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1、第四学时Grammar观察领悟观察领悟下列句子，注意“it”的用法。1._It_was John who_/_that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.2._It_was an old bike_that John bought yesterday in a marketplace.3. It_was yesterday that John bought an old bike in a marketplace.4. It_was in a marketplace that_John bought an old bike yester
2、day.5._It_was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.6._Was_it_during the Second World War_that he died?7. Was_it last year that you got the degree?8. Where was_it that you met Tom yesterday? 自我总结在英语中，我们常用“It is/was . who/ that .”句型来强调句子的某一成分(一般是句子的_、_或_， 但不能是句子的谓语)。在这个句型中，i
3、t没有词汇意义，只是引出_的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用_或_来连接都可以。如果是其他成分，则一律用_来连接。答案：主语；宾语；状语；被强调；who; that；that一、it用于构成强调句式要强调一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分(如主语、宾语、状语等)。可以使用“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”这一句式。如：Leo began to teach us English two years ago.It was Leo who/that began to teach us English two years ago.(强调主语)It was English that Le
4、o began to teach us two years ago.(强调宾语)It was two years ago that Leo began to teach us English.(强调时间状语)注意：(1)强调句子的主语。句子的主语结构设置复杂，有接不定式作定语的，有接定语从句作定语的，还有使用主语从句、并列结构或同位语结构的，这些会干扰学生的解题思路，但只要抓住了句子的主干，问题也就迎刃而解了。如：It was what he did that made his parents upset.It is the ability to do the job not where yo
5、u come from or what you are that matters.It is not where someone comes from and what a person looks like that is important but what he grows up to be.说明：强调某人时，可以用who代替that，that(who)后面的谓语动词要和被强调部分的主语部分在语法上保持一致。如：It is I who am responsible for this case.(2)强调句子中的时间、地点、方式等状语。这些状语可以是状语从句，介词短语或介词短语中的名词后再
6、接定语从句等。如：It was because it was raining hard that I was late for school.It was not until I arrived there that I began to know something about the matter.It was in the very house that was built with stones that he spent his childhood.(3)强调句的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式。一般疑问句式：Is/wasit被强调部分that/who其他成分？如：Was it Leo t
7、hat/who began to teach you English two years ago?Is it in your school that the famous professor will make a speech?特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？Who was it that began to teach you English two years ago?What subject was it that Leo began to teach you two years ago?When was it that Leo began to teach y
8、ou English?Where is it that the famous professor will make a speech?说明：上述疑问句式可以用作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。如：I just wonder whether it was Leo that/who began to teach you English two years ago.The question is who it was that began to teach you English two years ago.I dont know what subject it was that Leo began t
9、o teach you two years ago.I havent the slightest idea when it was that Leo began to teach you English.二、not.until.句型的强调句式句型为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分普通句式：The little boy didnt go to bed until/till his mother came back.强调句式：It was not until his mother came back that the little boy went to bed.
10、说明：此句型只能使用until，不能用till。如果不使用强调句式，till与until一般可通用；因为“It is/was not.”已经是否定句了，that后面的部分要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。三、it引起的关于时间的容易混淆的句型1Itis/has been/was一段时间since从句。该句型常译为“自从以来已经一段时间了”。若since引导的从句使用一般过去式，主句中的时态要使用一般现在时或现在完成时；如果从句使用过去完成时态，主句中则使用一般过去时(was)；此时，从句中的谓语动词要使用非延续性动词。如：It is many years since he left his home
11、town.他离开家乡许多年了。It has been three years since I began to stay in Beijing.我在北京已经待了三年了。比较：It has been three years since I stayed in Beijing.我离开北京已经三年了。2Itwas/will be一段时间before从句。该句型中的时间常为long，a long time，years，months，weeks，days，hours，minutes等时间段。如果主句中的谓语动词使用肯定式，常译为“过了一段时间才/要过一段时间才能”；若使用否定式，常译为“没过一段时间就/
12、用不了一段时间就会”或“不久就/不久就会”。主句的时态可以使用过去时was或将来时will be，用is时，before从句常使用一般现在时表示将来。如：It was long before the police arrived.过了很久警察才来。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.没过多久她就记住了那些诗歌。It will be three days before he makes a decision.要过三天他才能作出决定。It will not be hours before we meet again.要不了
13、几个小时我们就会再见面的。3Itis/wastimethat从句。该句型常译为“(正)是的时候了”，可与Its time for sb. to do sth.进行转换，属于虚拟语气结构。不管主句中使用is还是was(多用is)，that从句都必须使用动词的过去式或“should动词原形”，time前可用about或high修饰，以加强语气。如：It is time (that) we handed in our exercises.是我们上交作业的时候了。It is high time that we should get started.是我们开始的时候了。4Itis/wasthe firs
14、t/second/.timethat从句。该句型常译为“这是第一次/第二次/做”。主句中的it可以替换为this或that。如果主句使用一般现在时is，从句要使用现在完成时；如果主句使用一般过去时was，从句则使用过去完成时。如：This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.这是欧洲人第一次参观长城。一、按要求对画线部分进行强调 held .,)1(强调主语)_ _答案：It was all the members that held a meeting in the company last
15、 night.2(强调宾语)_答案：It was a meeting that all the members held in the company last night.3(强调地点状语)_答案：It was in the company that all the members held a meeting last night.4(强调时间状语)_答案：It was last night that all the members held a meeting in the company.5(对地点状语提问然后变成特殊疑问句的强调句式)_答案：Where did all the mem
16、bers hold a meeting last night?Where was it that all the members held a meeting last night?6(对时间状语提问然后变成特殊疑问句的强调句式)_答案：When did all the members hold a meeting in the company?When was it that all the members held a meeting in the company?二、用适当的关联词或代词填空1_is not_is right but_is right _ is of importance
17、.2It is in the school_I came across my old classmates. 3.The school_I visited yesterday looks splendid.4The school_he studied in middle school attracts many excellent students every year.5The fact_he has passed in the English exam cheers everyone up.6He wanted to know_ _was _made his parents so exci
18、ted.答案：1It；who；what；that2that3that；which；不填4where；in/at which5that6what；it；that三、判断下列句子是否是强调句型，并用适当词填空1(1)It was ten oclock _ he came back.(2)It was at ten oclock _ he came back.(3)It has been ten days _ I saw him last time.2(1)It is on the farm _ we practise flying kites.(2)It is the farm _ we prac
19、tise flying kites.3(1)It was three years _ he came back from abroad.(2)It was three years ago _ he went abroad for further study.答案：1(1)when(2)that(3)since2(1)that(2)where3(1)before(2)that四、翻译下列句子1如果你爸爸发现你做那件事，你会受责备的。_答案：You will catch it if your father finds you are doing that.2成败与否，我们都要坚持到底。_答案：Wi
20、n or lose，we ll stick it out.3要是她迟到，我也没办法，不是吗？_答案：I cant help it if she is late，can I?4我老对他发火，就是控制不了自己。_答案：I always get angry with him，I just cant help it.5在演艺界中达到顶峰很难。_答案：Its hard to make it to the top in show business.五、单句改错1Why! I have nothing to confess. What it is that you want me to say?_答案：it
21、 isis it2It was a white man that the black men were speaking._答案：speakingspeaking to3It was on the coast where lots of people disappeared._答案：wherethat4It was not until you told me just now did I know the answer._答案：didthat5As a matter of fact，that is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match._答案：thatit