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1、学习必备欢迎下载Unit3 The Million Pound Bank NoteI. Grammar宾 语 从 句 和表语从句1. I know him .主语谓语宾语（简单句） 2. I know who he is . （复合句）所以，宾语从句的概念：宾语从句就是在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句 + 连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句II (1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词（引导词）由that引导，因为 that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 。EG ： 1. Im sorry （that ） I didn t know yo
2、u want to join the Party. 2. I afraid(that)I cant accept your invitation. 3. Lily says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. （要在课件中加上课文的三句原话！）(2) 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连词由whether 或 if引导（口语中常用if ），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。EG ： 1. I want to know if/whether he has passed the ex
3、am. 2. She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books . 3.Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . 但在下面几种情况下whether 和 if不能互换：whether 后面有 or not出现时。例如：I don t know whether or not she can arrive on time.我不知道她是否会准时到达。宾语从句放在句首时，whether 不可由 if来替换。例如： Wh ether he will succeed
4、, we cant say. 他是否能成功，我们说不准。还有，引导主语，表语，同位语从句时候；引导从句作介词宾语的时候；后接动词不定式时候；作discuss等词的宾语。(3) 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（ when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略. EG ：1. The teacher asked the new student which class he was in. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - -
5、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载（which 引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class ，意为“哪个”。） 2. Do you know what he said just now ?（what 修饰 said ，相当于” the things that”做宾语。）3. I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（ where 在从句中作地点状语，修饰got ，意为“哪里；什么地方
6、”。）所以，可以看出：当引导词是that的时候，宾语从句的类型为陈述句，that可以省略；当引导词为if/whether的时候，宾语从句的类型为一般疑问句，if/whether不能省略；当引导词为特殊疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或者（ when, where, how, why）的时候，宾语从句的类型为特殊疑问句。III时态问题：1. 如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）相应任何时态。 I know he lives here . I kno
7、w he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow。2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it . I th
8、ought I had sent the letter a week before. 3. 当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。 The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月球绕着地球转。4. 语序 : 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语 +其他成分。这里要特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，而不是疑问句的倒装语序。I don t know what he wants to buy . 名师资料总
9、结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载I don t know what does he want to buy . Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? 练习：单项选择1.I don t know_ we can live on the island without any fo
10、od.A. where B what C how D that 2.Could you tell me _? A Where is the part ? B Whos on duty ?C Whose book is this ? D What are they doing ? 3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun. A moved B moves C move D moving 4.Could you tell me _? A if he would come tomorrow B will he come tomorrow
11、 C whether he will come tomorrow D If he comes tomorrow 5. I didnt know that Mr. Smith _yet.A.Has returned B has returned C had returned D returned 答案： C B B C C 填空：1 . -Can you tell me _ the man is ? - He is my brother. 2. I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor asks _ medicine
12、you have taken. 4. I d like to know _he can help me or not.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载答案： 1. who 2. when 3. what 4. Whether 表语从句：用做表语的从句叫表语从句，它的位置一般放在系动词be 后面。（1）它的连接词主要有四大类：A 从属连词一般有that 和 whether ：但是， that 引导的
13、表语从句, 本身无意义 , 但不能省略 . ；而 whether 引导的表语不能在表语从句中用 if 替代 . 1. The mother s question was that she has no time to look after her daughter. （that ）在句子中无意义，但是不能省略。2.The question is whether that boy will turn up in time. （whether ）表示“是否“，但是不能用 if 替代。B连接代词一般有：who 和 what ，在表语从句中可充当主语, 宾语 , 有自己的词义. 1. Tom is n
14、o longer what he used to be .（ what ：在这里表示。的样子）2. The problem is who we can get to answer this question。问题是我们找谁能解决这个问题。C 连接副词哟本有：where ,when, why, how 在表语从句中可充当地点, 时间 , 原因 ,方式状语 . 1.That is where I can t agree with you.2.The next morning Id just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a
15、 ship. 3. Thats why we ve given you the letter. 4. The question is how the thief got into the house. （2）特殊情况 : A because 引导的表语从句的结构. That s because I love my mother so much. (because)引导的就是表语从句，而because of 后面接的是名词。B as if / as though引导的表语从句常在连系动词 look , seem, sound , be , become 后面 . It seemed as if the brothers were playing a joke on Henry. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -