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1、Section Language Points ()(Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1This week, the company mailed out its annual(年度的) report.2It took me some time to digest(领悟) what I had heard.3People who circulate(传播) false news are to blame.4Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained c
2、ontroversial(有争议的)5They went to prison because they violated(违反) the law.6The interval between the posts measures thirty metres.7I dont know whether I should swap seats with the stranger.8Children need to complete nine years of compulsory education in China.9Those who know how to tolerate others can
3、 naturally lead a happy life.10Fresh air is fundamental to good health.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1circulate vi.循环circulation n循环2tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的tolerance n容忍3doubt v&n.怀疑doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的4oppose vt.反对opposite adj.相对的opposition n反对5contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾contradiction n矛盾6violate vt
4、.违反，违背violation n违反.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in vain徒然，白费力气2at random随便地；随意地3at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何4due to由于5come across偶然遇见6contribute to促成；导致7in silence沉默地；默不作声地8more or less或多或少，大约9out of breath气喘吁吁10in use(机械、场所等)在使用中.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1We must arrive there at all costs before midnight.2I came across this
5、valuable book in an old bookstore.3The irrigation canals that had fallen into disrepair are in use again.4Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.5She opened the book at random and started reading.n.fuladj.v.to动词短语careful小心的 helpful有帮助的 useful有用的stick to 坚持 att
6、end to 专心；注意；照料see to 负责；注意背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.If American athlete Marion Jones hadnt taken drugs，would she have made it to the Olympics at all？如果美国运动员玛里昂琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？make it to“能参加，出席”，其中to为介词。We didnt make it to the party in the end. 我们最终还是没能参加那个聚会。2.Unfortunately，it is not easy to catch a
7、thletes using illegal drugs.不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。catch sb.doing sth.“撞见某人正在做某事”。The teacher caught the boy cheating in the exam. 老师发现那个男孩在考试中作弊。3.In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改
8、变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。have sth.done“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事；经历，遭受某事”。She had her purse stolen yesterday when she was walking around the shopping center. 昨天逛商场时她的钱包被偷了。 tolerate vt.容忍；忍耐；容许(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是基本的欺骗方式，体育界
9、是不会容许运动员服用兴奋剂的。(1)tolerate (doing) sth.容忍(做)某事(2)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容have no tolerance of/for sth. 不能容忍某事物(3)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 忍受、宽容某人/某事I could not tolerate their making up any excuses for what they did.我不能容忍他们为所做的事情编造任何的借口。Some plants are tolerant (tolerate)of extr
10、eme heat.有些植物能耐酷热。She had no tolerance (tolerate)for her deskmates shortcomings.她容不得同桌的缺点。 seek vt.寻找；探求；追求；征求；试图vi.寻找；探求；追求(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅
11、仅是田径运动的问题，也是有运动员想寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的任何一项体育项目的问题。seek to do sth.设法、企图做某事seek after/for 追求，探索seek through 找遍seek out 搜寻出；挑选出；找到seek ones fortune 寻找发财机会，谋求出路All men have the right to seek after happiness.所有人都有追求幸福的权利。I seek to set (set)an example for my colleagues.我试图为我的同事做个榜样。He sought out a shady spot w
12、here he might sit down and rest.他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的荫凉地方。 in vain徒然；白费力气(教材P34)Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。(1)vain adj.徒劳；白费力气；空虚的；无益的；自负的；虚荣心强的be vain about/of 对虚荣的/自负的/自以为了不起的v
13、ain promises 空头的许诺(2)vainly adv. 徒劳地；不成功地；白费力地He made a lot of vain promises but never carried them out.他做出了很多虚假的承诺，但从未兑现过。She was vain of/about her good looks.她对她的美貌很自负。 at random随便地；随意地(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其
14、他参与者只是随意的检查。(1)random adj.胡乱的；随便的，任意的(2)on purpose 有意地，故意地(反义词组)This is only a random sample.这只是随意抽取的样品。Why do you care about his random remarks?他只是随便一说，何必介意？Dont throw waste paper at random or it will make the classroom dirty.不要随便扔废纸，否则会把教室搞得很脏。Im sorry，I didnt do it on purpose.对不起，我不是故意的。 oppose v
15、t.反对(教材P34)Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治疗是一个非常有争议的问题，许多人反对对其进行进一步的研究。(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事(2)opposed adj. 反对的be opposed to(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事(3)opposite adj. 对立的；在对面的prep. 在的对面n. 相反的人或物，对立物be opposite to 与相对，在对面Some people oppose cancelli
16、ng the New Years Eve holiday in 2015.有些人反对取消2015年除夕假日。I am opposed to going(go) shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.我反对星期天逛街，因为太拥挤了。The people sitting opposite(oppose) us looked very familiar.坐在我们对面的那些人看上去很面熟。名师点津opposeobject tobe against反对；oppose为及物动词，object为不及物动词，against为介词。 contradict vt.与(
17、其他事物)相矛盾(教材P34)However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.然而，如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出，这将有悖于整个运动精神。(1)contradict oneself自相矛盾(2)contradictory adj. 矛盾的；完全相反的be contradictory to sth. 与相矛盾(3)contradiction n. 反驳；矛盾in contradiction to/wit
18、h 与相矛盾；与相违背The wellbred contradict other people.The wise contradict themselves.教养良好的人处处和他人过不去。头脑聪明的人处处和自己过不去。His private actions are in direct contradiction to/with his publicly expressed opinions.他私下的行为跟公开的言论完全是两码事。 at all costs不管多大代价；无论如何(教材P34)The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emp
19、hasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。at any costat all costs不管多大代价，无论如何at a cost of 以的价格at the cost of 以为代价at cost 照原价；照成本价She would like to finish her project at any cost.她愿意不惜任何代价来完成自己的计划。He bought a comput
20、er at a cost of 5，000 yuan.他买一台电脑花了5 000元。He saved the children from the big fire at the cost of his own life.他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。 digest vt & vi.消化；吸收；领悟 n摘要，概要；文摘(教材P136)It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood.它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。写出下列句中digest的词性及含义You should allow a little
21、time after a meal for the food to digest.vt.消化I have digested most of the important points in the book.vt.理解The digest of the novel included the most exciting scenes.n.摘要digestion nU消化；C消化能力digestible adj. 易消化的；口感好的；易理解的；可领会的digestive adj. 消化的；和消化有关的Some of his translations were published in English
22、 Digest.他有几篇译作发表在英语文摘上。I did a little exercise to help my digestion(digest)我做了一点运动来帮助消化。图形助记vt.& vi.消化vt.理解，领悟n摘要，文摘(教材P34)In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到
23、两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。【要点提炼】本句使用了“have sth.done”句式，表示“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事”。其中过去分词done在句中作宾语补足语，表示被动意义。结构含义宾语与宾补的关系have sth.done使/让别人做某事；使遭受动宾have sb./sth. doing使/让某人(物)持续地做某事，该结构用于否定句时，have意为“容忍”主动have sb./sth.do使/让某人(物)去做某事主动My teacher had me write a short passage.老师让我写了一篇短文。I had my bike repaired(repair) yest
24、erday.我昨天让人修了自行车。Its cold.We should have the fire burning (burn)all the time.天气冷，我们应该让火一直燃烧着。(教材P34)Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.【分析】taking these drugs在句中作主语；be known as表示
25、“被称为”；并列连词and后的句子中含有although引导的让步状语从句和who引导的定语从句。【翻译】众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康问题。.单句语法填空1The house was sought(seek) through but nothing suspicious was found.2The mother had the baby crying(cry) all the morning.3I swapped my red scarf for her blue one.4The libraria
26、n took a book at random from the shelf.5The thief broke in, trying to open the safe, but in vain.6The citizens opposed building(build) such a factory in this area.7Youve had your house decorated(decorate) with new furniture.8Good health is fundamental(fundament) if you want to have a long life.9You
27、neednt worry，he will make it10Perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.完成句子1我试图使他与她和好，但白费力气。I tried to make his peace with her，but in vain2我不能忍受你被独自留下来。I cant tolerate you being left alone3我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。It took me a long time to digest what I had heard4如果我们乘车的话，我们在五点之前应该能出席那个会议。
28、If we take a bus, we should make it to the meeting before five.5到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it explained often enough.条件句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句If Peter was a more skilful player, he would have scored more points.Ben Johnson would still be the 100 metr
29、es world record holder, if he had not been caught.If he had broken that record, he would be a worldfamous runner now.后自主感悟1.句中，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，而主句表示与过去事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“非真实的、常常是想象中的现在状态，可能对过去有影响”，其构成形式是：“if主语动词的过去式，主语would have done”。2.句中，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句表示与现在事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“想象中的过去事件可
30、能对现在有影响”，其构成形式是：“if主语had done，主语would动词原形”。在英语中，我们一般把条件句分为两种，即真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句亦可称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。一、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气If I were a bird，I could fly.如果我是一只鸟的话，我就能飞了。If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train.如果我们早点出发，就不会错过这列火车了。If he shouldnt come tomorrow, we
31、should put off the meeting till next Monday.要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。即时演练1单句语法填空If Mr Dewey had been (be) present, he would have offered(offer) any possible assistance to the people there.Sorry, I am too busy now, if I had(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.If I were(be) you，I woul
32、d go(go) to see the film Lost on Journey.If you had worked(work) hard last year, you would have passed (pass) the test.If she should come/came/were to come(come) tomorrow, I would ask(ask) her for help.二、混合虚拟条件句在虚拟语气中，虚拟条件句与主句所指的时间不一致(如一个是过去的，一个是现在的)，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式需要根据具体的时间来调整，从而构成混合虚拟条件句，即错综时间条件句。该句
33、式中不仅仅存在时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合，其基本用法如下：1想象的过去事件可能对现在或将来有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反had done主句与现在/将来事实相反would/should/could/ might动词原形If you had taken his advice then, you would be better now.如果你当时听取了他的建议，你现在会好些。If you hadnt watched TV late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.如果你昨晚看电视不看到那么晚，你现在就不会这么困倦。If I
34、 had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。2想象的过去事件可能对现在正在进行的动作有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反had done主句与现在正在进行的事实相反would/should/could/mightbe doingIf I had studied hard, I would be studying in college now.如果我努力学习的话，我现在就在大学里学习了。If he hadnt left for Shanghai, he would be
35、helping me now.如果他不去上海的话，他现在就帮助我了。If you had not given me a lift，I would be walking in the rain now.如果你不让我搭车，我现在还冒雨走着呢。3想象中的现在状态可能对过去有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(bewere)主句与过去事实相反would/should/could/ mighthave doneIf I were you，I would have gone to watch the Expo then.如果我是你，当时我就去看世博会了。If she didnt spe
36、ak a few languages，she wouldnt have got that job.如果她不会说几种语言，她就不能得到那份工作了。即时演练2单句语法填空We would be(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.Maybe if I had studied(study)science，and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment
37、 this morning, I would have gone(go) to see the film with you last night.If he had listened(listen) to me, he would not be in such trouble now.If you had not studied the problem carefully, you would find(find) it difficult now.三、虚拟条件句的特殊用法1省掉if的条件从句结构若条件句把if省略，则需要把were，had，should放在主语前，形成部分倒装结构。Had y
38、ou taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.(If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. )如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。2含蓄虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词、定语从句、短语或上下文暗示(常见without，but for，otherwise，or等表达)，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would
39、have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。Without electricity (If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help (If it had not been your help), it would have caused a serious
40、 loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。A true friend would not do such a thing.(If he were a true friend, he would not do such a thing. )一个真正的朋友是不会做这样的事的。3含虚拟语气的句子：but真实情况Mary would tell us something about London，but she isnt from London.玛丽很想告诉我们一些关于伦敦的事情，但她不是来自伦敦的。(前面表示对现在的虚拟，but后的从句表示一个客观情况)即时演练3单句语法填空It is luc
41、ky we booked a room，or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt have written(not，write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they would have come(come) to our help.Were(
42、be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I would have attended(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.单句语法填空1If you had posted the letter，Joan would have received(receive) it last Monday.2What would you say or do if someone called(call) you a fool?3If he hadnt been(not be) ill，he would have done something to help us.4I am not tired.If I were tired，I would have(have)a rest.5If you had followed(follow) the doctors advice，youwould be(be) all right now.