因做某事某人应受到声讨 The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 同学因失败而责备老师；The careless driver is to blame for the
11、traffic accident happening yesterday. 那个马虎的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责；8. link vt. 连接；联系 n. 环；连接；联系；纽带 常用结构：link .to/with 将 和 连接/联系起来link up 连接起来The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 这条大路连接着上海和北京；Your story links up with his. 你所说的和他所说的能联系起来；A lot of links fitted together form a chain. 很多链环连在一起组成链条；Old fri
12、ends are a link with the past. 老伴侣是连接往事的纽带；易混辨析join/connect/combine/unite join 指的是任何事物的直接连接,连接的程度可紧可松,含有“ 仍能分开” 之意；常用结构join .to, join up；connect 指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来,事物的特点仍保持着,常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运；常用结构connect .with/to ；第 2 页,共 14 页combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起,结合后原先的部分可能仍不转变,但也可能失去其本性,常用结构comb
13、ine .with ；unite 强调紧密地结合成一体,含极难分开之意,常用结构 unite .with ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Please join this pole to that one. 请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来；This flight connects with New York one. 这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班；We should combine theory with practice. 我们应当理论联系实际；重点短语9. put forward 提出 看法、建议 ；举荐；提名；将表拨快 He p
14、ut forward a better plan. 他提出了一个更好的方案；Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary.我举荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？He puts forward several interesting plans. 他提出了几项令人感爱好的方案；It s an explanation often put forward by our friend. 这是我们的伴侣常常做出的说明；联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好p
15、ut down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回,送回10. look into 调查；明白；争论；朝 里面看联想拓展look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照管；照管look back 回头看look back to/upon/on 回忆；回想look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；查找look forward to 希望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把 看作look out 往外看；留意；当心look through 透过 看
16、；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅温馨提示look into与 ones face/eyes 等连用,表示“ 凝视”；He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有爱好地凝视着她的脸；Lets look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it. 让我们一起来争论这个问题,想出解决的方法；11. apart from 除 之外；脱离开；此外Apart from a few faults ,he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外,他是个
17、值得信任的老师；Apart from being too large, the trousers don除了太长,这条裤子的款式也不适合我；There can be no knowledge apart from practice. 没有学问能脱离实践；易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that apart from表示“ 除 外（别无）” 时相当于besides 和 except for, 但 apart from仍有“ 除 以外（仍）” 之意；另外, apart from, exce
18、pt for都可用于句首,但except 不能；except“ 除 ” （不包括其后的宾语） ,besides“ 除了 仍”“ 并且,而且”；（包括其后的宾语） ；另外, besides 仍可以作副词 ,表示but for 表示“ 假如不是由于 ” 之意（=If it were not for. 或 If it had not been for.）；in addition to 相当于 besides,表示“ 除 之外,仍有”（包括除去内容在内） ；except that 后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - -
19、- - - - - - 12. make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义 反义词组 make no sense Your story doesnt make sense to me. 你编的故事我听不明白；It makes good sense to take good care of your health. 照管好你的身体是明智的；联想拓展lose/recover ones sense=be out of one nse 失去 /复原知觉 ;丢失 /复原理智bring sb. to one s sense 使某人清醒过来come to one s sense 清醒过来make sens
20、e of 懂得；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in all sense 从任何意义上说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有道理；重点句型13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次暴发（霍乱）时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去；本句是一个复合句,every time 引导的是一个时间状语从句,意思是“ 每当 ”,相当于“when ” ；另外,此
21、状语从句中仍有一个“there be ” 结构； So many thousands of terrified people died 是主句；联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time 每次；每当at the time 在那个时候； （当 ）的时候any/next/the first/the last time 意为“ 任何 /下一次 /第一次 /最终一次” ；the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, “ 一 就 ”；directly, instantly 等都可以引导时间状语从句,意为She went t
22、o see him directly she got the letter. 她一收到信就去看他了；Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio. 一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了；She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故,就立刻赶到了现场；The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他仍需要两天；14. He placed a fixed sun
23、 at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it . 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星就环围着太阳转 此句中“with+ 宾语 +宾语补足语 v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases” 构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语,表示方式,缘由或条件等；With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在这位老人的带领下,我们开头向森林进发；She ran and ran with beads o
24、f sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑,汗珠顺着脸颊流下来；Unit 2 The United Kingdom 核心单词1. convenience n.便利 ;便利 联想拓展inconvenience n. 不便利 convenient adj. 便利的 ;相宜的 conveniently adv. 便利地,便利地 常用结构：at one s convenience 在某人便利的时候 for one s convenienceof 为了某人的便利for convenience s sake 为了便利起见 make a convenience of 利用 W
25、e bought this house for its convenience. 我们买下这所房子是为了便利；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Please come at your convenience.请在你便利的时候来；2. arrange v. 支配；排列；协商 常用结构：arrange for 支配 ,预备 arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事 The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by hi
26、s parents. 家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排；He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class.3. delight n. 欢乐 ;兴奋 ;欢乐vt. 使兴奋；使欣喜常用结构 : take/find/have delight in 宠爱 ;以 为乐to one s delight 令某人兴奋的是 delight in 嗜好；因 感到欢乐他家里支配他娶一个门当户对的女孩；Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet m
27、emory for the old days. 有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时间的人们带来欢乐；The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.电影喜羊羊与灰太郎使千万小伴侣获得欢乐；4. debate vi.& n. 辩论；争论 常用结构：debate with sb.about/over/on/upon sth. 与某人辩论某事 under debate 在辩论中 open a debate 开头辩论 易混辨析debate/argue debate 指各自陈述理由,强调公平、公开,气氛较为猛烈；a
28、rgue 意为“ 说理；争辩”,通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点,并妄想说服别人,着重使用说理的方式来论证主见；After much debate ,we decided to move to Beijing. 我们经过充分争论后打算迁往北京；They debated about the proposal for three days.他们为那项方案争辩了三天；I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep. 我入睡前始终在摸索这个问题；After a long debate the bill was passed in Congress. 经
29、过长时间的辩论后,议案在国会获得通过；5. influence n. 影响,有影响的人 或事 vt. 影响,转变 常用结构：have an influence on/upon/over. 对 有影响under the influence of 受到 的影响 易混辨析influence/affect/effect influence 指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的 ,潜移默化的影响；affect 指产生的影响之大足以引起反应 ,着重“ 影响” 的动作 ,有时含有“ 对 产生不利影响” 的意思；effect 指“ 实现” 、“ 达成”,着重指“ 造成” 一种特别的成效；My
30、 teachers influence made me study science at college. 受我老师的影响,我上高校学了理科；He was influenced by Michelangelo later on. 他后来受到米开朗琪罗的影响；Africas climate is strongly influenced by the continent非洲的气候受到它在地球上位置的剧烈影响；Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act. 由于可怕,有些人束手无策；6. available adj. 可获得的；可购
31、得的；可找到的 常用结构：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - available to sb. 能够被某人所用 /为某人所获得的available for sth. 能够为 所用的 /能够用于 的available to do sth. 能够用于某目的的Tickets are available from the box office. 售票处可以买到票；He is not available for the job. 他不适合做这个工作；TV sets are available in any department
32、 stores. 电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到；重点短语7. consist of 由 组成 用于主动语态=be made up of 联想拓展consist in 主要是；主要在于consist with 与 一样 /与 并存温馨提示以上词组都不能用于被动语态；Our class consisted of fifty students at that time. 当时我们班有 50 个同学；8. break away from 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；摆脱（束缚）;脱离；改掉 旧习惯 ；破除 旧做法 The thief broke away from the policeman. 小
33、偷从警察那里逃脱了；He broke away from all his old friends. 他同全部的老伴侣断绝了往来；You must break away from such habits. 你必需改掉那些习惯；联想拓展break down 坏掉；打破break into 闯入；打断 话题 break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发break through 突围；突破break up 分解 ;终止；放假break in 闯入；插话break off 中止；中断高手过招9. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑You have left out the
34、most important word in this sentence. 你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词；Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party.当你邀请人们去参与聚会时,别把我漏掉了；联想拓展leave for 动身到 某处 leave alone 不管；撇下 一个人leave aside 搁置leave behind 遗忘；遗留高手过招重点句型10. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe
35、the four countries. 没有必要再去争辩为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家；there is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事联想拓展there is no doubt that. 是毫无疑问的there is no possibility that. 是没有可能的there s no point in doing sth. 做 没用 /没意义It s no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth. 做某事没有好处 /害处 /用处there s no use/no good/ no point （in ）doing sth. 做某事没有
36、用处 /好处 /意义It is no wonder that. 难怪 There is no need to worry at all. 根本没必要焦急；There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用,人家根本不理睬；11. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这好像很奇怪：这位进展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世；名师归纳总结 - - -
37、- - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在“It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible” 及“ It is a pity/a shame/no wonder” 之后由 that 引导的主语从句中用“ should+v. ” 的形式, should 可省略； 此处“ should have+v. ed 分词” 结构用来表示 “ 竟然已经 ;竟然已经 ”,表示说话人对已经显现的事态感到“ 诧异、惊喜、怀疑” 等；It is necessary that he（should） be sent the
38、re at once.有必要立刻派他到那里去；It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly. 真古怪,这个轮子竟然转动得如此慢；It is a great pity/shame/that he should be so conceited. 真遗憾,他竟会这样自高自大；I m surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很古怪,他竟然会这么傻；Unit 3 Life in the future 核心单词1. impression n.印痕；印记；印象；感想常用结构：have an imp
39、ression of sth. doing sth. 对做某事有印象make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对 无影响成效give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象an impression of one s foot 某人的脚印Your performance gave me a strong impression. 你的表演给我留下了很深的印象；What I said made no impression on him. 我的话对他不起作用；联想拓展impress v. 留下印象imp
40、ress sth.on upon one s mind 把 牢记在心上2. lack v.&n. 缺乏；缺少的东西留意： lack 作名词时,后常接 of；lack 作动词时,既可作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,作不及物动词时,后常接for 或 in； lack 不用于被动语态；常用结构：lack sth. 缺少某物lack for sth. 缺少；需要for/through lack of. 因缺乏 no lack of. 不缺乏a/the lack of . 的缺乏He didn t go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里,由于他缺乏士气；The
41、plant died for lack of water. 植物因缺水而死；They lacked for nothing. 他们无所需求；联想拓展lacking adj. 匮乏的；不足的；没有的be lacking in 缺乏（品质、特点等）She seems to be lacking in common sense.她好像缺乏常识；3. sightn. 视力；视觉；观察；光景,奇迹；名胜常用结构：lose sight of 看不见；遗忘；失去第 7 页,共 14 页catch sight of sth./sb. 观察某物 /人at first sight 初看之下；乍看起来at the
42、sight of 一观察就 out of sight 看不见be in sight 看得见,在眼前Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见 ,心不烦；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing. 去年夏天我们游玩了北京的名胜；Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man 4. require vt. 需要；要求；命令 常用结构：克鲁索看到一行人的脚印,他特别可怕；require that+ 主语
43、+should+ 动词原形 需要某人做某事 require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事require sth. （of sb. ）要求（某人）某事 I will do everything that is required of me. 凡是要求我的事,我都会办到；The situation requires that I （should）be there.形势需要我去那里；温馨提示require 后接宾语从句时,宾语从句必需用 should do 的虚拟语气,其中 should 可以省略；另外,表示“ 需要”,且是物作主语时,后接动词 ing 形式的主动形式表示被动含义,可
44、以等于不定式被动形式；在这一点上, need 和 want 用法相同；The house requires mending.=The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要修理；All cars require servicing regularly. 全部汽车都需要定期检修；They required him to keep it a secret. 他们要求他对这事保密；5. assist vt.&vi. 帮忙；救济；参与;出席常用结构：assist sb. in/with sth. 帮忙 某人 某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮忙 某人 做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮忙 某人 做某事 assist with 帮忙 照管,做 ；在 上赐予帮忙 I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity. 有机会我愿随时帮你；Im afraid I can t assist you, you have to go and see the