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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语短文改错解题技巧1. 解题步骤 1 浏览全文,把握大意 2 分句阅读,逐行找错 3 由易到难 , 各个击破 4 检查核对,留意方法 详解:详细解题步骤:做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤:通读文章, 明白大意; 逐句分析, 行中找错; 再读短文,检查漏洞;即依据文章句子行文章的次序;第一步:通读全文,明白大意;短文改错是考查考生在懂得的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错才能, 必需从全篇考虑,而不能只顾一句或一行;要懂得文章的谋篇布局,弄清晰整篇 文章的意思;在阅读过程中,要留意行文规律、文章的时态以及人称等;其次步: 逐句分析
2、,行中找错;尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的,但语言究竟是以句子为 完整意义单位的;所以,可以逐句分析,看看单句是否有错;假如有错,有几处错误,是什 么错误,再看看错误在哪一行;把“ 短文改错” 转化为“ 单句改错” ,然后再在行中找错,这样就会降低难度;第三步:再读短文,检查漏洞;做完以后,再把文章阅读一遍,检查是否有遗漏情形, 特别留意上下句之间的规律关系;方理顺;2. 错误形式与改法 1 改词 2 添词 3 去掉 4 正确详解:1 改词( 67 个):在文中该词下面划横线 _ ;在题号后横线上写出要改的词;多读一遍, 就有可能把某些不清晰的地名师归纳总结 2 添词( 12 个):在文中标上添
3、词符号();在题号后横线上写出要添的词;第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3 去掉( 1 2 个):在文中用斜线 划掉该词;在题号后写上要划掉的词,并也用斜线划掉;3. 解题思路综观近十年的高考短文改错题,不难看出常见的改错十大思路是:一样关系、连接手段、平行结构、非谓语动词形式、删除冗言、冠词使用,名词数与格,词语搭配,词性辨论,行文规律等;现结合近几年的高考试题对这十大思路分析如下:详解:一、一样关系短文改错中所涉及到的一样关系包括主谓一样、时态一样和代词指代一样;谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子的主语在人称
4、和数上保持一样,动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一样, 代词所指的内容与其先行词在词性和数方面以及与其自身的指代,要在意义上保持一样;二、连接手段连接不当会造成上下文不连接;英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词;或如并列句,要判定句与句之间是并列、转折、挑选、递进关系,仍是让步关系;从而挑选恰当的连词,如为复合句,第一应判定内含何种从句,然后依据主、从句之间的关系判定连接词的使用是否正确,是否有遗漏或余外现象,要留意句子结构的完整性;三、平行结构平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相像或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构,在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与
5、动词并列,形容词与形容词并列,不定式与不定式并列,短语与短语并列;平行结构常使用等立连词 and,but, or或连词词组 not only but also ,not. but, either or ,neither nor ,as well as等;四、非谓语动词形式主要考查不定式符号to 的余外或遗漏,to 是介词仍是不定式符号,现在分词与过去分词、动名词等;五、删除冗言造成冗言错误的缘由主要由于汉英表达上的差异;对英语惯用语在使用上的微小差异,主要考程度副词和频度副词;如:much more, often等的余外,介词的余外,语义的重复,固定搭配中余外的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某
6、些词语等;六、冠词的使用名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载冠词是英语中特有的词,由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词,大家对它的用法感到难以把握,高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有,但多数是考查其基本用法,如不行数名词泛指时前面多冠词;单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词 a,an 与定冠词 the 的错误使用; 固定搭配中冠词的误用等等;七、名词的数与格汉语中的名词没有单复数形式;英语就不同, 假如英语的名词是可数名词,它有单复数形式;一般来讲,不行数名词没有复数式;八、词语搭配这主要考查介词与动词,名
7、词、 形容词的固定搭配,副词与动词的固定搭配,及物动词后面介词或副词的余外以及不及物动词后面缺少介词,英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等;九、词性辨论依据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系,判定词的正确使用形式,依据词在句子中不同的句法功能,使用与之相适应的词性;十、行文规律这主要测试行文中not 的有无; come 与 leave 的误用 ;before与 after的混用;详解:(1)词法内容;包括名词、代词的数与格,反身代词,动词时态语态,非谓语动词、短语动词的用法, 不规章动词的变化形式,形容词的比较级, 形容词副词的区分,介词的误用等;(2)句法内容;包括主谓一样、指代一样,并列
8、连词,从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语,感叹句,疑问句,祈使句的结构等;(3)行文规律;包括句子的确定、否定、推理判定等;5. 考点设置之名词命题特点 : 原来用复数 , 却用单数 . 改正方法 :1 依据名词前的修饰限定成份 ; 2 依据上下文的规律关系 . 详解:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载(schoolmate改为1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.schoolmates )2. After class
9、we become stranger at once.( stranger 改为 strangers)3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.(subject 改为 subjects )4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(picture 改为 pictures)5. There are advantage for students
10、to work while studying at school.( advantage改为 advantages )6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.(ideas 改为 idea )7. I looked at his other hands. (hands 改为 hand)6. 考点设置之代词命题特点:1. 女性代词指代男性或相反;2. 单数指代复数;3. 代词词性误用;改正方法:联系上下文的规律关系;代词的错误特点:1. 人称代词的偷换错误 2. 缺少人称代词的错误 3. 人称代词数的一样问题 4. 人称代词格的
11、一样问题 详解:名师归纳总结 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.his改为 their 第 4 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I have a good friend who学习必备欢迎下载s 改为 whose s name is Liu Mei. whoIt was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them 改为 us
12、)Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English .(me改为 myself )One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .Some students may also save up for our college or future use .I took it in me and we walked. (me改为 mine)7. 考点设置之介词(showed 后加 it )
13、(our 改为 their )命题特点及改正方法:介词涉及搭配错误,因此可从以下方面确定错误:等;1)介词的基本用法; 2)习惯搭配; 3)动词词类确定错误,如talk, serve, wait介词的错误:介词短语经常考,固定搭配要记牢;介词后边跟宾语,结合语境细推敲;详解:We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉 about )I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去 掉 at )The main pr
14、oblem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate 名师归纳总结 anything into English.(去掉 was 后的 in )第 5 页,共 10 页Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.(with 改为 about )I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with 改为 for )He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (glas
15、s 后加 in )- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载(each 后加 of )Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. 8. 考点设置之时态命题特点及改正方法:现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语;每年都考;要留意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态;又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多;详解:通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时;其中They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my
16、 time to my studies so that-( did 改为 do)The time passes quickly. Evening came.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(passes 改为 passed )(reads 改为 read )I don t know that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.(talked 改为 talk )I will write again
17、 and send you the photos we take together.(take 改为 took )We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.(have 改为 had)9.andbutor 误用及前后不一样命题特点:主要考查and、or 、but 、so 等并列连词的误用;However 与 although/though不能同时显现改正方法; 1)依据句意确定误;2)依据句子的规律关系确定错误;详解: She is smiling at me but nodding at me.(but 改为
18、 and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and 改为 or )名师归纳总结 The food was expensive and the service was good.(and 改为 but )第 6 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the
19、 light.(but 改为 and)(visiting改为 visited)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 10. 考点设置之从句连词(reads 改为 read )命题特点及改正方法:句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等;解答这类题从以下方面来摸索:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等;平行结构常使用等立连词and,but, or或连词词组not only bu
20、t also , eitheror ,neither nor 遵循就近原就;主语 +With,together with,as well as,besides,动词与主语一样and,but,or,also 前后动词时态不一样; 具有对称性)详解:It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(noon 后加 when)I don t know that they dont like to talk with me.(that改为 why)The main problem was in that I always thought
21、 in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.(去掉 that 前的 in )What things are in other homes, I wonder.(What 改为 How)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.(去 掉 if )They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.(去掉 t
22、hat )11. 考点设置之冠词命题特点及改正方法:英语中冠词只有三个,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a 和an 互改; 2)不定冠词a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改; 3)依据需要增删冠词;详解: As everyone knows, it (famous 前加 a)s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 名师归纳总结 We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-(a 改为 the )第 7 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 -
23、 - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.(a 改为 the )I hope youve had pleasant journey home (had 后加 a)12. 考点设置之形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等;1)依据adj. 或 adv. 的基本用法确定错误;2)修饰连系动词或名词用形容词;3)修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词;详解: I would describe myself a
24、s shy and quietly.(quietly 改为 quiet )There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.(person 改为 personal )Finding information on the Net is easily.(easily 改为 easy )So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.(as 改为 than
25、)My pronunciation was terribly .(terribly 改为 terrible)They came back lately and had some tea.(lately 改为 late )13. 考点设置之非谓语动词命题特点改正方法:1)谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用;2)动词不定式和动名词的错用;3)现在分词和过去分词的错用等;详解: Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. (allow改为 allows )My parents will do all they
26、 can make sure that I get a good education.( make前加 to )Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.(talk 改为 talking)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting 改为 visited)Some students may also to save up for our college or fut
27、ure use.(去掉 to )14. 短文改错口诀动词 形, 名词 数,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载仍要留意 形和副 ;非谓语 ,细辨别,习惯用法 要记住;句子成分多分析,规律错误 须关注;冠词连词 常光顾详解:一、动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一样的错误;动词形常见错误:1) 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用;2)第三人称单数形式错用;第三人称单数:Is/was 2) and ,but,or,also 前后动词时态不一样; 具有对称性)4) 主谓不一样;5) 缺
28、少谓语动词 1. 主谓宾结构缺少 be 动词 2、主系表结构(am/is/are/was/were)6) 主动语态与被动语态错用 wash-is washed 7)Used to 的运用错误二、名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误;常表现为将名词复数写成单数;改正方法:)依据名词前的修饰限定成份)依据上下文的规律关系三、仍要留意形和副: 留意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和详细用法;这也是高考短文改错题的常考点;命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等;依据 adj 或 adv 的基本用法确定错误;修饰系动词 am/is/are/was/were 或名词用形容词;修饰
29、行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词;四、非谓语,细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一;主要有现在分词、过去分词,动名词和不定式错误;1)不定式 to do2 )动名词 doing 作主语、宾语3)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一样(特别距离较远时) 4 )现在分词和过去分词的区分等名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载五、习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础学问,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误;六、句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要挑选不同的词语;只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误;七、规律错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一样,甚至相冲突,属于规律性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴;八、冠词连词常光顾:常考的错误形式有:冠词的用法错误等;四不改 : 标点符号不改;大小写不改;连词 but , and , or 和 so 的用法错误,以及词序错误不改(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改 ;在纲外生词不改;文中显现带汉语注释的词,在句中不行能用错名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页