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1、高考维“升”素35医学常识（时间：30分钟 分值：31分）维A1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材网站：http：/高考曾用材料：2010湖北卷C篇选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in the beginning.It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certai
2、n selflimiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care.It generally consists of series of simple lifesaving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of hu
3、man patients.Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first aid and are taught everywhere.Particularly，the “ABC”s of first aid，which focus on critical lifesaving action，must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway，Breathing，and Circulation.The same
4、 mnemonic is used by all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.Choking is a lifethreatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.Some organizations add a fourth s
5、tep of “D” for Deadly bleeding，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain the ABCs depend on the skill level of the first aider.Once the ABCs are secured，first aiders can begin additional treatments，as required.Some organizations teach the same or
6、der of priority using the “3Bs” ：Breathing，Bleeding，and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously，certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR and chest compressions to someone who is not breathing and
7、has no pulse.Notes：lay adj.外行的render vt.实施priority n优先权长短句分析：While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.句法点睛：本句中，while引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”。句意：尽管急救可以用在动物身上，但这个术语一般指对病人的救助。【语篇解读】 急救是指在最后的医疗救护到来之前对病人实施的初步的救助。在实施急救过程中，我们要把握好“ABC”策略，即“气道、呼吸、循环”三要素。也有人
8、增加了D元素，即“流血”的处理。无论怎样只要我们掌握合理的急救知识，病人就能得到救助。1What does “It” in the first paragraph refer to?AFirst aid.BDefinitive medical treatment.CFurther medical care.DAn injury.答案A词义猜测题。联系第一句作者给first aid下的定义，以及“series of simple lifesaving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equi
9、pment”可知，it在这里指急救。2When we talk about first aid we usually mean _ according to the passage.Agiving professional helpBgiving original help to humansCtreating animalsDany help to animals and humans答案B细节理解题。联系第二段中的“the term generally refers to care of human patients”可知，尽管急救可以指对动物的救助，但是一般来说，只指对人实施的最初救助。
10、D有一定的干扰性，救助是指对病人实施的救助，而不是任何帮助都叫“first aid”。3When giving first aid we must first make sure _.Athe airway is clearBthe patient must breatheCwe have necessary medical toolsDthe patient is not choked答案A细节理解题。从“Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.”可知，确保病人气道通畅，这是最重要的。4While
11、 a man is choked we should _.Abegin additional treatmentsBmake sure he has pulseCmake him breathe smoothlyDtake two steps at the same time答案C细节理解题。从“Choking is a lifethreatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.”可知，对窒息病
12、人而言，确保他呼吸是最重要的。维A2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材网站：http：/高考曾用材料：2010安徽卷D篇选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：Jeremy Wirick,9，has been back in school for less than two months，but he has already had several asthma attacks.A recent attack happened on October 2，after he pushed himself too hard in gym class.Running，power walking，joggi
13、ng and pushups took their toll.When Jeremy got home an hour or two later，he was out of breath.He needed to use a nebulizer，a machine that helps send medicine quickly to the lungs，to get his breathing back to normal.Asthma attacks like Jeremy increase in September and October.More than six times as m
14、any asthma sufferers who are elementaryschool age need hospital treatment in the fall as in the summer.Experts believe many factors can contribute to backtoschool asthma.Kids get together in close spaces，they start passing viruses around.A viral infection can cause an asthma attack.There are also ce
15、rtain fall allergies that can cause attacks.Exercise is another common cause of an attack.Besides，the stress of school can make asthma worse.Parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school year right.Dawne Gees 10yearold son，Alexander，has had asthma since he was a baby.Befor
16、e the school year starts，she tells school workers in writing about her sons asthma.The Gees live in Kentucky，which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication with them at school.Alexanders mom makes sure he has his inhaler with him when he goes to school and that he keeps it
17、on hand at all times.In Delaware，where Jeremy lives，kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school.The American Lung Association says that about 6.2 million American children suffer from asthma.Asthma is the chronic illness that causes students to miss the most days of school.There are many thin
18、gs that schools can do to help students control their asthma.Notes：asthma n哮喘allergy n过敏症medication n药物治疗inhaler n人工呼吸器chronic adj.慢性的【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章首先通过Jeremy Wirick向我们讲述了哮喘病的表现方式，接着讲述了它的起因以及预防措施。1The passage mainly deals with _.Ahow to prevent and treat asthmaBwhat asthma is and its symptomsCthe
19、sideeffects asthma has on kidsDthe causes of asthma and its treatment答案D主旨大意题。文章第一段引出要讨论的话题哮喘病，接着作者介绍了哮喘病的起因及治疗方法，最后指出父母和学校应该有责任帮助孩子们治疗和预防哮喘病，故最佳答案为D。2Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?AKids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fall.BStress can add to the risk o
20、f asthma attacks.CMedical officials should be blamed for asthma attacks.DAsthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment.答案C推理判断题。由第二段可判断A项正确；由第三段最后一句可判断B项正确；由第五段可判断D项正确。而C项文中没有提及，符合题意。3The passage lists many factors that cause asthma attacks EXCEPT _.Aa viral infection Bunhealthy habitsCcertai
21、n fall allergies Dphysical exercise答案B细节理解题。由第三段可以判断A、C、D都是引起哮喘病的原因，只有B项没有提到。4The following paragraph is probably going to talk about _.Atips on asthma for schoolsBa survey on students with asthmaCthe effects asthma has on studentsDfurther understanding of asthma答案A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“There are many thing
22、s that schools can do to help students control their asthma.”可以推测接下来要讨论学校帮助学生控制哮喘病的措施，故A项为正确答案。维B 短文改错(每题1.5分，满分15分)下面文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。A man and his bored wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife past away.The undertaker(殡仪员) told
23、 a husband，“You can have her shipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her there，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked，“Why would you spend $5,000 shipped your wife home，when that would be wonderful to be buried he
24、re and you would spend only $150？” The man replied，“Long ago a man died here，buried here，and three days later he rose in the dead.He just cant take that chance.”答案A man and his wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife away.The undertaker(殡仪员)told husband，“You can have her sh
25、ipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her ，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked， “Why would you spend $5,000 your wife home，when would be wonderful to be buried here and you would spend only $150？”The man replied，“Long ago a man died here， buried here，and three days later he rose the dead. just cant take that chance.”- 6 -