《2022年高中英语专题非谓语动词精讲.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语专题非谓语动词精讲.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Part A 不定式和动名词一不定式和动名词的共同用法：作主语、作表语、作定语、作宾语1. 作主语 Getting up early 早起 is a good habit. Climbing up the mountains is interesting. 爬山很好玩； 体会 Looking after the baby_ 照料婴儿 is her job every day. To look after the baby 照料婴儿 is her job today.动名词： 表常常的习惯的动作或已知的事或体会 不定式： 表详细的、一次的行为2.
2、 作表语 1 动名词,不定式和作主语用法相同 2 假如主语是以 aim,duty,hope, idea, happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish 等为中心的名词,或以 用；what 引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作His wish is to buy a car before long. 他的期望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车；3. 作定语动名词表示 所修饰名词的用途；不定式表示 将来 可做或该做的行为；例如：A swimming pool= a pool for swimming 游泳池A swimming boy = a bo
3、y who is swimming A pool to swim in 可游泳的池塘Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from BJ. 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？4. 作宾语英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求：1不定式做宾语决心学会想期望,拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选方案,同意恳求帮一帮；decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, 名师归纳总结 - - -
4、 - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 此外： seem, attempt, fail, happen, afford, strive, make up onewould/should like/love to s mind to, be determined to, 留意：不定式作介词but, except 除了 的宾语；（ cant choose but, cant help but.The soldiers could do nothing but wait for t
5、he order. The soldier had no other choice but to wait for the order. The scientist cannot help but wonder , “ Are humans dying out like other animals.”一般的介词后面的宾语都是-ing 形式或名词； 但这两个除外； 它们两个后面用不定式作宾语；一般的考点都集中在它们后面的不定式带 to 仍是不带的问题上；一般看的是前面有没有 do 的任何形式或 cant,有就不带 to,没有就带 to；2有少数动词 只能 用动名词作宾语miss , imagin
6、e, mind, escape, insist on, practise, suggest, consider, avoid, enjoy/appreciate, risk, finish, deny, forbid, keep/keep on , allow/permit, delay/put off ,can t stand , give up , feel like , insist on , thank you for , apologize for , be busy in , have difficulty/trouble/problem in , have a good /won
7、derful/hard time in , spend time in 例句： The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught. My brother got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the last chance.He admitted breaking the window. 他承认打破了玻璃；The boys admitted having broken my car window while playing fo
8、otball. I really appreciate your replying so soon. Youd better avoid seeing your boss today. He is like a bull in a china shop. Can you imagine living alone on the moon. Jill couldnt resist making jokes about my baldness. The experienced worker suggested making a hole the other side. I just cant sta
9、nd being bossed around by a woman. Are you really used to drinking wines three meals a day. We are looking forward to seeing you in New York. When the weather turns fine, I have get down to repairing my house. They set about treating the baby immediately they arrived. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14
10、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 现对上述只以动名词作宾语的动词分类归纳如下：A.留意动词的一词多义consider 只有在作 “ 考虑 ” 解时才以 -ing 形式作宾语 ；如：Tom is considered to be the best driver in the team. 认为 Tom is considering borrowing some money from the bank. （考虑） can t help只有作 “ 禁不住 ” 解时才以 -ing 形式作宾语 ；如：Sorry, Im busy preparing for the exam and ca
11、nt help clean the room Sorry, I cant help laughing when I heard the news. 禁不住 be used to 只有作 “ 习惯于 ” 解时才以 -ing 形式作宾语 ；如：The knife is used to cut off the skin of the trees. 被用来做 The students are used to getting up early in the morning. 习惯于 B留意摆脱思维定势allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. + sb. to d
12、o sth. 这是一个同学出错率挺高的考点；由于,大家都知道如 allow sb. to do sth. 这样的结构,并且烂熟于心； 所以在见到 Allow 等后面直接跟宾语的时候,大家的第一反应就是挑选 to do,这样就中了出题人的陷阱；例如：My parents dont allow me to go there by plane for the sake of safety. They don t allow smoking in this area of the campus. Jills teacher advised him to take the job in the less
13、 famous company. Jills teacher advised taking the job in the less famous company. The manager forbids anyone to enter his office without permission. Smoking is forbidden in this office. C留意主动形式表被动意义的问题Your desk needs cleaning. Your desk needs to be cleaned. The flowers require watering every day. Th
14、e flowers require to be watered every day. He wants reminding of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. He wants to be reminded of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The play is worth seeing a second time The play is worthy o
15、f being seen a second time. The play is worthy to be seen a second time. 以上几组只是在主动或被动的形式上有所差别,意义相同；D动名词的规律主语问题动名词的规律主语通常为：形容词性物主代词+动名词；名词全部格+动名词；例如：Tom insisted on my going with them. 他坚持要我和他们一起去；He dislikes his wife working late. 他不喜爱他妻子工作得很晚；I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic O
16、cean in five days. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief being caught. 值得留意的是, 在动名词的复合结构作 式的人称代词；宾语 时,其中的形容词性物主代词可以转化为宾格形例如： Well appreciate you calling back soon. youryouDo you mind your students using mobiles in school. your students your studentsCan you imagine us passing the test on
17、 our first attempt. our us 但是,千万留意,当动名词作主语时,前面只能用形容词性物主代词或者名词全部格；例如： His coming back late made all of us angry. My mother s being ill sent all of us into great anxiety. 同时,在某些情形下,动名词的规律主语必需用名词的一般格或人称代词宾语：a.无生命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒；b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have
18、you ever heard of women practising boxing. c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列你听说过妇女练拳击吗？Do you remember your parents and me telling about this. 你记得你父母和我都告知过你这事吗？留意：用作介词的to 一为介词 +名词 /动名词 , to 在下面的用法中是第to 有两种用法：一为不定式 +动词原形；二种,即 to+ 名词 /动名词：名师归纳总结 admit to 承认,confess to 承认,be accustomed to 习惯于, be used to 习惯于,stick to 坚第
19、 4 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 持,turn to 开头,着手于,devote oneself to 献身于,be devoted to 致力于,look forward to 希望,pay attention to 留意 ,get down to 着手做某事 , lead to 导致 ,object to 反对例如：I must admit to feeling ashamed of my conduct. 我得承认因自己的行为而感到羞惭；He confessed to cheating on the exam. 他承认考试作
20、弊；Stop playing cards , lets get down to doing something more meaningful. 3有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1 forget to do 遗忘要去做某事 未做 forget doing 遗忘做过某事 已做 例如： The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯仍在亮着,它遗忘关了；没有做关灯的动作 He forgot turning the light off. 他遗忘他已经关了灯了； 已做过关灯的动作 Dont forg
21、et to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来；to come 动作未做 典型例题- The light in the office is still on. - Oh ,I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：C；由 the light is still on 可知灯亮着, 即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用 forget to do sth. 而 forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己遗忘了这一事实；此处不符合题意；2 stop to
22、 do 停止去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或常常做的事例如： They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟；名师归纳总结 I must stop smoking.我必需戒烟了；第 5 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest 答案：
23、 C；由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息；因此,应选 择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 ；而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以 stop doing sth. 不正确；3 remember to do 记住去做某事 未做 remember doing 记得做过某事 已做 例如： Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局；Dont you remember seeing the man before. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 . 4 regret to do 对要做的事遗憾 regret
24、 doing 对做过的事遗憾 , 懊悔 例如： I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必需这样去做,我实在没有方法；I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告知她我的想法而懊悔；典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to doB. to be doingC.to have doneD.having done 答案： D；regr
25、et having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾；事感到遗憾；此题为对已说的话感到懊悔,因此选 D；5 try to do 努力 , 妄想做某事 try doing 试验 , 试一试某种方法 例如： You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加当心；I tried gardening but didnt succeed. regret to do sth. 对将要做的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 我试着种果木花卉,但未胜利；6 mean to do 准备,有意要 me
26、an doing 意味着 例如：I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不愿让我去；To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力；7 go on to do 继而 去做另外一件事情 go on doing 连续 原先没有做完的事情 例如： After he had finished his maths ,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理；the exercise after you h
27、ave chatted with your friends. Go on doing 与同学聊完天后,接着做练习；8 propose to do 准备 要做某事 proposing doing 建议 做某事 例如： He proposed building a bridge across this river. 他建议在这条河上造一座桥；They propose to begin tonight. 他们准备今晚开头；9 like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示详细行为；+doing sth 表示抽象 , 倾向概念 例如： I like swimming , but I
28、 donlike to swim this afternoon. 如：留意：假如这些动词前有 should 一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词；例I should like to see him tomorrow. 10 need, want, require +doing 表被动意义； +to do 表示主动意思；例如： The teacher wants us to clean the classroom immediately. We need to clean the classroom. The classroom needs to be cleaned. The classro
29、om requires cleaning. 名师归纳总结 11 cant help +to do 不能帮忙做某事第 7 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - can t help +doing 禁不住做某事二不定式作宾语补足语和状语1. 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语；谓语动词 vt. + 宾语+不定式人 / 物 作宾语补足语 ask请 / tell 告知 / teach 教 / want 想要 / would like 想 要 / get 让 / help 帮 / +sb. / sth. +to do invite 邀请
30、 / like 喜爱 / warn 警告 / make使得 / let让 / hear听 / see看 / +sb. / sth. + do to 的不feel 感 觉 / watch 观 看 / have 使 得 / （注： 此为省略help帮忙 定式）如： Mum asked me to help her with the cooking. 妈妈叫我帮忙她做饭；I would like you to see my parents. 我想要你见见我的父母；The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day. 老板常让工人们一天工作14 小时
31、；Now let me hear you play the violin. 现在让我来听你拉小提琴；留意：省略to 的不定式做感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时,在改为被动语态时,to 要仍原；例如： I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 留意： help 之后作宾补的不定式符号to 可以省略； hear / see / feel / watch 之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时 ,含义不同 ,
32、需特殊留意；试比较：I heard her crying when I walked past. 我路过时听到她正在哭；指当时瞬时的情形 I sat near her and heard her sing the new song. 我坐在她邻近听她唱新歌；指整个过程 留意： 只有不定式和分词可以做宾语补足语；尽管动名词与现在分词的形式相同,但是动名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词从本质上来讲,充当的是名词的功能,所以肯定不能做宾语补足语和状语；试比较以下几组句子：Eating too much is not
33、good for your health. 动名词短语 ,作主语 / Seeing is believing .动名词短语 ,分别作主语和表语 / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.现在分词 ,作定语 / His father saw him sitting on some eggs .现在分词 ,作宾补 2.不定式仍可以作状语；1）目的状语To only to 仅仅为了 ,in order to,so as to,sosuch as to如此 以便 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞速地跑以
34、便赶上第一班车；I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你辞别；2）作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面；What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3 表缘由Im glad to see you. 典型例题The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat
35、on 答案： B. 假如不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词；当动词与介词连用时,常位于形容词 +动词不定式 结构的末尾；三动名词的特殊句型1 It is + no use, no good fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore. 等名词 +doing sth. It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is no good objecting. 反对也没有用；It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
36、 劝告这样的人加入真是铺张时间；名师归纳总结 2 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好；第 9 页,共 14 页It is + useless + doing sth. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is useless speaking.光说没用；3 There is no + doing.there is no 表” 不行能 ” There is no telling what he is going to do. 说出他要干什么是不行能的；There is no joking about
37、such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑；There is no saying when hell come. 很难说他何时回来；4 There is no use good/point/sense/harm+doing sth. 做某事没用 不好 /意义 /意义 /坏处 There is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶洒了,哭也无用；There is no point asking his parents for the money, for they are poor. 向父母要钱是没有意义的,由于他们很穷；There s no sens e i
38、n criticizing him. 批判他也没有用；There s no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小时是没有意义的；There is no harm having a walk after your meal. 饭后漫步是没坏处的；5 have difficulty /trouble/problem + in+doing trouble, fun, a hard have 作有解时,后接情感名词in 可省略 ,再接动名词；这类词仍有time, a good time. 例如： We had difficulty in carrying out the
39、plan. 我们执行方案有困难；6 feel like + 名词 / 动名词=would like to + 原形动词感觉像,想要I feel like a newborn baby. 我感觉像一个新生的婴儿；I feel like having a shower.=I would like to have a shower. 7 spend/waste time doing sth. They spent a lot time in making preparations. 四、动名词练习他们花了很多时间作预备；1 _ your own needs and styles of communi
40、cation is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. （2022 湖南）A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 2. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim.（2022 陕西）A. to go B. going C go D. having gone 3. People couldnt help _ the foolish e
41、mperor in the procession . A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on 4. Were looking forward _ the photo exhibition . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting 5. This sentence needs _ . A. a improvement B. im
42、prove C. improving D. improved 6. What are you going to do this morning . Im thinking of _ to visit my aunt . A. go B. going C. having gone D. my going 7. I really enjoy _ that kind of job . A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be doing 8. Only one of these books is _ . A. worth to read B. worth being read
43、 C. worth of reading D. worth reading 9. I cant imagine _ that with them . A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing 10. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _ . A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 五、不定式练习1. There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on
44、 the Moon.（2022北京）A. solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved 2. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions ,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.（ 2022 湖南）A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing 3. Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. 2022 山东 A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs