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1、第五单元过关检测(时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2019山东高密高一上学期期中)The University of Tokyo has several museums covering various fields such as medicine,agriculture and art.Here are brief introductions to their histories and exhibits.TheUniversityMuseu
2、mHaving collected over three million academic materials for its collection since the University of Tokyo was founded in 1877,the University Museum is the largest museums of its kind in Japan.From the time its reorganisation into an independent entity in May 1996,the University Museum has held exhibi
3、tions over 60 times.TheMuseumofHealthandMedicineThe Museum of Health and Medicine seeks to provide information about health and medicine for the general public and advanced education for students studying medicine.The museum features both a permanent exhibition space and a temporary exhibition space
4、,with the latter focusing on topics related to medical care and the study of medicine.TheAgriculturalMuseumThe Agricultural Museum displays materials from the collection of the Universitys Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences.Notable items on display include the documents and portraits
5、of scientists attached to the university,inner organs of Japans famous dog Hachiko,and drawings showing German agriculture and the varieties of Japanese cows.TheFarmMuseumThe Farm Museum opened in 2007 within a rebuilt dairy barn.The barn was built in 1934 as part of the moving of the University of
6、Tokyos farm from Komaba to Tanashi,an area in western Tokyo.The museum features both permanent and temporary exhibitions.Permanent exhibitions include European farming tools used on the KomabaFarm,tools for agricultural experiments,agriculturalmachinery,American tractors and drawings showing German
7、agriculture.1.What can we know about the University Museum?A.It was founded in 1877.B.It has held over 60 exhibitions.C.It has the most items collected.D.It is the largest museum in Japan.答案B解析细节理解题。根据TheUniversityMuseum中“FromthetimeitsreorganisationintoanindependententityinMay1996,theUniversityMuse
8、umhasheldexhibitionsover60times.”可知,该博物馆举办过60多次展览。故选B项。2.WhichshouldyouvisitifyouareinterestedinallkindsofJapanesecows?A.TheFarmMuseum.B.TheUniversityMuseum.C.TheAgriculturalMuseum.D.TheMuseumofHealthandMedicine.答案C解析细节理解题。根据TheAgriculturalMuseum中最后一句“Notableitemsondisplay.andthevarietiesofJapanesec
9、ows.”可知,如果你对各种日本奶牛感兴趣可以来农业博物馆。故选C项。3.Whatsthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducemuseums.B.Togivetheuniversitysomeadvice.C.Tomaketheuniversityfamous.D.Toattractvisitorstomuseums.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Herearebriefintroductionstotheirhistoriesandexhibits.”可知,本文主要目的是介绍东京大学几个博物馆以及它们的历史和展品。故选A项。B(2019安徽安庆高一上学期期末)T
10、he situation of the worlds plants is not good.One fifth of the kinds of plants are in danger of disappearing,according to a report.“Plants are very vital to human beings,” said Kathy Willis,who led the new report.“Plants provide us with everythingfood,fuel,medicine,and they are very important for ou
11、r climate controlling.Without plants we would not be here.”The good news is that deforestation rates(森林砍伐率) around the world have dropped largely since the 1950s.However,this report on the health of plants around the world shows that there is much more to be done.The report predicts that there are n
12、ow 390,900 kinds of plants.And about 21 percent of those plants are in danger of disappearing.“The good side is that were still discovering lots of new plants,about 2,000 each year,” said DrWillis.“The bad side is that weve seen a huge change in land cover,mainly caused by cultural activity,with a l
13、ittle bit of climate change as well.”Human activity has a great effect on the danger of plants disappearing.As humans cut down forests to make room for agriculture,towns and cities,biodiversity(生物多样性) is lost.This could not only affect our own food supply directly,but also it could affect the food c
14、hain.4.What does the underlined word “vital” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Useless.B.Friendly.C.Equal.D.Important.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据后文“Plantsprovideuswitheverythingfood,fuel,medicine,andtheyareveryimportantforourclimatecontrolling.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”可知植物为我们提供了一切食物、燃料、药物,它们对我们控制气候非常重要。没有植物,我们
15、就不会在这里。故KathyWillis说的是植物对人类非常重要。可知画线单词意思为“重要的”。故选D项。5.WhichofthefollowingdoesDrWillisagreewith?A.Newplantsaremorethaneverbefore.B.Abouthalftheplantswilldisappearsoon.C.Manynewplantsarefoundeveryyear.D.Plantsmustntbeusedtoproducemedicine.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thegoodsideisthatwerestilldiscoveringlotsofn
16、ewplants,about2,000eachyear,saidDrWillis.”并结合选项可知Willis博士会同意每年都发现许多新植物的说法。故选C项。6.Whatdowelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Wehavemadelittleprogress.B.Thereisalongwayforustogo.C.Wehaveachievedourgoal.D.Therewillbenothingwecando.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,thisreportonthehealthofplantsaroundtheworldshowsthat
17、thereismuchmoretobedone.”可知,我们还有很长的路要走。故选B项。7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BiodiversityBeingLostB.HumanSocialActivityC.EnvironmentProtectionD.NatureClimateChange答案A解析标题归纳题。结合文章可知,文章主要讲述植物物种面临消失,植物对人类非常重要,植物所面临的险境会导致生物多样性丧失,这种变化最终将会危害到人类自身。可知A选项“生物多样性正在丧失”符合文章标题。故选A项。CCalifornia has lost half its b
18、ig trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffect
19、ed,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline,said P
20、atrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of Califo
21、rnia forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the
22、 greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,airtemperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s
23、,McIntyresaid,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.8.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousn
24、ess of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.答案A解析段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知,在加利福尼亚不同的地区,大树减少的程度都非常严重。由此可知,本段主要讲述加利福尼亚大树减少的严峻性。所以选A项。9.Which of the following is we
25、ll-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.”可知,对野火的控制本意是好的,但这却
26、使得许多小树和大树争夺资源。故选D项。10.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“.thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures.”可知,C项正确。11.What can be a sui
27、table title for the text?A.CaliforniasForests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍加利福尼亚大树数目不断减少的原因。所以选A项。DHow doe
28、s an ecosystem(生态系统) work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models,scientists have found out
29、 some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,forinstance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked.Food
30、 webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the swi
31、tch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists
32、proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fished f
33、or top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human ac
34、tivities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientistssay,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.12.What have scientists discovered with t
35、he help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“scientistshavefoun
36、dout.infoodwebs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则。故选B项。13.A strong link is found between two species when a predator .A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“Whenapredator.arestronglylinked”得出结论只吃一种猎物是“stronglink”。14.W
37、hat will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species
38、will experience unexpected changes.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Mathematicalmodels.entireecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。15.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal ha
39、bitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡”。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2019四川乐山高一上学期期末)Clean eating does not have an official definition(定
40、义),but it basically means that you avoid processed(加工过的) and packaged foods in favour of foods that are in their natural state.16 Then how to start clean eating?Focusonfruitsandvegetables.The basis of a clean eating plan should be whole,unprocessed fruits and vegetables.17 Include 1 or 2 servings of
41、 vegetables or fruit with every meal.If you dont like to wash and cut produce yourself,you can buy pre-washed and cut fresh produce.Add2to3servingsofwholegrainseachday.Whole grains should make up the majority of your food since they contain more fiber and nutrients(养分) than white grains.Lessen white
42、 bread,pasta,flour and rice.1819 Protein helps to keep you feeling full for longer than carbs(碳水化合物) or fats,so make sure to get 2 to 3 servings of protein per day.All or most of the meals you eat should have 1 serving of lean protein.Drinkwaterasyourmainsourceofliquid.20 Make sure that you are drin
43、king at least eight 8 glasses of water daily.Drink water with your meals and between them to keep yourself hydrated(含水的).Try carrying a water bottle wherever you go and refill it as needed throughout the day!A.Water is essential to a clean eating plan.B.Add a serving of lean protein to each meal.C.R
44、eplace these foods with whole grains choices.D.Try to buy fresh fruits and vegetables whenever possible.E.It is important to read labels(标签) when you eat out.F.It is a popular way to make sure that you are having healthier foods.G.Fat helps with satisfaction,but too much fat will increase your overa
45、ll calorie intake.答案1620 FDCBA第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2019山西运城高一上学期期中)Our family enjoyed a beautiful house plant for over thirty years.It had stayed with us through 21 years and good times,pain and joy.I had never thought of 22 it.How
46、ever,two weeks ago,we23 some changes of its leaves,which began to lose its colour.We watered and looked after it even to the point of 24it,like a child.But it just showed no sign of 25.We finally picked a few almost dead leaves and 26 replanting them in another small pot.What 27 us was that these le
47、aves which had been planted in the new pot grew strong.In order to know the reason 28 the house plant died,we dug the dead plant out of the pot.Then,it became 29 to usits roots were in disorder,completely tangling up(绞在一起).They had grown so massive(大量的) that they 30 the sides of the pot.Our once-bea
48、utiful plant 31 because it grew out of its environmentit became root-bound(根满盆的).People can become root-bound,too.Those who32 personal growth or development often want to make 33 that can lead to greater achievements(成就) or much more happiness.However,they more often 34 they outgrow their environment and want to 35.Their views become larger and they need 36 environment to live in.They need people who will make 37 for their growth.If they cannot be 38,some proble