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1、2014年高考英语二轮复习精品教学案：专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气（解析版）【2014考纲解读】情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：1考查情态动词的基本用法。如： can和could的用法及区别； will和would的用法及区别； must的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法； need的用法等。2考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might
2、，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldnt; 语气较弱用may，might或can，could; (2)注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成体”结构。3考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：(1)cannot/cant 与too/over/enough/perfectly
3、/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越越”“无论怎样，也不为过”“决不会，够(过)”。(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。(3)would 和used to的区别； can 和be able to的区别。 (4)“may/might well动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”； “may/might as well动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是的好”。(5)must意为“偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，
4、估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟语气。4考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise, without等。5考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。2014年高考将重点考查情态动词表推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺，非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。 【重点知识梳理】第一部分、情态动词一、can/could与be able t
5、o1can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell you the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。Cou
6、ld I have the television on?Yes，you can./No，you cant.例1、(2013江西，29)When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.AshouldBcouldCmust Dneed二、may与might1表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：May I use your bicycle?2表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。如：According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.3may可以放在句首，表
7、示祝愿。如：May good luck be yours!例2、(2013北京，35)You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know.It _ do.Amight BneedCwould Dshould三、must与have to1must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。如：He said that they must work hard。他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)My brother was ill, so I had to call t
8、he doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)2表示“不必”，须用dont have to或neednt。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。如：You dont have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。You mustnt tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事。Must we do it now?我们必须现在做吗？No, you neednt.不，你们不必。四、shall1用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：What sh
9、all he do next?他下一步干什么呢？2用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。He says he wont go, but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。五、will与would1will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surp
10、rising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。2will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。3would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。六、should与ought to1should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之
11、意。如：You should learn from each other.2ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会”。如：When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They should be ready by 1200.七、情态动词表示推测1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时
12、表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no nee
13、d to do so. He cant be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you sav
14、e me a place?这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road tes
15、t since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。例3、(2013全国，6)Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own.Acan Bmust Cwould Dneed八、“情态动词have done”结构1should/ought tohave done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not
16、 to havedone”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didnt you come?昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？2musthave done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“cant/couldnthave done”表示。Ye S
17、hiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.She must have gone through tough training.叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。她肯定受到严格的训练。Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He cant have gone farhis coats still here.你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。3neednthave done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”
18、。Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。4may/mighthave done，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事”，否定句表示“可能还没有”。Sorry, Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。5couldhav
19、e done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/couldhave done表示“过去可能做了某件事”。I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。第二部分、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法虚拟情况从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)would/should/could/mightdoIf he were here, he might be able t
20、o help.What would you do if you were in his place？与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/mighthave doneIf I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.与将来事实相反过去式were to do/should dowould/should/could/mightdoIf I were to do it, I woul
21、d do it in a different way.I would certainly go if I had time.1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：Had it not been for your help, we wouldnt have achieved so much.2介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：I wouldnt have made such rapid progress without your help.例1、(2013福建，30)Do you think George h
22、as passed the driving test?No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday.Awould drive Bdrove Cwould have driven Dhad driven3有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.例2、(2013天津，14)If he had spent more time practisi
23、ng speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now.Awill be Bwould be Chas been Dwould have been二、“should动词原形”表示的虚拟语气这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should)动词原形”的虚拟语气。Janes pale face su
24、ggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。例3、(2013陕西，12)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A
25、should BmightCcould Dwould三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气If only/Its (high) time (that).wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。I wish I could fly.真希望我能飞。I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。If only I had taken your advice!要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！【高频考点突破】考点一、考查情态动词例1(2013天津，9)No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of
26、gold.Acould Bmust Cdare Dneed【变式探究】(2013陕西，21)The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.Amust have got Bmust getCshould have got Dshould get【变式探究】(2013湖南，32)He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had
27、 caught it.AwouldntBshouldntCcouldntDmustnt考点二、考查情态动词的用法例2.(2013全国，29)The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed.Ashouldnt BcouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt【变式探究】(2013辽宁，31)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drink Bshould drink Cwould have drunk Dmust have drunk【
28、变式探究】(2013辽宁，31)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drink Bshould drink Cwould have drunk Dmust have drunk考点三、考查虚拟语气例3(2013江苏，30)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.Athought Bwould think Chad thought Dhave thought答案：C句意：我本不应该笑的，如果想到你是严肃的。由主句shoul
29、d not have laughed可以看出，与过去事实相反，所以if引起的条件状语从句用过去完成时。故选C项。【变式探究】(2013北京，34)If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.Ahave booked BbookedCbook D had booked【变式探究】(2013浙江，8)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas Bbe Cwere Dis【经典考题精析】
30、【2013高考真题精选】（2013新课标I卷）29. The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt （2013新课标卷)6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. can B. must C. would D. Need【考点定位】情态动词和虚拟语气。（2013浙江）20.-Excuse me, but could I trouble you for
31、some change? -_.Will pennies do?A.I know B. Never mind C.I am sure D. Let me see答案：D（2013浙江）8.Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_ at the age of six months old.A.was B. be C. were D. is 答案：B解析：（2013浙江）3.I_ myself moreit was a perfect day.A.shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC
32、.wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed答案：D解析：（2013大纲卷）26. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. can B. must C. would D. Need答案：B解析：（2013北京卷)35. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should（20
33、13北京卷)34. If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked（2013福建卷)30.Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. drove C. would have drivenD. had driven（2013湖南卷)32. He _ sle
34、ep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt（2013江苏卷)30. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought（2013江西卷)29.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I
35、wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need（2013四川)5. -Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont-Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.（2013天津卷)14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better no
36、w.A. will beB. would beC. has beenD. would have been【答案】B【解析】句意：“如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，那么现在他就能说的更好了。”这是一个混合条件句，是虚拟语气。前一句话是对过去的假设(had spent)，后一句话是对现在的假设(now)。if条件句的虚拟有三种情况：对过去的虚拟，从句用had done，主句用could/would/might+have done；对现在的虚拟，从句用did，主句用could/would/might+do；对将来的虚拟，从句用did/were to do/should+do，主句用could/wo
37、uld/might+do。在这里，如果后面没有now这个时间标志，就填D。故选B。【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气一般用在三个地方：用在与事实相反的if条件句中，用来表示祝愿，用在表示建议的句中。（2013天津卷)9. No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.A. couldB. mustC. dareD. need（2013重庆卷)29. It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. Yeah, we would have got wet al
38、l over if we _.A. hadntB. haventC. didntD. dont（2013重庆卷)26. What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure, but Igo to the Rolling Stones concertA. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might（2013安徽卷)34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. coul
39、dnt C. should D. neednt【答案】B【解析】A、可以；可能；B、不会，不可能；C、应该；D、不必。句意：不可能是词汇导致你在考试中出这个问题，因为你知道很多单词。结合语境可知选B。【考点定位】情态动词（2013安徽卷)28. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone【2012江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont b
40、e with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 【2012湖南29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【2012重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Wou
41、ld【考点定位】情态动词用法【答案】 C【解析】句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will【2012四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni H
42、ao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be【2012陕西卷】23.I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. w
43、ont B. cant C. can D. will 【2012北京卷】33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced【答案】 C。【考点定位】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。【2012北京卷】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up becaus