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1、语法详解:介词和名词的用法一些常见的的介词及其用法什么是介词?介词又叫做前置词,是一种虚词。上一课和大家分享了介词的分类,以及(1)表示地点的介词,(2)表示时间的介词,(3)表示手段、方式的介词。今天我们再一起学习一些常见的的介词及其用法。中学阶段的一些常见的介词及其用法ofa. (属于).的He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。b.由.组成(或构成)This is a cake of sugar.这是一块糖做的蛋糕。C.含有(或装有). 的A packet of biscuits please.请给我一包饼干。d.表示数量或种类The tiger eats ten
2、 kilos of meat every day.老虎每天要吃十公斤肉。e.由于、因为She died of illness.她是病死的。of的一些重要词组* because ofHe left because of his fail.他因失败而离开。* be afraid ofI am afraid of spiders.我害怕蜘蛛。* a lot ofThere is a lot of sunshine.阳光很好。* all kinds ofThere are all kinds of fruits in the basket.篮子里有各种水果。fora.表示“当作、作为I like so
3、me bread and milk for breakfast.我早餐喜欢吃面包和牛奶。What will we have for supper?我们晚餐吃什么?b.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。c.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对. (而言)Let me pick it up for you.让我为你捡起来。H
4、eres some water for you.这是给你的水。Smoking is bad for your health.吸烟对你的健康不利。d.表示时间、距离,意为计、达l usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。e.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等Lets go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan fo
5、r the dictionary.我这本字典花了20元。f.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于.的”Its time for school.到上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。g.表示支持、赞成”Are you for this plan or against it?你是支持还是反对这个计划?h.用于一些固定搭配中* wait for 等待Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?* for example 举个例子For example Mr. Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
6、* famous for 因.而著名Suzhou is famous for its old buildings.苏州因它的一些古老的建筑而闻名。* late for 迟到Dont be late for school,again.上学不要再迟到了。* ready for 为.准备Are you ready for the class?你们准备好上课了吗?froma.表示从.来I come from Canada.我来自加拿大。b.表示分离,作“分开”“分离” “隔开” “离开” 解。The apple fell from the tree.苹果从树上掉下来了。c.表示“禁止” “戒除”等含义
7、He is safe from danger.他脱离危险了。d.表示“不在” “缺席”等。She was absent from the class yesterday.她昨天没有上课。e.常用词组* far away fromThe factory is far away from his flat.工厂离他所住的公寓很远。* be different fromWe should be different from others sometimes.有时我们应该与别人有所不同。* from now onFrom now on, we will work harder.从现在起,我们要更努力工
8、作。* hear fromHow often do you hear from your parents?你多久收到你父母的信一次?toa.表示有某种从属关系Have you got the answer to the question?你知道问题的答案了吗?b.表示目的,结果Thank you for your coming to see me.谢谢你来看我。C.表示给,向Give some sweets to the children, please.请给孩子们一些糖果。d.常用词组* close to 靠近The ship kept close to the coast.那条船靠近海岸航
9、行。* next to 相邻Ben sits next to Mary.本坐在玛丽旁边。* look forward to 盼望We look forward to hearing from you.我们期盼你的来信。*be able to 能够He is able to lift the stone.他可以举起石头。*lead to 通向Will the new road lead to the church?新修的路会通向教堂吗?abouta.附近;周围;各处There were a lot of flowers about the house.房子周围有许多花。We walked abo
10、ut the town.我们在城里到处走动。b.关于:有关The story is about giants.这是关于巨人们的故事。Whats he talking about?他在说什么?c.大约He left there about ten oclock.他大约在十点钟离开了那里。d.常用词组* talk about 谈论,讨论Are you talking about me?你们在谈论我吗?* look about 环顾四周The man kept looking about.这个人不停地环顾四周。* think about 思考,考虑Please think about it care
11、fully.请仔细地思考一下。* bring about 带来,导致This will bring about profound impacts.这将带来深刻影响。* what/how about . 怎么样What about your opinion?你的观点是什么?表示手段、方式的介词by, in, with等。by+交通工具,指的是所用的交通方式。by boat by train坐火车by taxi坐出租车 by bus坐公共汽车by bike骑自行车 by boat坐船by plane坐飞机inThey paid in cash.他们用现金支付。Can I speak in Chin
12、ese?我可以用中文说吗?Please read it in a high voice.请响亮地朗读。withWith the eyes, I can see.我用眼睛看。I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把锋利的刀削苹果。Tom drew the picture with a pencil.汤姆用铅笔画画。名词所有格1. 所有格的不同形式和含义名词所有格用来表示所有关系,一般用 s 和 of 来表示名词的所有格。s 用于有生命的名词,而of则用于无生命的名词。Marys room is big. 玛丽的房间大。Do you like Mr. Brow
13、ns poem?你喜欢布朗先生的诗歌吗?I like that girls doll.我喜欢那个女孩的娃娃。I dont like the end of the story.我不喜欢这个故事的结局。The windows of the house are colourful.这幢房子的窗户是彩色的。Do you remember the title of the song?你记得那首歌的名字吗? 2.所有格的表示方法1)单数名词,直接在词尾加sThe boys bag is on the desk.男孩的书包在书桌上。My mothers new dress is red and yellow
14、.我妈妈的新裙子是红色和黄色的。 2)复数名词有三种情况复数名词结尾没有s,则直接在词尾加sThe mens room is over there.男士盥洗室在那里。The Mildrens garden is full of trees and flowers.儿童乐园里栽满了树木和鲜花。 复数名词结尾有s,则直接在词尾加Where is the teachers office?老师们的办公室在哪里?The kids toys are in the cupboard. 孩子们的玩具在橱里。 表示复数名词共有同一个东西,则在最后一个名词后加 sBen and Dannys room faces
15、 south.本和丹尼的房间是朝南的。Sam and Janes mother is so young.山姆和简的妈妈很年轻。 学习小贴士:在表示店铺或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barbers理发店。 Ben and Dannys room表示本和丹尼共有一间房间。但如果两个人用的是分开的两间,则需要表示为Bens and Dannys rooms 有时我们会用到“双重所有格,即名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,如:a friend of Kittys 凯蒂朋友中的一个a novel of the writers 那位作者的一部小说形容词的分
16、类形容词的主要用法什么是形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。She is a beautiful girl.她是个漂亮的女孩。The apple is big and round.这个苹果又大又圆。,Have you got everything ready for the meeting?你为这次会议做好准备了吗?一、形容词的主要用法1.形容词+名词She is a good student.她是一个好学生。Its a long way.这是一条很长的路。I have a big nose.我有一个大鼻子。2.系动词+形容词1)状态系动词(be动词)+ 形容词Th
17、is bike is expensive.这辆自行车很贵。Im busy now.我现在很忙。They are happy together.他们在一起很开心。2)持续系动词+形容词He always keeps silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。The shop stays open till eight oclock.商店开到八点。3)表象系动词+形容词He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词+形容词The scarf feels very soft.这条围巾手感很软。This flow
18、er smells nice.这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词+形容词The leaves turn green.叶子变绿了。The egg becomes bigger.蛋变大了。学习小贴士:在英语单词中something, anything, nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你。Is there anything wrong with you?你有什么不对劲吗?There is nothing dangerous here.这儿一点都不危险。形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。在小学阶段,我们可以记住一个口诀:大,形,新,色即“大小形状新旧颜色。如果再要记得具体一些,则可以记住以下规律(按顺序):a.描述特性的词语beautiful, wonderful.b.尺寸的词语big, huge.c.形状的词语 square, triangle.d.描述年代的词语old.e.描述颜色的词语red.f.描述国家的词语Chineseg.描述材质 wooden, silk.