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1、阅读填空（建议用时：20分钟）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 1(2013郴州模拟)Air pollution refers to the introduction of some harmful gases and particulate matter(颗粒物质)in the Earths atmosphere
2、 which in turn results in pollution of air that the various forms of life require for various life processes. There exist natural causes of air pollution such as volcanic eruptions, wildfires, etc. as well as human causes such as vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, etc. . Over the last few decades,
3、 the air pollution caused by humans has become a lot more serious and common than natural air pollution. Air pollution affects all forms of life including humans, plants and animals on the planet. Along with humans, animals are dependent on oxygen in the air. When polluted air is inhaled(吸入)for brea
4、thing oxygen, several harmful gases are also inhaled along with this life-saving gas. These harmful gases are believed to affect animals in the same manner in which they affect humans. Experts also suggest that the particulate matter the animals inhale over a long period can gather in their tissues
5、and cause damage to their organs in the long run. In addition to inhaling the harmful contaminants(污染物)directly, animals can also come in contact with these contaminants from the food they eat and absorb them through their skin. Some studies do show that the effects of air pollution on animal specie
6、s are much more serious than they are on us humans. The rapid rate at which air pollution is occurring is not even giving the animals a chance to adapt to the changes in the environment. In the long term, these effects are likely to result in extinction(灭绝)of species, which will indirectly add to ou
7、r danger because we along with all these animals form the ecological environment where all species depend on each other. Therefore, all of us are supposed to make an effort to reduce air pollution. Title: Air Pollution and Animals. 1. of air pollution*The introduction of harmful gases and particulat
8、e matter in the atmosphere which in turn 2. . . 3. of air pollution* 4. : volcanic eruptions, wildfires, etc. * Human: vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, etc. . Effects of air pollution on animals* Harmful gases inhaled together with 5. : having side effects on animals*The particulate matter inhal
9、ed by the animals: gathering in their tissues and 6. in the long run*7. from food: absorbed by animals through their skin*Rapid occurrence of air pollution: giving animals 8. to adapt to the changes in the environment. 9. *10. should be made to cut back on air pollution. 2(2013益阳模拟)Cheating on exams
10、 is popular in colleges and statistics show that it has risen dramatically during the past score years. Students dont feel ashamed to cheat on exams. Most of them dont care about cheating on exams. Cheating on exams takes shape in various ways. Some students scribbled notes on small pieces of paper
11、on which they had prepared for the exam, some took out their textbooks or reference books to copy, and still some adopted mobile phones as a way to cheat on exams. For instance, at the University of Nevada, students photographed test questions with their cell phone cameras, then sent them to classma
12、tes outside the exam room and got the answers back in text message. However, downloading other peoples writing on the Internet for plagiarism(剽窃)was found the easiest way. Mr. Dapremont said technology had made cheating easier, but added that pressure to succeed sometimes clouded everything and made
13、 students do things that they shouldnt do. Students today feel more pressure to do well in order to graduate from school and land jobs. Whatever the reasons for cheating are, college officials say we must stop it. First, people will not be interested in studying any more with cheating. Second, they
14、think studying isnt meaningful. Third, others may be influenced negatively by people cheating on exams. Thus, we must ban cheating on exams. We should reduce opportunity of cheating on exams. Most Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of American character. For that reason, there
15、 are numerous watchdog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at uncovering such dishonesty? Many educators feel that as students gain confi
16、dence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Title: Cheating on Exams. 1. being popular in collegesarising dramaticallystudents 2. students not caring about it. Means of cheatingscribbling notescopying textbooks or reference books3. surfing the Internet. 4. the latest tech
17、nology making one cheat 5. great pressure forcing students to do well to ensure 6. . Consequencescheating causing people not to be interested in studyingpeople thinking studying doesnt 7. people who 8. influence others negatively. 9. encouraging people 10. letting students believe in themselves and
18、their abilities3People of all ages and races can serve as volunteers. Families can volunteer together as classes or other groups can. Volunteers work in various organizations without pay. Volunteering improves your life and the lives of others. You can meet new people and make a positive difference
19、in the world. Volunteers generally work with others either as part of a team completing a project or directly caring for other people such as patients in a nursing home or helping children through an organization such as Big Brothers, Big Sisters. Volunteers should be generally cheerful and easy to
20、work with and have an overall positive attitude even if things arent satisfactory in their own lives. Some volunteers organize events or groups of people to work on various projects. Without their good organizational skills, these projects might not happen. For example, if youre the Parent-Teacher A
21、ssociation President for your school, you will be responsible for organizing the individual committees in your school. If you have good organizational skills, volunteering will become less stressful and you can give back to your community in the way you intended. Volunteers have to be willing to dev
22、ote a certain amount of hours each week or month depending on the situation. It is necessary for them to go through testing or training before they begin. The best volunteers do what they say theyre going to do and show up when they say theyre going to be there unless there are situations beyond the
23、ir control. Good volunteers see the good in others, whether its the people theyre working with or the people theyre serving. These volunteers generally go above and beyond what theyre asked to do because they want to get to know the people theyre serving. They go beyond surface relationships by reme
24、mbering names, information and stories told to them. Volunteers that are healthy and well-balanced will bring that feeling to the environment, and the people theyre helping will be directly and indirectly affected. Title: Qualities of 1. . People of all 2. can serve as volunteers. improving your lif
25、e and the lives of others3. and making a positive difference in the world. Volunteers generally work with otherscompleting a project4. other peoplehelping children through an organization5. and easy to work withhaving an overall positive attitude. Good organizational skillsorganizing events or peopl
26、e to work on 6. volunteering will become 7. and you can give back to your community. Volunteers devote some time each week or month8. or training before they begin. Good volunteersgoing above and beyond what theyre asked to dogoing beyond 9. bringing that feeling to the environment10. the people the
27、yre helping【拓展训练】1. According to Passage 1, what should we do to reduce air pollution? _2. What does the underlined word“they”(Paragraph 5, Passage 3)probably refer to? (No more than 2 words)_答案解析1【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文, 介绍了大气污染对动物造成的影响。1. 【解析】Definition/Meaning/Concept。根据文章第一段第一句话, 可知介绍的是大气污染的定义。2. 【解析】c
28、auses air pollution/pollutes air。根据第一段which in turn results in pollution of air. . . 。3. 【解析】Causes。根据第一段可知此处介绍的是大气污染的原因。4. 【解析】Nature。根据第一段There exist natural causes of air pollution。5. 【解析】oxygen。根据第二段When polluted air is inhaled for breathing oxygen, several harmful gases are also inhaled along w
29、ith this life-saving gas. These harmful gases are believed to affect animals. . . 。6. 【解析】damaging their organs。根据第二段cause damage to their organs in the long run句意: 长此以往对它们的器官造成伤害。7. 【解析】Harmful contaminants。根据第二段. . . animals can also come in contact with these contaminants from the food they eat a
30、nd absorb them through their skin句意: 动物们也会通过它们所吃的食物接触到污染物或者通过皮肤吸收污染物。8. 【解析】no chance。根据最后一段is not even giving the animals a chance to adapt to the changes in the environment句意: 甚至没有给动物留下一个适应环境变化的机会。9. 【解析】Conclusion/Suggestion。根据最后一段最后一句话可知此处是总结或建议。10. 【解析】More efforts。根据最后一段Therefore, all of us ar
31、e supposed to make an effort to reduce air pollution句意: 因此我们所有的人必须努力减少大气污染。2【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 论述了考试作弊的现象。1. 【解析】Present situation/Phenomenon。第一段介绍如今作弊的现象, 现在考试作弊在大学里很普遍。2. 【解析】not feeling ashamed。根据第一段Students dont feel ashamed to cheat on exams。此处应用动名词结构。3. 【解析】adopting/using mobile phones。根据第二段some
32、adopted mobile phones as a way to cheat on exams句意: 一些学生用手机来作弊。4. 【解析】Reasons/Causes/Factors。文章第三段主要介绍了学生考试作弊的原因。5. 【解析】more easily。根据文章第三段technology had made cheating easier。6. 【解析】graduation and jobs。根据第三段Students today feel more pressure to do well in order to graduate from school and land jobs。7
33、. 【解析】make sense。根据第四段they think studying isnt meaningful句意: 他们认为学习没有意义。此处应用动词原形表示, 故用动词词组make sense。8. 【解析】cheat on exams。根据第四段others may be influenced negatively by people cheating on exams本句中是现在分词作定语。而本题中是定语从句, 故此处应用cheat。9. 【解析】Solutions/Suggestions/Advice/Measures/Ways。最后两段给出了解决大学生考试作弊的方法或建议。10
34、. 【解析】to be honest。根据honesty is an important part of American character句意: 诚实是美国特征的重要组成部分。鼓励人们要诚实, encourage sb. to be honest, 用honesty的形容词形式。3【文章大意】本文是议论文。本文论述了如何成为一个好的志愿者。1. 【解析】a good volunteer。本文论述了成为一个好的志愿者应具备什么样的品质。2. 【解析】ages and races。根据文章第一段第一句话People of all ages and races can serve as volu
35、nteers. 。3. 【解析】meeting new people。根据文章第一段最后一句话中的You can meet new people。4. 【解析】caring for。根据文章第二段caring for other people。5. 【解析】being generally cheerful。根据第二段最后一句中的Volunteers should be generally cheerful。6. 【解析】various projects。根据第三段第一句Some volunteers organize events or groups of people to work on
36、various projects。7. 【解析】less stressful。根据第三段volunteering will become less stressful and you can give back to your community in the way you intended。8. 【解析】going through testing。根据第四段It is necessary for them to go through testing or training before they begin。9. 【解析】surface relationships。根据第五段They go
37、 beyond surface relationships by remembering names。10. 【解析】affecting。根据第五段the people theyre helping will be directly and indirectly affected。【拓展训练】1. We should raise the awareness of environmental protection. We should save energy in our daily life and we had better walk or take a bus to go to a place. 2. Good volunteers. - 7 -