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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“ 过去式（ be 动词的过去式用 were） ”,而主句中的谓语动词用 If I were a boy, I would join the army. “ would / should/ could / might + 动词原形 ”；如：If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词就用 “ would / should
2、 / might / could + have + 过去分词 ”；如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 shouldwere to + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词就用 would / should/ could might + 动词原形；如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生
3、的时间不一样时,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间作相应调整；如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句 主 句与过去事实相 should /would/could/might + have + 过had + 过去分词反 去分词与现在事实相一般过去时 be 用 were would/should/could/might + 动词原形反与将来事实相 一般过去时或 shouldwere Would/should/cold/might
4、 + 动词原形反 to + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略 if, 句子就可换成以下形式,即“ were / had / should +主语 ”；如：Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用；“wish + 宾语从句 ”表示不能实现的愿望,译为 “要是 就好了 ” 等；表示现在不能实现的愿望, 从句中的谓
5、语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“ would/could + 动词原形 ”；表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“ had + 过去分词 ”或“ couldshould + have + 过去分词 ”；如：I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、comma
6、nd、order 等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形；如：She suggested we shouldleave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用；作表示建议、 要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request 等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中
7、的谓语动词用“ （should） + 动词原形 ” ；如：His suggestion that we shouldgo to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they shouldpay 100 dollars. （3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用；在主语从句中, 谓语动词的虚拟语气用 理应如此等；如：“ should + 动词原形 ” 的结构, 表示诧异、 不信任、It is necessaryimportant, natural, strange, etc.that we should clean the room every day. It
8、was a pity a shame, no wonder, etc.that you should be so careless. It will be desiredsuggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 留意：这种从句表示的是事实；假如说人对这种事实表现出诧异的情感,就可用虚拟语气；反之,假如不表示诧异等情感,that 从句也可用陈述句语气；如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚拟语气在
9、其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,假如从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时；指现在状况,就用一般过去时；指将来状况就用过去将来时；如：He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. （2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中；这种从句常用于句型“ It is hightime that ”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时be 用 were或 should + 动词原形,意思
10、是“ 现在 该 ” ；如：It s time that I picked up my daughter.It s high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中；如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. （4）虚拟语气在一些简洁句中的运用；情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人虚心、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常显现在日常会话中；如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind
11、enough to close the door. 用于一些习惯表达法中；如：Would you like a cup of tea. I would rather not tell you. 二、精典名题导解挑选填空名师归纳总结 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. NMET 95 第 2 页,共 7 页A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为C；此题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题,as if
12、引导的状语从句假如与事实一样,不用虚拟语气,假如与事实相反,应用虚拟语气；题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中,铅笔看上去似乎断了” ；而实际上铅笔并未断,与事实相反,前半部分- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 陈述是一般现在时,因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟,用 were broken；2. I didn see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.NMET 94 A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为 D；此
13、题考查的是 if 条件句中的虚拟语气；题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐,故你姐姐没来；因此假如 “ 她来了 ” 与事实相反, 前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟,所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词；3. If he _, he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.NMET 93 A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would h
14、ave been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为 B；此题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法；依据下一句语境可知,他事先并没有得到警告,表示过去时间的虚拟语气,应选 B；虚拟语气1I enjoyed the movie very much I wish I the book from which it was made A have read B had read Cshould have read Dam reading 2You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier,you himA came；Would
15、meetB had come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet D had come；would meet 3I cant stand himHe always talks as though he everythingA knew Bknows Chas know Dhad known 4His doctor suggested that he short trip abroadA will take Bwould take C take Dtook 5We might have failed if you us a helping handA have not
16、given Bwould not give Chad not given D did not give 6The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a monthA has Bhave Chad Dwill have 7He was busy yesterday,otherwise he to the meetingA would come Bwould have been Ccould have been D would be 8If there were no subjunctive mood ,Englis
17、h much easierA will be Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be 9the fog,we should have reached our schoo1ABecause of BIn spite of CIn case of DBut for 10 What will you do during winter vacation. I don t know,but its about timesomethingDI m decidingA I decided BI ll decide CI d decided 11 He was
18、very busy yesterday, otherwise,he to your birthday party Awould come Bcame Cwould have come Dshould come 12 The two strangers talked as if they friends for years Ashould be Bhad been Chave been Dwere 13 Look. What you ve done.You have been more carefulAshould Bmay Cought D would 14 Without electrici
19、ty ,what . Awill the world be like Cthe world will be like Bwould the world be like Dthe World Would be like 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 15 With your ability , you out the puzzle within a few minutes A could have worked Bneed have worked B Cought have worked Dmust have wo
20、rked 16 My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possibleAis taken Bmust be taken Cbe taken Dhas to be taken 17 If we had not missed the bus,we lunch at home now Awould have had Bwould have C must be having Dwould be having 18here yesterday,he would attend the lecture with us today
21、AHad he been B If he were CWere he DShould be he 19 His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk Ahad been B was Cbe Dshould be 20 Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day. Ashould come B should have solved C have solved Dsolved 21 0ur chairman hasnt come
22、yetIf he on time,we would have to put off the meeting Ashould come B would come Cshouldn t come Ddoesn t come22 He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a restAwas； be allowed Cshould be；must be allowed 23 He did his best in everything ；Bwas；must be allowed Dshould be； be allowed he
23、 would not have been what he wasAand Bbut Cotherwise Dbut that 24 I do I could give you a hand Ahope Bwish Cexpect Dthink 25 I Would rather she tomorrow than today Acome Bcame C should Dhas come 26 The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rulesAobeys Bobey Cwill obey DWould obey 27 I her if
24、 I thought she would understand Awould tell Bwill tell CWould have to1d Dtold 28 The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day A1earn ,he Bto learn Cmust learn D1earning 29 If he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y AWas warmed；would not take Cwould be warmed ；had
25、 not taken Bhad been warmed；wou1d not have taken Dwould have been warmed；had not taken 30 Without electricity human life quite different today DWould be Ais Bwill be Cwould have been 虚拟语气l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD 虚拟语气强化训练1Were it not for the snowy weather,
26、 we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I
27、 would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 5. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave
28、 D. If he leaves 6. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 8. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert l
29、ast Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 9. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I _your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 10. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have
30、 won 11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 12. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed_ there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 13. I wish
31、I _ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were 14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happene
32、d C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 16. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their C. wrote some compositions of his or her B. to write composition about the D. had written any compositions for his 17. He speaks Ch
33、inese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 19. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. d
34、o B. don t C. didnt D. didnt do 20. It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm 21. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology A. will not have been achieved C. would not have been achieved B. have not been a
35、chieved D. had not been achieved 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 23. It is time that the government _measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. t
36、aking 24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _ all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D
37、. had come 26. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 27. I had hoped that John _ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 28. Its high time they_ this road. A.
38、mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend 29. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 30. He s working hard for fear that he_ . A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 31. In the past men ge
39、nerally preferred that their wives_ in the home. A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 33. Your advice that_ till next
40、 week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing 35. I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible. A. should send to B. should be sent C. be went t
41、o D. must be sent to 36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent. A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise 37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 38. My suggestion is that she _ more exercise, wh
42、ich will do a lot of good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took 39. If only I _ driving before. A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn 40. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. 名师归纳总结 A. If, didn t leave B. Had not, left C. Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave 第 6 页,
43、共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案1 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB 21 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC 高考虚拟语气：1. - If he _, he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned would not take C. would be warned had not taken B. had been warned would not have taken D. would have been warn