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1、2014高考英语抓分训练：科普知识型阅读理解(一)AThe forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese hightech
2、companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March
3、 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 per cent of Japans energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 per cent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which u
4、ses renewable energy for more than 80 per cent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploratio
5、n and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulat
6、ions protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute
7、 in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 per cent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the worl
8、ds largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1. What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBThe worlds largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2. What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?A
9、About 8%. BBelow 1%.CAround 30%. DOver 80%.3. According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs _Aa change of rulesBfinancial supportClocal peoples helpDhigh technology4. Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm programme by _AYoshiyasu TakefujiBHideaki MatsuiCShigeto Y
10、amadaDYoko Ono5. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in JapanBA blind baby is doubly hand
11、icapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激)from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the tenmonthold son of Dr and Mrs Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experimen
12、t designed to prevent a lag(滞后)in the learning process. With the aid of a sonartype electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声)The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”， an instrument pro
13、duced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a batterypowered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an
14、80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a
15、 sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennis sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some noti
16、on of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its_edge. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peekaboo with his mother. Standing on his knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By
17、turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it，” says Mrs Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his e
18、nvironment.Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc., is working on the development of sonar(声呐) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis for use by schoolage children.1. Dr and Mrs Daughters research is directed to _Ahelping the blind to see and learn as well as othersBbenefiting the learning process
19、 of blind childrenCsolving blind childrens psychological problemsDfinding out how children develop intellectually2. Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because _Ahe already lags behind the sighted childrenBhe leads a life as normal as any other childrenChe is at the ear
20、ly stage of the learning processDhe has the aid of a sonartype electronic device3. What can we learn about infant Dennis device?AIts the first design that was designed for blind adults.BIts battery is as small as a halfdollar coin.CIt is functionally similar to a sane or guide dog.DIt has been impro
21、ved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.4. In the third paragraph, “its edge” refers to “_”Athe edge of an objectBthe edge of the deviceCthe boundary of Dennis movementDthe boundary of the pitch5. What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis device?AIt had better be used by bli
22、nd children from school age.BIt needs improving for use in a complicated environment.CIt may not be so suitable for the blind adults.DIt benefits blind children in terms of learning.CA great invention by an 18yearold high school student grew out of a simple problem most teenagers meet with.“Im a tee
23、nager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” Eesha Khare said on Tuesday. “Thats how I came across supercapacitors.”The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，000 prize on May 1
24、7, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds. “It charges very quickly and can store a lot of energy，” Khare said. “The cool thing is that its a lot thinner than one hair.” Khare hasnt use
25、d her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量). If used on cellphones, the supercharger would slide on to the phones battery to charge it in a matter of seconds. The technology isnt available to consumers yet, and
26、 it could be years until it is.At an Intel event in Phoenix, Khare won the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award, taking second place overall in the worlds largest high school science research competition. She beat out more than 1，600 finalists from 70 countries. She said that she has been contacte
27、d by several companies to continue her research, but is now focused on attending Harvard University in the fall. “Right now, just my education, but hopefully well see what happens in the future，” she said about her plans. “I have a lot of interests, so well see what I do in the future.”1. The passag
28、e starts with _Awhat problem most teenagers meet with in lifeBhow Khare helped others with their problemsA【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能这样一件事，因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1D文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。2B从第六段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs
29、in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。3A从倒数第四段“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。4B从“Producing electricity using hot springs is a d
30、ecadeslong project.”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。5C从最后两段“believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology”可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。B【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了一项针对盲童的学习过程的研究。1B首段第三句末的不定式“to prevent a lag(滞后) in the learning process”表明
31、了Daughters夫妇研究的目的。另外，文章一开头就提到了本文讨论的重点是针对blind baby的，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。2C首段首句提到的a blind baby，第三句提到的tenmonthold和末句提到的infant等词都表明Dennis成为研究对象是因为Daughters夫妇研究的是盲童从小的学习过程，Dennis年龄很小，正处于学习的最初阶段，符合Daughters夫妇做研究的条件，因此选项C为本题答案。3A第二段首句中的improvement表明Dennis用的声呐定位仪是“Sonicguide”的改良版，也就是说“Sonicguide”是Dennis的声呐定位仪的原型
32、。根据该句对其功能的描述可以确定选项A为本题答案。4A第三段第四句中的thanks to 表明此处解释了Dennis的声呐定位仪的运作机制，即通过声波描绘物体的形状，该句中the cone指的就是该定位仪，而its edge应指周围物体的边缘。当声波碰到物体的边缘时，就能通过声音描绘出物体的形状了，因此本题答案应为A。5D从末段末句中的schoolage children及句中的其他内容可以推断Telesensory 最可能认为Dennis的声呐定位仪有利于儿童的学习过程，因此选项D为本题答案。C【要点综述】 一位高中生因其一项发明而在英特尔国际科学与工程大赛中胜出，并因此获得50，000美元
33、的奖金。该发明虽然看起来很小，但却能储存大量的能量，因此可以迅速给手机充电。1C根据第二段“Im a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage”可知全文首先介绍Khare发明该事物的起因，故选C项。2AKhare今年18岁，再根据第三段“The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week,
34、won a $50，000 prize on May 17, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair”可知该文写于2013年，由此可推断她应该出生于1995年。3D根据第五段“The technology isnt available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.”可知该发明尚未投入使用，故选D项。4C根据第五段“Khare hasnt used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量)”可判断选C项。5B根据最后两段可知Khare当前的计划是要进入哈佛大学读书，故选B项。- 5 -