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1、课时素养检测 二十二Unit 6Period 2. 阅读理解AChicago is considering firm measures to prevent the Asian carp,a giant fish native to the Far East, from coming into North Americas Great Lakes in large numbers. Such a move could cost up to$18 billion, a heavy economic burden to the city. This species, more than a met
2、re in length, was originally introduced to southern US states three decades ago to control weeds in sewage (污水) treatment plants. But they escaped into the Mississippi River and increased in number quickly, making their way north towards the Great Lakes and threatening the native fish species along
3、the way. “Dozens of them will often leap out of the water as boats approach,” Michael Beecham,a local environmental expert, described how frightening the scene was. “Ive gone down the river and seen these fish jump up and hit me in the face. It is a big problem for our native species,” he said. A me
4、eting has been organized to find a technological solution to the carp problem, one of which involves blocking parts of Chicagos canal system. Listening at the meeting was John Goss, who was worried about the effect that having barriers in the canal system would have on industry. “It would certainly
5、increase the cost of transportation,” he told. “It is currently very cheap and efficient to bring materials and finished goods down the Chicago ship canal. ”Another cheaper option is to eat the fish out of existence. Dirk Fucik is selling carp burger(鲤鱼汉堡) at his fish shop not far from downtown Chic
6、ago. He thinks the carps are a great resource. “To catch it and throw it away is a waste,” he says. “Eating them helps solve the problem and also provides jobs. ” But the idea has not yet caught on. So far,he is the only person in Chicago selling carp burgers. 【语篇概述】你大概想不到,亚洲鲤鱼在北美洲泛滥成灾。芝加哥正在考虑采取措施与亚
7、洲鲤鱼交战。1. What can we learn about the Asian carp according to the passage?A. It is very adaptable to the new environment. B. It is originally used to control weeds in the Great Lakes. C. It has become a new food in many restaurants. D. It has caused parts of Chicagos canal system to be blocked. 【解析】选
8、A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,亚洲鲤鱼30年前被引进来控制污水处理厂的水草,但是它们逃进了密西西比河且数量急剧增加,向北朝五大湖游去,可推断出亚洲鲤鱼对新环境的适应能力很强。2. From John Gosss point of view,the building of barriers _. A. can force the Asian carp out of the Great LakesB. may lead to the increasing cost of industrial productsC. will help the canal system work more ef
9、ficientlyD. will bring high profits to the related companies【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知,John Goss认为设立障碍一定会增加运输成本,可能会导致工业产品成本的增加。3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?A. The Americans have included the Asian carp in their food list. B. Catching Asian carps has created many jobs in
10、 America. C. Dirk Fucik is a pioneer in selling carp burgers in Chicago. D. Throwing away the caught fish is a waste of the resources. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句So far, he is the only person in Chicago selling carp burgers. 可推断出,Dirk Fucik是在芝加哥卖鲤鱼汉堡的先驱。4. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Chicago
11、goes to war with Asian carpsB. The Asian carp escapes from the Great LakesC. Possible ways to handle non-native speciesD. The Great Lakes, new home for Asian Carps【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Chicago is considering firm measures to prevent the Asian carp,a giant fish native to the Far East, from coming into
12、North Americas Great Lakes in large numbers. 及全文内容可知,本文主要讲述芝加哥正在考虑采取措施与亚洲鲤鱼交战。BCity trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air than forest trees. As we all know, the earth would b
13、e freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning of fossil(化石)fuels,have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has
14、led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe. Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2,but there hadnt been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2 at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out. To figure out how quickly trees were growin
15、g, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A trees diameter increases as it grows, just as a persons waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years
16、tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2. City trees grew faster because they had less competition for ligh
17、t from their neighbours. In a forest,trees tend to grow close together,shading their neighbours. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later
18、, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak. 【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现: 与长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快,但死得更早。5. What can be known about CO2 from Paragraph 2?A. It is one of the side
19、effects of greenhouses. B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming. C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels. D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2可知,如果没有二氧化碳,地球将会极冷或极热。由此可
20、以推断,二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。6. Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?A. To know about their growth rates. B. To find out how much they weigh. C. To check whether they were healthy. D. To assess the carbon amounts in them. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中To figure out how quickly trees were growing, research
21、ers tracked their diameters. . . 可知,研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。7. What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?A. They are more likely to access growth promoters. B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air. C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbours. D. They are better at competing for l
22、ight. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,与生长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照,也能得到更多的氮,还更容易得到水。光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。由此可以推断,城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。8. What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued?A. How urban trees can live longer. B. Why city living makes trees die young. C. How trees respond
23、to dry soil conditions. D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more CO2. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章首句就提到了一项新的研究结果: 城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳,但是城市里的树木生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样,这方面的数据不多。因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”;文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现: 城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。由此可以推断,文章接下来很可能就
24、要介绍城市里的树木死得早的原因。. 完形填空Trees have always held much attraction for people. They are the1 and biggest life-forms on our planet and one of the most beautiful. 2a direct link with thousands of years of history, trees appear in many religions and have 3 artists over the years. When I was a child, I came4
25、a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story, visitors from an advanced civilization come to our planet and their spaceship 5 in the middle of a forest. The aliens (外星人) have a long 6 with the trees of the forest and then leave, happy to think that the inhabitant
26、s (居民) of Earth are noble, intelligent and peaceful. Trees7 a lot about being part of a community and how cooperation is better for a society than competition. Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 8 , but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resou
27、rces with each other. So, strong trees in a good9will share food and water with weaker trees that receive less sunlight. By 10 , a community of trees makes itself stronger. The 11 of giant redwood trees, for example, grow together under the ground. Its as if they are 12 hands. This means that they a
28、re 13 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods. We all acknowledge that trees are14 for the environment and the survival of our planet. Perhaps they have even more to 15 us in the future. 【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了树木的重要意义。树木懂得合作,它们通过合作,使自己变得更强大。1. A. kindestB. oldestC. heaviestD. fittest【解析】选B。句意: 它们是
29、地球上最古老、最大的生命形式,也是最美丽的生命形式之一。树木自古就有,因此它们是“最古老”的生命形式。2. A. AsB. ForC. BecauseD. In【解析】选A。句意: 作为与数千年历史的直接联系,树木出现在许多宗教中,多年来启发了艺术家。3. A. governedB. sponsoredC. inspiredD. tricked【解析】选C。句意: 作为与数千年历史的直接联系,树木出现在许多宗教中,多年来启发了艺术家。governed统治,支配; sponsored资助,赞助;inspired鼓舞,启发;tricked欺骗,哄骗。树木与数千年的历史密切相关,会 “启发” 艺术家
30、。4. A. inB. acrossC. asideD. up【解析】选B。句意: 当我还是个孩子的时候,我偶然读到了一个科幻故事,它让我以一种新的方式思考树木。came across偶然遇到,偶然发现。作者“偶然读到”一个科幻故事。5. A. landsB. dropsC. fliesD. shoots【解析】选A。句意: 故事中,来自先进文明的游客来到我们的星球,他们的宇宙飞船降落在森林中央。外星人来到地球,他们的宇宙飞船在森林中央“着陆”。6. A. translationB. wordC. cooperation D. conversation【解析】选D。句意: 外星人与森林中的树木
31、进行了长时间的交谈,然后离开了,他们很高兴地认为地球上的居民是高贵的、聪明的、和平的。translation翻译;word词;cooperation合作;conversation交谈。外星人认为地球居民高贵、聪明、和平。这是他们和树木“交谈”之后得出的结论。7. A. getB. knowC. affordD. send【解析】选B。句意: 树木懂得如何作为社区的一部分,懂得合作比竞争对社会更好。根据下文about being part of a community and how cooperation is better for a society可推断,该处指树木“懂得”如何作为社区的一
32、部分。8. A. learnsB. endsC. growsD. works【解析】选D。句意: 科学家们才刚刚开始了解这一切是如何运作的,但我们现在知道,共同生长的树木彼此分享所有可用的资源。根据下文 but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other,but表示转折,因此推断,科学家们才刚刚开始了解这一切是如何运作的,但我们现在知道,共同生长的树木彼此分享所有可用的资源。9. A. positionB. mannerC. rank D. model【
33、解析】选A。句意: 所以,在一个好的位置上的强壮的树木会和那些接受较少阳光的较弱的树木分享食物和水。树木长在好的“位置”,才会长得强壮。10. A. pulling backB. bringing upC. fighting backD. teaming up【解析】选D。句意: 通过合作,一个树木群落使自己更强大。pulling back撤退;bringing up把抚养长大;fighting back回击;teaming up合作。前两句提到,树木无论强壮与否,都共享资源。它们通过“合作”使其部落变得更强大。11. A. branchesB. fruitsC. leavesD. roots
34、【解析】选D。句意: 例如,巨大的红杉树的根在地下一起生长。branches树枝;fruits水果;leaves叶子;roots根。由下文under the ground可推断,“树根”在地下一起生长。12. A. holdingB. clappingC. wavingD. raising【解析】选A。句意: 就好像它们牵着手一样。holding拿着,握着,抓着,持有;clapping鼓掌,拍手;waving挥手;raising提高。前一句提到树根在地下共同生长。这就好像它们在“牵着手”一样。13. A. nearlyB. reallyC. onlyD. merely【解析】选B。句意: 这意
35、味着当遇到大风或洪水时,它们确实会变得更强。根据下文when there are heavy winds or floods可推断,当遇到大风或洪水时,它们确实会变得更强。该空表强调。14. A. popularB. suitableC. vitalD. normal【解析】选C。句意: 我们都承认树木对于环境和我们这个星球的生存至关重要。popular流行的,受欢迎的;suitable合适的;vital至关重要的;normal正常的。根据常识可知,地球的生存离不开树木,树木对于环境和地球的生存“至关重要”。15. A. offerB. takeC. payD. study【解析】选A。句意: 也许它们将来会给我们更多的东西。上一句提到,树木对于环境和地球的生存很重要。未来,它们可能给我们“提供”更多的东西。【技法导练】完形填空中,学会尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握,很多题目就会迎刃而解。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈,它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过运用逻辑关系的方法,我们可以通过确切、具体的线索,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做,使得题目的难度大大降低。比如前面完形填空的第10题表达的意思和前面句子的含义密切相关。share food and water和teaming up实际上就是逻辑相通的表达。