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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语 定语从句 疑难点解析及疑难题目详解I.只能用关系代词编著者：安徽亳州三中王丽胜that 的情形1.先行词里同时含有人和物时；如：I can still remember the students and picturesthat I saw in the classroom. 2 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级或基数词时；无论指人、指物如：Lin Zexu was the first Chinese that opened his eyes to the world in modern Chines
2、e history. 这里的 that 不能 换成 who There are threethat are in excellent quality. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the worst that I have met. This is the best composition that I have written. He is the second student that passed the exam. He is the worst that I have met.
3、这是我见过的最差的一个；3.先行词被 the very, the only, the right, the same, the last, the one,等词修饰时；如：This is the very laptop that I am going to buy. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. That s the only thing that we can do now. 4.先行词为 everything, anything,something, nothing, none, the oneone some,
4、no, none of, 等修饰时；如：Everything that he has done is in vain.他所做的一切都是白费的；He told me everything that he knew. Is there anything that I can do for you. He did everything that he can do for me. 见 II-1 等不定代词时 ,或由 every,any,I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else s fault. No news t
5、hat he tells us is good. Ex.: You can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_you might get in the future. A. that;what B.what; / C.which; that D./ ; that 答案： B 解析：be sure of 后面缺少宾语,从句的 have 也缺少宾语,故第一个空选 what 引导宾语从句并且作 have 的宾语； 其次个空是 that 引导的定语从句,that 在定语从句中作宾语所以省略了；综上
6、：第一个空必需是 what,其次个空可以是 that/不填；【* 不同于上面所讲的 everything, anything 等不定代词的用法,先行词是 one,ones, anyone 或 those指代人时,只能用 who 不能用 that 如：She was so angry that he said to her father that he would not marry anyone whocould not run faster than her. 】5.先行词是 all ,much, little, few ,many, any,或先行词被 饰时；All that I can
7、do for her is to cry with her.all,much,liitle,few ,many,any,every,no 等所修6.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 , 无论指人仍是指物, 都用 that；此时的 that 常可省略；如 : China is no longer the country that it used to be. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语 He is not the naughty boy that he was in the past. 7.主句是 there be 结构,主语为物,其后的定语从句用 that,不用 which ；【主语是人,其后的定
8、语从句用 who,不用 that】如： On the table there are two apples that you can take to school. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In the office there is an old lady whois waiting for you. 8.主句是 who 开头的特别疑问句,该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用that（或 whom）；主句是 which 开头的特别疑问句,为防止重复,该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用 that；Who is
9、the girl that is singing an English song. Who is the man that/ whom I saw this morning. Which is the book that you like. 9.定语从句中套有另一个定语从句,期中一个关系代词已用 which ；He visited a factory which produced things that sold well. II. 适合用 who 而不用 that 指人的情形：他参观了一个工厂,其制造的产品很畅销；1. 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代
10、词； （the one 见）One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 一个无所恐惧的人敢于说真话；2.先行词后有后置定语；I m writing to a friend in England who is studying in OxfordUniversity. 3.在 there be 结构中；There are many young people who like his song very much. 4.一个句子中有两个定语从句,期中一个用了that,为防止重复另一个宜用who ；The girl
11、 that you met yesterday is an English teacher who teaches well. III. 只能用关系代词which 的情形1. 关系代词前面有介词时；如：This is the house in which we live in New Zealand. 不行以是 in that 2.先行词为 that,those,并且指物时,要用 which ；如：What s that which is floating on the river. 河里漂着的那个东西是什么？【假如先行词是that,those,但是指人时,要用who 或 whom,不能用 t
12、hat】如： The park will also honor thosewho helped the survivors. Those who want to see the film please write down your names here. 3.引导非限制性定语从句时；如：Their son came back, which made Mr. and Mrs. Edison Happy. 4.一个句子同时有两个定语从句,其中一个是由that 引导的,另一个用who,以免重复； （指人时）IV .as做关系代词1. 关系代词as 既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从
13、句,as 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；as 引导限制性定语从句,常用于以下句式： such+ 名词 +as “ 像 一样的；像 之类”the same+ 名词 +as “ 和 同样的” We have found such materials as are used in their factory.as 作主语 我们已找到了他们工厂里用的那种材料；我想读你看的那本书；I want to read such a book as you read. =I want to read t he same book as you read. such as ,as 引导定语从句、先行词是such；su
14、ch 为代词,意为“ 这样的人或物” This book is not such as I expect.这不是一本我所期望的书；as 引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代整个句子的内容,置于主句前面或后面；As you know, that dictionary was written chiefly for Chinese students. 你知道的,那本字典是专为中国同学编写的；Her performance was wonderful, as we had expected. =Her performance was wonderful, which we had expected.as引
15、导非限制性定语从句,置于主名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 句后面时,可以用 which 代替 as 正如我们所预料的,她的表演棒极了；众所周知,中国是个进展中国家；As we all know, China is a developing country. As is known to all ,China is a developing country. Ex.:2022 天津高考, 14 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,_d
16、o many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D.though 解析： as+do+主语结构表示“A B也一样” ,as 位于从句首,助动词提前构成倒装；2. as 与 which 的区分定语从句 区分限制性定语从句中 1. 名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时,关系代词用 as,不能用 which ；2. 名词前有 such 修饰时, 如从句是一个完整的句子,用 that ,此时 that 引导结果状语从句；如从句不是完整的句子,如缺少主语、宾语,用 as 引导定语从句；3.the
17、same as 指同样或同类的,the same that 指同一个；非限制性定语从句中 4.as 和 which 都指代前面整个句子的内容；as 译为“ 正如,像”,放在主句前、后皆可； which 译为“ 这件事”,只能放在主句后；【2】 This book is written in such easy English that I can read it. 结果状语从句,that 从句中不缺主语、宾语,that 只起连接作用,无词义,不作句子成分 This book is written in such easy English as I can read.宾语从句, as代指 boo
18、k,在从句中作 read 的宾语 【3】 This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 同类 This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 同一个 【4】 They won the game, as we had expected.表示预料之中 They won the game, which we had not expected.表示预料之外 【4】 As was planned, we met at the school gate. 【 5】 Summary : the same-as-和
19、 the same-that- 都是定语从句；such-as- 是定语从句； such-that- 是结果状语从句；V. 介词 +which/whom 引导定语从句的特点：Part 1.关系代词用作介词的宾语时,介词可以放于从句句首也可放于从句句末；介词放于从句句末时,关系代词可省略；如：This is the person whom you are going to work with. 2. 当先行词指人时,并且介词放在定语从句的句首时,关系代词要用 用 which ,而不用 that；whom,而不用 who； 指物时要留意：1.一些固定搭配中, 一般不将介词与动词分开,将介词提到关系代
20、词之前,如 listen to, look at, depend on, take care of, look into, look for 等； 什么叫固定搭配？当动词和介词组成的是个有特别意思的词组的时候就不能提前；比如, look for, look after. 这些词组的意思是单纯 look 和 for 没有的, 只能放在一起； 但如 borrow from, live in ,talk with, talk to ,write to 就可以将介词提前；This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. =This is the girl fr
21、om whom I borrowed a book. Is this the room which he once lived in. 这就是我向她借书的那个女孩；=Is this the room in which he once lived. 这是他曾经住过的房子吗 . 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句,是定语从句语一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系；当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演化出“ 介词+关系代词” 句型；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资
22、料 - - - - - - - - - The man whomwhothatyou should write to is Mr. White. whom 作 to 的宾语, to 在谓语动词之后 =The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. 你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生Part 一、当先行词指人时,用“ 介词 +whom ” 句型留意：此时不用 who 或 that；介词 to 置于 whom 前, whom 作宾语 1The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom 不能省略,
23、也不用who 或 that）2The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back from London 二、先行词指物时,用“ 介词 +which ” 句型留意：先行词指物时,不能用关系代词that 直接跟在介词后作宾语；例如：1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which 不能改为 that）2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which 不能改为 that）三、介词
24、的挑选和运用是重中之重1.依据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词；先行词不同,与之习惯搭配的介词也不同；例如：1Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time. 2Do you still remember the days during which we worked together. 2.依据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词；动词不同,要求与之搭配的介词不同,动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭；例如：1He lost the book in which he kept many telepho
25、ne numbers. 2I dont know the person to whom you talked just now. 留意 : “ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句 , 关系代词只能用 which 和 whom, 且不能省略；介词主要依据三个方面来挑选 : 一是先行词与介词的搭配 ; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配 ; 三是依据“ 介词 +关系代词” 在从句中的作用及意义；1 当关系代词作 look after, look for, take care of 等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语（. 含有介词的动词短语）的宾语时 , 介词不行以提前；2 如介词放在关系代词前
26、,关系代词指人时用 whom,不行用 who 或者 that；指物时用 which ,不能用that；如： Is this the book which you are looking for. 如写成 for which you are looking 就错了；2.介词的选用必需遵循的三个原就：依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；This is the book onwhich I spent five yuan. This is the book for which I paid five yuan. This is the book from which I learnt a
27、lot. This is the book in which there are few new words. This is the book about which Tom often talks . 依据与先行词的搭配习惯来确定；I still remember the day on which I joined the League. I still remember the days during which I lived in the country. I still remember the years in which I stayed there. 依据句子所表达的意思来确
28、定；Part True or False Exercise 1. 含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等1 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking. F 2. 如介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用 whom,不行用 who 或者 that ；指物时用 which ,不能用 that ；关系代词是全部格时用 whose 1 The man with whom you talk
29、ed is my friend. T 2 The man with that you talked is my friend. F 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. T 4 The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. F 这里的talk with sb,fly in the plane,并不属于固定搭配, 是直接就可以凑成的搭配
30、, 所以其介词可以提前 VI.whose= of which the 如：（2022 湖南高考, 26）I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana, a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D.whose 解析：答案D a city whose name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our min
31、d. =a city of which the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. =a city the name of which will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. VII.why= for which 关系副词why 的先行词常为reason, 在从句中作缘由状语,相当于“for which”Do you know the reason why he left early
32、. = Do you know the reason for which he left early. 但是,即便是先行词是表示缘由的名词,但假如定语从句中缺的是主语、宾语或表语, 关系词仍是要用that或 which （缺的是表语不行用which ）如： The reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable. 我不知道他缺课的缘由； I dont know the reason why/for which he was absent from class. =I don t know the reason which/that he was ab
33、sent from class for. VIII. 关系代词无论是做动词的宾语仍是做介词的宾语都可以省略；Can you lend me the novel_the other day. A. that you talked B.you talked about it C. which you talked with D.you talked about 答案： D；答案仍可以使 which you talked about 或 that you talked about IX. 特别的关系副词 that ,在口语中课代替关系副词,要求指代的先行词是表示方式的名词如 the way ,在从句
34、中 that （=in which）充当从句的状语 . 我们不喜爱他与母亲说话的方式；We all dont like the way that he spoke to his mother先行词the way是表示方式的名词,that在从句中充当状语（此句为口语的用法）=We all dont like the way in which he spoke to his mother. * 需要留意的是how不用于引导定语从句,可以用in which 或是 that ；X. 特别的介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句介词 +which+ 名词（在定语从句中一起作状语）,此结构可转换为：and+ 介词
35、 +that this+ 名词结构； Jane lived in Paris for 5 years, during which time=and during this timeshe learned French. 介词短语 +关系代词（在从句中一般作状语）,此结构可转换为介词 +whose+名词结构； He lived in a house , in front of which there was a tall tree. =He lived in a house in whose front there was a tall tree. =He lived in a house an
36、d in its front there was a tall tree. XI. 特别定语从句名师归纳总结 类别 1：分隔式定语从句：先行词与关系词之间被某些结构如介词短语、不定式短语等分开第 5 页,共 12 页A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English. 类别 2：插入式定语从句：关系代词与从句中插入一个句子Last year I met a strange man, I still remember today, who seemed to come from a fairy story. 类别 3：省略式定语从
37、句：介词 +关系代词 +不定式可转换为介词 +关系代词 +定语从句- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - She made enough money with which to buy a new computer. =She made enough money with which she could buy a new computer. 类别 4：关系副词where 之前一般不加介词,但from where 是个特例,此时where 指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词；I stood near the window, from where I could
38、 see the street.此时 where 指代的地点短语是near the window He climbed up to the top floor the whole city came into view. of the tower and soon his head appeared out of the window,_ A. of which B. from which C. from where D.where 答案： C 解析：此时where 指代的地点短语是out of the window whole city came into view. 区分于 ： Soon
39、we climbed up to the top of the mountain,_the A.of which B.from which C. when D.from where 答案： B；这里的 which 指代的是 the top of the mountain. 【Summary:比较句子与我们可以得出这样的规律：where 指代的是介词 +地点名词,也就是说 where指代的是经典的地点状语,即介词 +地点名词】 类别 5：当先行词是 case , situation,condition,point,position,stage 等时,常用关系副词 where；There are
40、some cases, where the rule is unfit to use. “ The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”类别 6： when有时可作关系代词,意为“ 那时”,跟在介词 during ,since,before 等后I went to bed at 10, before wh
41、en I was reading a novel. 类别 7：当先行词 time 表示“ 次数” 时,定语从句用 that 引导,或 that 省略,当 time 表“ 时期” “ 一段时间” 时应用 when/at which/during which 引导 Its the first time that Ive been here. 此时的是特别的关系副词 that ,见第 IX 条 Ill never forget the time when/during which we played together. XII. 定语从句难题收集：1.Having a chat with an ol
42、d friend you havent seen for ten years is a pleasant thing,_I prefer very much. A.it B.that C.what D.one 答案： D ； 解析：逗号后面的部分可以用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 a pleasant thing, 但选项中没有 which ； 此处可用代词 one 作 a pleasant thing 的同位语, one 后面跟有一个定语从句,由于关系代词在此定语从句中作 prefer 的宾语,故省略了；2. The way_he looks at problems is wr
43、ong. A.which B. whose C what D./ 答案： D ；解析：记住一点：the way 作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时,其后的的引导词可以是that/in which,也可以省略,应选D项；3.The freezing point is the temperature_water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C.in which D. of what 答案： A 解析：在某个温度用介词at ,如： Water boils at a temperature of 100 C.The seeds should be st
44、ored at low temperatures. 4. Ill tell you_he told me last week. A. all which B.that C.all that D. which 名师归纳总结 答案： C 解析：先行词是all,much, little, few ,many, any,或先行词被all,much,liitle,few ,many, any第 6 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 所修饰时,关系代词只能用that；这里的that 在定语从句中做直接宾语,也可以省去；所以空格中可以填all 或 all that；5.That tree,_branches are almost bare, is very old. A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which ,whose branches are almost bare=of which 答案： A； 解析： 有人会误选 B；其实 whose=of which+the 所以 the branches are almost