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1、组合练(十)阅读理解阅读七选五短文改错.阅读理解APerfectionism (完美主义) is always encouraged in our society.In one study，researchers found that over the time period studied, college students reported increasing levels of perfectionism: they held themselves to higher standards, felt there were higher expectations placed on th
2、em, and held others to higher standards.Importantly, the biggest increase was in the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the surrounding environment.The researchers believe that this could be because society is increasingly competitive: college students might pick up on these pre
3、ssures from their parents and from society, which would increase perfectionist tendencies.Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior?One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologi
4、sts call a growth mindset.Researchers at Stanford University have found that developing a growth mindset is an important way to help us learn from our failures.Unlike those with fixed mindsets, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes.Psycho
5、logists point out that parents can play an important role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort and help children learn to persevere (坚持不懈) when they make mistakes.Another potential alternative to perfectionism is t
6、o develop selfcompassion (自怜)To understand selfcompassion, think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.Chances are youd probably respond with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well.The idea behind selfcompassion is that we should treat ourselve
7、s kindly when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being consumed by negative emotions.Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesnt mean being less successf
8、ul.In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, hugging imperfection can actually help us in the long run.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要建议我们放弃完美主义。1What mainly leads to college students increasing levels of perfectionism?AThe family background.BSocial environment.CPersonal choices.DNa
9、tional policies.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究人员认为，导致年轻人对完美主义的追求加剧的主要原因是社会激烈竞争的环境。答案：B2What should we do to have a growth mindset?ALearn from our parents.BTry to avoid making mistakes.CChange the way we look at failure.DChange our attitude towards success.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，所谓成长的心态，主要是我们要将错误和失败看作学习的机会。 答案：C3What
10、 is the key to developing selfcompassion?ASticking to your principles.BIgnore what others think of you.CChallenging and improving yourself.DUnderstanding and accepting yourself.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，自我同情的关键在于认识到任何人(包括自己)都会犯错，接受不完美的世界(包括别人和自己)，然后善待别人，也善待自己。答案：D4Whats the text mainly about?AHow to deal w
11、ith perfectionism.BWhy perfectionism is on the rise.CThe problems with perfectionism.DThe possible effects of perfectionism.解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段指出大学生当中追求完美主义的情况在加剧，第二段分析其原因，接下来告诉我们如何放弃完美主义。由此可知答案。答案：ABWe live in an age of information.All the information should allow us to make informed, datadriven decisio
12、ns all the time.But this does not mean that you actually use all the information even if you have it.In fact, people readily make snap judgments in a variety of situations.People form lasting impressions of others within a second and consumers make shopping decisions based on little consideration.In
13、 a recent study, we asked participants to imagine having pleasant or unpleasant talks with another person.For comparison，we asked another group of participants to consider how many of those talks they would need to determine someones character.We found that people believed they would need many talks
14、 to make this judgment, while in fact the first group needed few.In another study, we asked some students to write applications for some positions, and then asked actual HR people to read their material.The students wrote much more material than the recruiters cared to read.There are several reasons
15、 why people might have the wrong impression about making judgments.One possibility is the belief that the human mind processes information incrementally (递增地), considering that new information is added to old information until some mental level is reached for making a decision.In reality, however, t
16、he first few pieces of information weigh (有影响) much more heavily than the later information.Sometimes quick decisions are accurate and can save time.However, they may sometimes lead to misunderstandings.Imagine a situation in which a manager with limited information forms an opinion of an employee h
17、e is unsure about.A manager who sees an employee make a small misstep (错误) in an unimportant project may avoid offering him challenging projects in the future，which in turn would affect this employees career development.Modern technology allows any decision made today to be more informed than the sa
18、me decision made a few decades ago.But the human reliance on quick judgments may avoid this promise.In the exploration for more informed decisionmaking，researchers will need to explore ways to encourage people to slow down the judgment.语篇解读我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的决定，但有时我们并不依据这些信息作决定，这样作出的决定有
19、时可能会导致不好的结果。5Whats the meaning of the underlined word “snap” in Paragraph 1?ASlow.BNegative.CQuick. DSatisfying.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的within a second和based on little consideration可知，snap judgments指的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。答案：C6The studies in Paragraph 2 suggest that when people make judgment
20、s, they _.Aare easily influenced by their current moodsBprefer to communicate with people they trustCtend to learn from their previous experiencesDactually use less information than expected解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能作出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明，学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员尽力看的
21、多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们作判断的时候，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。答案：D7What can we know according to Paragraph 3?AGood thinking habits help improve mental health.BEarly information contributes more to decisionmaking.CNew information is more important for knowledge development.DOld and new information will combine to
22、create careful judgments.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。答案：B8What does the example in Paragraph 4 show?ADecisions based on less information can lead to harmful results.BWe can make progress by challenging ourselves.CExcellent employees are good at analyzing
23、information.DGood communication skills are necessary for an able manager.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速作出的决定有时可能会导致误解；下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。答案：A.阅读七选五Hollywood (好莱坞) movies are regularly filled with violence.They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little ligh
24、thearted entertainment.So have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies.Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai，formerly known as Bombay.1 et Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.This
25、year the Indian Filmfare Awards, Bollywoods Oscars, turn 64 years old.The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients：a cup of romance, a teaspoon of comedy, a dash of international sightseeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing.There will also be one brave hero, one
26、beautiful heroine and one baddie (坏人)2 Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.3 The actors change clothes and locations within a single song.But the audience dont mind.To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven.The films take them to a
27、 magical world away from their everyday troubles.The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all. 4 Behind the beautiful scenes，Bollywood still emphasizes family values.In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they cant just run away.They must w
28、in over their parents.Bollywood films are decent refreshing replacements for those excessively stimulating Hollywood films.5 They will take you to a brighter, more cheerful and colorful world, where its still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.AThere is little mention of politics, pove
29、rty and war.BBollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.C. Bollywood films give the false impression that all the Indians are happy and romantic.DMost Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.EThe result is a funfilled musical.FBollywood pays great attention to
30、traditional values.GSo if youre tired of all that Hollywood action, check out the Bollywood films. 语篇解读文章主要介绍了印度宝莱坞电影的特点，如营造理想化、没有日常烦恼的世界。1解析：根据该空后的“Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world.(然而宝莱坞是世界上最大的电影制造商)”中的yet可知，该空的内容与这句话形成对比，而D项“大多数中国学生可能从未看过一部印度电影”可以与之形成对比，故选D。答案：D2解析：本段主要
31、介绍的是宝莱坞电影的构成要素，如浪漫、喜剧、音乐、舞蹈；由此可知，其结果应是一个充满乐趣的音乐剧。故选E。答案：E3解析：根据空前一句“Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries.”可知，宝莱坞电影充满了理想的东西，没有日常的烦恼。又结合本段其他内容可推知，A项“几乎没提到政治、贫穷和战争”与此处匹配。答案：A4解析：根据该空后的“Behind the beautiful scenes，Bollywood still emphasizes family values.”可知，本段讲的是宝莱坞电影对传统价值
32、观的关注。故选F。答案：F5解析：空前一句表述宝莱坞电影是那些令人过度兴奋的好莱坞电影的相当不错的、别具一格的替代品，故G项与此处匹配。答案：G.短文改错Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, tried to call a taxi.But I failed.Then I thought of the taxi booking app my friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cell phone.Soon it came, and I stepped in, fe
33、eling pretty proudly of my hightech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app.So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cell phone to get the next order.It was just then which I began to worry about my safe.Whats the worse, the drivers informations might be u
34、nreliable.How can passengers legal rights be protecting if something bad happens? So be careful next time you use the taxi booking app.答案：Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, to call a taxi.But I failed.Then I thought of the taxi booking app my friend recommended and I booked a taxi throu
35、gh my cell phone.Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty of my hightech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cell phone to get the next order.It was just then I began to worry about my .Whats worse, the drivers might be unreliable.How can passengers legal rights be if something bad happens? So be careful next time you use the taxi booking app.