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1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础全程训练（7）及答案较难题目特训：科普知识类阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Like distance runners on measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern. In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (ener
2、gy). After we grow up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out. A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging. Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body
3、. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break. Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infec
4、tion (a disease caused by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end. In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food)in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown. Today, at the Univ
5、ersity of California at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein (蛋白质)limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many
6、of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset. For the first time, the mystery (something that is difficult to understand or to explain)of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-rea
7、ching discoveries. An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at twenty, we would live for 800 years. 1. What does the underlined word “it”refer to? A. Physical vitality.B. Stress.C. A
8、ging.D. Physical resistance. 2. The author believes the following EXCEPT that _.A. humans life pattern is predictableB. physical fitness cant stop the force of agingC. humans lifetime will last longer than 75 yearsD. all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body3. How did Dr Paul Seagl
9、e lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment? A. By limiting the protein in their diet. B. By cutting the calories in their diet. C. By resetting their clock of aging. D. By keeping their physical fitness. 4. What is probably the best title for the article? A. Two Great Experiments. B. The Myst
10、ery of Human Life. C. Ways to Lengthen Human Life. D. The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging. 【参考答案】11.BDAD 阅读理解-A NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scar
11、s. Often they relive these experiences. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce , or possibly erase(抹去), the effect of painfu
12、l memories. In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. The research has
13、caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. Some memories can ruin peoples lives . They
14、 come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions, said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. This could relieve a lot of that suffering. But those who are against the research say that changing mem
15、ories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. Im not sure we want to wipe those memories out, said Rebecca Dresser, a medi
16、cal ethicist(论理学家).Some people fear that although the drug would first be uesed in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common. “ People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph Le Doux, a New York University memory researcher.” All we want to do is to help people ha
17、ve better control of memories.”1. Whats the main idea of this passage? A People often suffer from bad memories. B American researchers are trying to develop a pill. C Forget bad memories, and be happy. D The researh has caused a heated argument.答案解析：答案为D。本题为主旨大意题。第一段引出话题人们想忘记痛苦的回忆，第二、三段介绍科学家研究可以消除痛苦
18、回忆的药物，该研究引起了人们的激烈争论，有人支持，有人反对，文章的重心着重于人们的争论，文章的大意就是“研究引起了激烈的争论”。 故答案为D。2. The underlinded word “ it “ in Para 4 refers to _A the new drug B the research into the drugC the bad memory D the chemical drug答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推理题。结合划线的 “it” 出现的语境 “The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think
19、it is a bad idea, while others support it.” 可以推断，“it”指代的是“the research”，再结合前面第二、三段的内容可知，“it”指代的是对药物的研究，故答案为B。3. Which of the opinions is NOT the opinion of the supporters?A The pill can erase all the memories of the pastB Some memories can ruin peoples lives. The pill can relieve emotional suffering
20、.C The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.D The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.答案解析：答案为A。 本题为细节题。由第四段 “Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They say that the
21、re are many people who suffer from terrible memories.” 和第五段 “Some memories can ruin peoples lives . They come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” 可知，B、C、D选项是支持者的意见。 A选项 “药物可以抹去所有过去的回忆”表达有误。故答案为A。4. Which of the opinio
22、n is not the opinion of the opponents? A Our memories give us our identity.B The memories help human avoid mistakes of the past.C The drug should be used in only very serious cases.D People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第六、七段可知，A、B、D选项都是反对者的意见。由最后一段首句 “
23、 Some people fear that although the drug would first be uesed in only very serious cases”可知，C选项是文中的一个事实，不是反对者的意见，故答案为C。社会生活类阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The other day at a supermarket, I saw a naughty child of about six crying loudly, falling to the floor and refusing to move.
24、All the while the troubled mother was trying to persuade him to behave well but failed. A little smack(打)on his bottom would have done the job, I thought. Teenagers also cause discipline (纪律)problems. As a teacher I had a 16-year-old student who had fallen in love with a waiter at a fast-food restau
25、rant. In fact, she had left home to stay with him. So we decided to put her in the school hostel. She refused. When she heard her mother begging her to stay in the hostel, she turned round and said, “Why dont you stay in the hostel if you like it so much?”My palms were itching to slap her for being
26、so rude but the poor mother continued to cajole her, hoping the gentle persuasion would work wonders. It did not. Later I heard that she had run away from home again. The list goes on and on. Could it be that todays parents are softer and believe that they must not rod (棍棒惩罚) their children for fear
27、 of the bad result?Or do they actually believe that the children will get rid of the bad habits and behave well naturally as they grow older?I beg to disagree. I believe it is the parents duty to discipline the children even at a young age. My children who are now adults will prove the fact that I u
28、sed the rod when I thought it necessary. Later when they went abroad, they related to their British university friends on how they were disciplined.Their friends abroad were idled with horror and told my daughter that I could be charged with child abuse. However, my daughter showed great respect for
29、 me when she told them that she would not be where she was today if not for my strict discipline. 1. According to the passage, the author would probably _.A. beat the children every dayB. treat the children in a softer wayC. leave the children as they areD. punish the children when necessary2. The u
30、nderlined word “cajole”( in Para. 3 )probably means _.A. persuadeB. scoldC. forgiveD. punish3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The naughty boys mother hit him. B. The teachers daughter lived with her mother. C. The daughter was thankful for the authors strict discipline.
31、D. The author was charged with child abuse by the daughters friends abroad. 4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. Spoil KidsB. Value DisciplineC. Respect Parents D. Protect Kids【参考答案】36. DACB 阅读理解-BMaggie was very glad that James was not a frequent visitor to the house.
32、 So far as the children were concerned, they had a mystery about him that stirred their imagination. He stirred Maggies anger, however, so that she often said to her husband, “Its mercy that brother of yours doesnt come often.” In fact James came once a year, unexpectedly, around eight oclock in the
33、 evening, and he stayed for six hours of close discussion with his brother. His arrival was a signal to the children that their bedtime would be delayed. Not that he ever spoke to them or played with them. He took no notice of them, as if he was unable to see children, at least until the time came f
34、or him to go. Instead, after his first greeting and a careless kiss, James took no notice of Maggie either, except to add, “Youll be getting on with the supper, Maggie.” Such was his regard for her. Maggie paid him back in her own way. She kept the children up, the four of them, to keep her company,
35、 she said, but of course they sang and made a noise and broke the endless sound of Jamess voice. Very late, they dropped off to sleep in their chairs. Then, when James was about to go, Maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left. That gave her some s
36、atisfaction, for James, though rich, was mean. He always went home by the last train, just after two oclock. Maggies children secretly stared at their uncle. They could not forget that he had, in their mothers words, “lost two wives and taken a third, ” They wondered about those two unfortunate lost
37、 ladies. They asked each other what their fate had been, and if neither could ever be found again. James never brought his third wife with him nor ever mentioned her. The children decided that he must be so frightened of losing her that he never allowed her outside the door. 1. The underlined word “
38、mercy” in the text most probably means _. A. loss B. wonderC. lucky thing D. terrible thing 答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由第一段的内容可知，Maggie非常高兴James不常来她家，James的到来只会让Maggie生气，于是她对她丈夫说：“你的弟弟不常来真是一件不错的事情。” 故 “mercy” 意思就是 “lucky thing(幸运事)”。故答案为C。2. Maggie never prepared anything special for James because _. A. he
39、was a man difficult to please B. she never knew when he was coming C. she was too busy looking after her children D. he never stayed long enough for a meal 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。文中虽没有提及Maggie从不为James 准备特别的东西，但是可以根据文中第二段首句 “In fact James came once a year, unexpectedly, around eight oclock in the evening”
40、推断，James一年只来一次，而且是没有预料地到来，所以Maggie从不为James 准备特别的东西。故答案为B。3. What do we know about James behavior? A. He was a kind man, with love for the family. B. He was generous, especially towards his brother. C. He was anxious to please the family, especially the kids. D. He was rude to his sister-in-law. 答案解析
41、：答案为D。本题为推理题。由第二段后面的内容 “Instead, after his first greeting and a careless kiss, James took no notice of Maggie either, except to add, “Youll be getting on with the supper, Maggie.” Such was his regard for her.” 可知James 不注意Maggie，除了说一句问候的话，可以推断，他对他的嫂子非常粗鲁，故答案为D。 4. Maggie felt pleased when _. A. she p
42、aid James the money that she owed him B. James gave some money to the children C. she had to wake James up to catch his train D. James thanked her for the nice supper 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第三段 “Then, when James was about to go, Maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shill
43、ings before he left. That gave her some satisfaction, for James, though rich, was mean.”可知，当James要离开的时候，Maggie把孩子们唤醒，或多或少地逼James给四个先令的钱孩子们，这才让她感到些许满意，因为James虽然有钱但是非常小气。 故答案为B。5. The children did not realize that two of James wives _. A. had been dead B. suffered from loss of memory C. had run away f
44、rom him D. might appear again one day答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由最后一段 “Maggies children secretly stared at their uncle. They could not forget that he had, in their mothers words, “lost two wives and taken a third, ” They wondered about those two unfortunate lost ladies. They asked each other what their fate had been, and if neither could ever be found again.” 可知，Maggie对孩子们说James失去了两位妻子，又娶了第三个，但是孩子们却想知道那两位不幸的妻子，他们彼此讨论两位妻子的命运是怎样的，是不是都找不到了。可以推断，孩子们并不知道James的两位妻子已经死去。故答案为A。 - 10 -