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1、阅读理解(建议用时: 25分钟)A(2013武汉模拟)体裁说明文话题更改作息时间,有利学生记忆词数265A pioneering headteacher is calling for all high schools to follow his lead and start classes at 11 am, allowing teenagers two hours extra in bed. Dr. Paul Kelley, head of Monkseaton Community High School in North Tyneside, said it would mean the e
2、nd of sleeping in lessons before lunch, after experiments showed teenagers could have different body clocks from adults and younger children. Russell Foster, an Oxford professor of neuroscience(神经科学), tested the memory of 200 Monkseaton pupils at 9 am and 2 pm using pairs of words, and discovered a
3、9% improvement in the afternoon. Students correctly identified 51% of word pairs in the later session, compared with 42% in the morning. Tayler McCullough, 15, one of the test subjects, said the majority of students would welcome the extra hours in bed. “Im extremely hard to get up in the morning. O
4、ne or two people like to get to school early, but most of us would be up for going in later. Im sure it would make a big difference to our learning ability. ”Kelley is adamant that a change of school timetable will have a meaningful effect on exam performance. He wants his schools governors to appro
5、ve his plan and put the new timetable in place before the opening of Monkseatons new school building, the most technologically advanced in the country, in September. Kelley hopes his latest idea will be just as successful. “We have to be practical. But this proves that, by starting later, childrens
6、learning improves, so does their health. ”Foster said, “This is preliminary(初步的)data, but whats exciting is that it matches more detailed studies carried out in Canada and the US. Teenagers get up late not because they are lazy but because they are biologically programmed to do so. ”1. How many prof
7、essors are mentioned in the passage? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 2. According to Russell Fosters research, . A. the students tested had very good memoriesB. the students tested did better jobs in the afternoonC. 42% of the students tested could do very good jobsD. 51% of the students tested c
8、ould master 9% of words3. What does the underlined word “adamant” in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Angry. B. Absorbed. C. Adaptable. D. Determined. 4. Fosters opinion on teenagers getting up late is that. A. teenagers are practicalB. teenagers are lazy-bonesC. its based on their body developmentD. i
9、ts good for their learning and healthB体裁议论文题材大脑的研究词数390What makes humans smarter than other animals? Weve got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better? Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans superior intelligence derived(源于)mostly from the fact that
10、 our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that because men have slightly larger brains than women that men are smarter. This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that bra
11、in organization, and not brain size, is the key to the superiority of human intelligence, reported Live Science. Through millions of years of evolution, our ancestors were constantly pushed to get smarter so that they could meet the demands of new environments. However, holding this growing intellig
12、ence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. “This is when reorganization may come into play, ”said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team. In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 species of primates(灵长目动物)
13、, including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of evolution, brains didnt keep growing as a whole. Certain regions of the brain grew prior to others in response to species needs, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space. For example, when early
14、humans were struggling to survive, the brain region in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex(前额皮质)the region in charge of social cognition(认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planninggrew more than the rest of the b
15、rain. Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesnt necessarily store more stuff than a smaller one. Paul Manger, professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, explains this principle using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: “Whales hav
16、e big brains, absolutely. But if you look at the actual structure of the brain, its not very complex. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”5. It has recently been found that humans are smarter than the other animals mainly because. A. they are a species of primate
17、sB. they have much larger brainsC. their brain structure is more complexD. they were constantly pushed to get smarter6. According to the article, in recent human evolution, . A. the brain kept growing in size to adapt to new environmentsB. most regions of the brain didnt changeC. the prefrontal cort
18、ex grew more than the rest of the brainD. humans brains became increasingly simple so that humans could survive7. What can we conclude from the article? A. Gender makes a difference in intelligence. B. The size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence. C. Species whose brain is organized pro
19、perly tend to be smarter. D. Larger brains are usually organized better than smaller ones. 8. The method the writer uses to develop the last paragraph is. A. by presenting research dataB. by giving examplesC. by making a comparisonD. by analyzing cause and effectC体裁说明文题材年度单词词数273Every year Chris Bro
20、gan posts his three words for a new year. Many others and I have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were “passion”, “focus” and “delegate” and I stayed true to them. This year, 2013, my goals are more personal and less professional. FOCUS
21、Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because Im too much of a multitasker. The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. When I was working as a writer, all my projects were handled via a schedule, Im putting a fitness and housekeeping rou
22、tine into my schedule. HEALTHI get so busy taking care of everyone else, and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me but because I promised my 9-year-old son. Ill make good food and lifestyle c
23、hoices. I miss being thin, and its time to get it back. CELEBRATEWhat good is having it if Im not taking time to enjoy it? I have a wonderful job, a happy family, and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working? Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years, the
24、 best thing Ive done for myself and my family in a long time. This year, Im making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings. Do you have any words for 2013? 9. The underlined word “multitasker” probably refers to a person who. A. makes a living by writingB. always fails to fi
25、nish a task on timeC. has several things to do at the same timeD. pays more attention to fitness and housekeeping10. Why does the writer have “HEALTH” as one of his three words? A. He wants to take better care of others. B. Hes gaining weight and feeling bad. C. He did not take any exercise in the p
26、ast. D. He got the idea from his son. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. The word “CELEBRATE” can remind the writer to enjoy life. B. The writer has a vacation with his family every four years. C. The word “FOCUS” can help the writer focus on his family. D. The writer used to be overweight f
27、or lack of exercise. 12. The best title for the passage might be. A. Three Words for 2013B. Health Should Go FirstC. Keep OrganizedD. Goals for 2013【拓展训练】根据阅读理解B翻译并分析长难句: Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans superior intelligence derived mostly from the fact that our brains are three t
28、imes bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. 句意: 分析: 第一个that引导 从句, 第二个that引导 从句, 强调 的内容。答案解析A【文章大意】经过研究发现学生在下午的记忆效果更好, 因而一位高中校长呼吁高中学校更改作息时间表, 认为这样更加符合青少年的生物钟。1. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章中只提到一个教授, 就是牛津大学的Russell Foster教授。2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的内容可知他的研究表明被测试的学生在下午的表现更好。3. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题
29、。根据第二段中Kelley所持的观点以及第三段中的测验结果以及被测验对象所说的话可推测Kelley“坚定不移”地认为学校时间表的变化会对考试表现产生有意义的影响。前三项分别表示“生气的”“全神贯注的”“能适应的”, 均不符合语境。4. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的内容可知他认为青少年晚起是由他们身体的发展所决定的。B【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明? 看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段的“. . . have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to t
30、he superiority of human intelligence, reported Live Science”可以推知C为正确答案。6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段的“But in modern times, the prefrontal cortexthe region in charge of social cognition, moral judgments and goal-directed planninggrew more than the rest of the brain. ”可知C正确。7. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段的“But if you
31、look at the actual structure of the brain, its not very complex. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly. ”可以推知, 以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明, 故C正确。8. 【解析】选B。逻辑结构题。最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大, 就越聪明, 故选B。C【文章大意】作者介绍了2013年自己的三个重要单词: focus, health, celebrate, 说明了选择这三个单词的原因。9. 【解析】选C。词
32、义猜测题。从第二段的句子The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. 可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。10. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段的句子My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check可知作者的健康和体重出了问题。11. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子Im making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings可知celebrate这个词提醒作者要享受生活。12. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段的句子Do you have any words for 2013? 可知这篇文章讲的是2013年的三个单词。【拓展训练】答案： 科学家们习惯上认为人类的高智商主要源于我们的大脑比我们的近亲猩猩的大脑大三倍这个事实。 宾语 同位语 fact- 7 -