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1、课时作业(十五)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsSection Learning about Language & Using Language(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！).单句语法填空1She was a famous nuclear _ (physics)，who made many important discoveries.答案：physicist2We live in a _(globe) village，but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.
2、答案：global3Students should find more time to get close _ nature which can encourage their creativity.答案：to4Modern scientists believe that the universe came into _ (exist) about 15 billion years ago.答案：existence5The _ (biology) thinks that some plants in this area are in danger of extinction.答案：biolog
3、ist 6The teacher _ (gentle) patted the student on the shoulder，reminding him to pay attention to his writing.答案：gently7They want to make _ clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.答案：it 8Do remember watch out _ cars while crossing the street.答案：for9What makes me _ (puzzle) is
4、why he left the country without telling anyone.答案：puzzled10_(like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.答案：Unlike.阅读理解AWhen I told my wife about my plan to take part in the 1994 Marathon des Sables，she thought I was crazy.The race is so dangerous that you h
5、ave to sign a form to say where you want your body to be sent in case you die.I tried to persuade her，saying，“The worst that may happen is that I get a bit sunburned (晒黑的)”When I arrived in Morocco，I discovered the desert.It was so wonderful.I was bewitched.However，things went wrong on the fourth da
6、y.When we set out that morning，there was already quite a bit of wind.Suddenly，a very strong sandstorm began.I was blinded and I couldnt breathe.I understood for the first time how powerful a sandstorm could be.I had to keep moving to keep myself from getting buried.Finally，I arrived at a safer place
7、，waiting for the storm to end.It lasted for eight hours.When the wind died down，it was dark.So I slept on the dunes (沙丘)What I couldnt have imagined was how greatly that storm would change everything around me.I woke up very early the next day.I had a compass (指南针) and a map，so I thought I could fin
8、d my way back perfectly well.I wasnt worried because I was sure that sooner or later I would meet someone.That was my plan，but unfortunately it didnt work out.After running for about four hours，I climbed up a dune and still couldnt see anything.Thats when I knew I had a big problem.When I realized I
9、 was lost，the first thing I did was to urinate (小便) in my spare water bottle.I remembered my grandfather telling me how，during the war，he and his soldiers had drunk their own urine when their water ran out.I wasnt worried because I was sure the organizers would find me soon.As I expected，they found
10、me at last.语篇解读作者讲述了自己1994年参加撒哈拉沙漠马拉松时遇见沙尘暴的情景。1What did the authors wife think of his plan?AIt was meaningless.BIt was very interesting.CIt was likely to be successful.DIt was very surprising.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“.thought I was crazy.The race is so dangerous.I tried to persuade her.”可知，在得知作者要去参加撒哈拉沙漠马拉松
11、后，他的妻子很吃惊。答案：D2What does the underlined word “bewitched” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?AFrightened. BAttracted.CAnnoyed. DMoved.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“It was so wonderful.”可知，作者被撒哈拉沙漠所吸引。答案：B3What can be learned from Paragraph 3?AThe author didnt realize he was lost at first.BThe sandstorm was as stron
12、g as the author had expected.CThe author was worried because there was nobody else there.DThe author found the right path with the help of a compass and a map.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“.but unfortunately it didnt work out.”可知，作者当时还没意识到自己已经迷路了。答案：A4According to the author，what would he do when he ran out of wa
13、ter?AHe would ask his grandfather for help.BHe would ask the organizers for more water.CHe would walk out of the desert as fast as possible.DHe would probably drink his own urine.解析：推理判断题。根据末段的“.the first thing I did was to urinate in my spare water bottle.had drunk their own urine when their water
14、ran out.”可知，水用完后，作者将会喝自己的尿液。答案：DBMars is the secondsmallest planet in the Solar System.And like the Earth，the climate of Mars has changed over time.Today，Mars is cold and dry and liquid water is not stable on the surface.However，Mars has valley networks，deltas and lake deposits (沉积物)It means it must
15、 have had freely flowing water at some point，probably around 4 billion years ago.But climate models of the planets deep past havent been able to produce warm enough conditions to allow liquid water on the surface.“There are people trying to model Marsancient climate using the same kind of models we
16、use here on Earth，and theyre having a really hard time doing it.Its difficult to create a warm ancient Mars because the Sun was less brighter then and the whole Solar System was cooler at that time，”said Briony Horgan，an assistant professor of earth，atmosphere and planet sciences at Purdue Universit
17、y.“While a lot of people are using climate models，were coming at this from a special viewwhat do the volcanic (火山的) records of Mars tell us？”Volcanic eruptions (喷发) always happened throughout Mars early history.When volcanoes erupt under the ice，the mixture of heat and melt water could create flatto
18、pped mountains called “tuyas”，or table mountains.“We now have data that say there had to have been ice on Mars at some point，” said Ackiss，a Ph.D.candidate at Purdue.If researchers could find evidence for the volcanic activity under ice elsewhere，it would make sure the case for a very cold ancient M
19、ars.But dont fear，space lovers.This doesnt kill the possibility of past life on Mars.“Even if Mars was a cold and icy wasteland，these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist，” Horgan said.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Briony Horgan根据火山运动预测过去火星的气候。5Accord
20、ing to Paragraph 1，Mars in our Solar System _.Ahad water long agoBhas cold and wet climateChas valleys and lakes nowDis the second largest planet解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“It means it must have had freely flowing water at some point，probably around 4 billion years ago.”可知，过去火星上有水。答案：A6When talking about the re
21、search of Mars ancient climate，Briony Horgan_.Awas confused about the change of itBsuggested studying it in the traditional wayCwas for climate models used on Earth for itDconsidered volcanic records as important evidence解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“While a lot of people are using climate models，were coming at t
22、his from a special view.”可知，Briony Horgan认为火山记录是研究过去火星气候很重要的证据。答案：D7What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?AThere was no ice on Mars in old days.BThere might be living things on ancient Mars.CThe volcanic eruptions showed evidence of life.DThe volcanoes on Mars erupt frequently nowadays.解
23、析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“This doesnt kill the possibility of past life on Mars.”以及“.these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist.”可知，过去火星上可能会存在生命。答案：B.七选五The history of chocolate begins with a plant whose name is cacao.For centuries，people worldwide have b
24、een enjoying the rich flavor of chocolate，a product made from cacao._1_ Americans eat an average of more than five kilograms of chocolate per person every year.The specialty shop shows the culture of chocolate and sells chocolates from different areas of the world.Historians believe the Mayan people
25、 of Central America first learned to farm cacao plants around 2,000 years ago._2_ Then they grew them around their homes.They cooked the cacao seeds and pressed (压) them into soft powder.They mixed the powder with water to make a delicious chocolate drink.There are often images of cacao plants on Ma
26、ya buildings and art objects.The rulers drank chocolate at ceremonies (仪式)_3_The Aztecs also valued chocolate in the Aztec culture.But the cacao plant could not grow in the area where they lived._4_ They even used cacao seeds as a form of money to pay or give as offerings to the gods.Only the very w
27、ealthy people in Aztec societies could afford to drink chocolate because cacao was so valuable.The explorer Christopher Columbus brought cacao seeds to Spain after his trip to Central America in 1502.The wealthy people of Spain first enjoyed the chocolate drink._5_ Nowadays，the English，Dutch and Fre
28、nch all plant cacao trees in their own countries.AChocolate is very sensitive to temperature.BThe Mayan took the cacao trees from the rainforests.CChocolate is especially popular in the United States.DChocolate has been prepared as a drink for nearly all of its history.ESo they had to exchange goods
29、 with other societies for cacao seeds.FSince then，the popularity of the drink has spread throughout Europe.GAnd even poorer members of Mayan society could enjoy the drink sometimes.语篇解读本文是说明文，话题是社会文化类。本文主要介绍了巧克力的历史。1解析：根据空后的“Americans eat an average of more than five kilograms of chocolate per perso
30、n every year”可知，巧克力在美国特别流行。答案：C2解析：根据空后的“Then they grew them around their homes”可知，玛雅人从雨林里带回来了可可树。答案：B3解析：根据空前的“The rulers drank chocolate at ceremonies”可知，甚至一些玛雅的穷人有时也能喝上巧克力。答案：G4解析：根据空前的“But the cacao plant could not grow in the area where they lived”可知，所以他们必须用货物和别的群体交换可可种子。答案：E5解析：根据空前的“The wealthy people of Spain first enjoyed the chocolate drink”可知，从此以后，巧克力饮品在整个欧洲流行起来。答案：F