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1、2014高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练（22）及答案阅读理解-E (2013北京，D)MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicated that many people multitask not out of a desi
2、re to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set o
3、f tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动)they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calc
4、ulations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. Bu
5、t those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because
6、 its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the
7、 study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distr
8、acted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchely, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”文章大意：本文为一篇科普短文，介绍了Sanbonmastu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：同时干很多事情的人往往有最
9、糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人干事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。17The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _.Aseek high productivity constantlyBprefer handling different things when getting boredCare more focused when doing many things at a timeDhave the poorest results in doing various things at t
10、he same time答案：D细节理解题。由文章第一句话研究结果：People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once.可知，这样的人在同时干很多事情时往往结果最差，故正确答案为D。18When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _.Aassessed the multitasking ability of the studentsBevaluated the academic achievement
11、s of the studentsCanalyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksDmeasured the changes of the students understanding ability答案：A细节理解题。文章第二段提到他们让参与的学生干这干那，然后他们“evaluates the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task.”可知A项正确。19According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask b
12、ecause of their _.Alimited power in calculationBinterests in doing things differentlyCinability to concentrate on one task Dimpulsive desire to try new things答案：C细节理解题。由文章第四段Sanbonmastu所说的话“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity but because they are distractible and t
13、hey get sucked into things that are not important.”可知。distractible意为“不专心的，分心的”，因此正确答案为C。20From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _.Adrive very skillfullyBgo in for difficult tasksCfail to react quickly to potential dangersDrefuse to explain the reasons for their behavior答案：C
14、推理判断题。文章最后一段提到研究结果表明：这些寻找感觉的人(sensationseekers指的是他们的感觉不灵敏)往往会“multitask the most”但是却有“enjoy risky distractible driving”的结果，这是因为这些人往往“less sensitive to risky situation”，即：对潜在的危险不能迅速作出反应，故C项为正确答案。第一节 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALinda Evans was my best friend like
15、the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special times like my wedding and Lindas. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new h
16、omes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back，stamped “Address Unknown”. I had no idea about how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then
17、mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day, I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Lindas married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans.” I thought, b
18、ut I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.”Minutes later I heard a voice that I recognized at once, even after 40 years. We laughed and cried and caught up on each others lives. Now the empty place in my heart
19、is filled. And theres one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We wont lose each other again!26. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _.A. at the age of 13 B. before she got marriedC. after they moved to new homes D. before the writers family moved away【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据开始的时候作者与Linda总是
20、一起去上钢琴课、看电影、游泳、骑马等，但后来在作者13岁的时候，作者一家搬走了，两人只能通过书信联系。故选D。27. They didnt often write to each other because they _.A. got married B. had little time to do soC. didnt like writing letters D. could see each other on special time【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第2段中的Soon we were busy with children and moving to new home
21、s, and we wrote less often根据文可知，她们之所以没经常写信，是因为她们要忙于照顾孩子，又要搬新家，也就是说，她们没有时间写信。28. There was an empty place in the writers heart because she _.A. was in troubleB. didnt know Lindas addressC. received the card that she sentD. didnt have a friend like Linda to share her happiness and sadness【答案】D【解析】细节理解
22、题。根据I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.作者没有像琳达这样的朋友来分享她的快乐和悲伤，故选D。29. The writer was happy when she _.A. read the newspaperB. heard Lindas voice on the phoneC. met a young woman who looked a lot lik
23、e LindaD. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。真正让作者感到高兴的是当她在电话上听到老朋友Linda的声音的时候。而读到报纸的时候和写信的时候都还只是在猜测，那时还谈不上高兴。故选B。30. They havent kept in touch _.A. for about 40 years B. for about 27 yearsC. since they got married D. since the writers family moved away【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一
24、段中的Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years可知她们40年没有联系了，故选A。(八)A(2013北京，A)EP Portable HeaterWe all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the
25、EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world, the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not bur
26、n children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square f
27、eet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP comes with a 3year warranty (保修) and a 60day, no questions asked, sa
28、tisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied, return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that, we reserve the right to either accept or r
29、eject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，属广告文体，介绍了一种新型的暖风机。与其他的暖风机相比较，它的好处，目的是让读者买他们的产品。1What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? AThe heat of the EP.BThe safety of the EP.CThe appearance of the EP.DThe material of the EP.答案：B主旨大意题。本题考查考生整体把握、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。A项“暖
30、风机的热”；B项“暖风机的安全”；C项“暖风机的外表”；D项“暖风机的材料”。由第二段内容可知，这种暖风机不会引起火灾，不会烫伤孩子和宠物，显然是在讲它的安全，故正确答案为B项。2From the passage, we can learn that the EP _.Adoesnt burn up oxygenBruns without any noiseCmakes people get sleepyDis unsuitable for children and pets答案：A细节理解题。考生根据文章第三段第一句话The EP will not reduce oxygen in the
31、room可知正确答案为A。3The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.Acontinuously BseparatelyCquickly Dequally答案：D词意猜测题。由文章第四段可知，此处把EP暖风机与别的相比，这种暖风机能够把墙、门、天花板 都能均匀加热，不像其他的暖风机，只加热附近小片区域，因此该词意为“均匀地，平等地”，D项正确。4The main purpose of the passage is to _.Apersuade people to buy the productBadvise peo
32、ple to save on heating billsCreport the new development of portable heatersDcompare the functions of different heater brands答案：A推理判断题。A项“说服人们买产品”；B项“建议人们省加热的钱”；C项“报告暖风机的最新发展”；D项“比较不同品牌的暖风机的性能”。根据文章内容可知，本文为广告文体，向大家介绍了一种新型的暖风机，与其他的暖风机相比，它的好处，目的是让读者买他的产品，因此A项正确。阅读理解-BEach new school year brings fresh r
33、eminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight. Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get
34、 winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at
35、 last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, “Year-round schools dont really solve the problem of the summer le
36、arning setback. They simply spread it out across the year.”Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.Bu
37、t calling them “summer school” could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term “summer school”. In American culture, the idea of su
38、mmer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like “summer camp”, “enrichment”, “extra time” and “hands-on learning”.31. According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .A. helps children to gain weightB. leads children to wo
39、rk harderC. improves childrens memoriesD. affects childrens regular studies【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget.暑假影响了学生的正常的学习，故选D。32. Compared to traditional schools, students in the year-round ones .A. perform better and have more learn
40、ing gainsB. have much less time for relaxation every yearC. have generally the same number of class daysD. hold more classes with more free weeks off【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school.全年的学校
41、与一般的学校都有相同的天数的授课时间，故选C。33. Which of the following statements is true?A. Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation.B. Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap.C. There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar.D. Nothing can help the students
42、 who fall behind after the vocation.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students.来自贫困家庭通常在假期过后学习要落后其他孩子，故选A。34. Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?A. They cherish the childrens ri
43、ghts of freedom very much.B. They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”.C. They want their children to be forced to make up the gap.D. They cant afford to the further study during vacation.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that a
44、lmost all strongly disliked the term “summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood.父母认为这样剥夺孩子的自由的权利，故选A。35. What would be the best title of this passage?A. Opening Summer CampsB. Forbidding Summer SchoolsC. Spreading Year-Round EducationD. Minding the Summer Learning Gap【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。根据Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap.及短文的内容可知注意暑假假期学习的退步，故选D。- 9 -