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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载语法和词汇学问之动词的时态和语态【专题考点】在详细语境中考查时态和语态,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐匿,加大试题难度是高考时态命题的趋势,考点如下：1 考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时等常见时态2 考查时态和语态相结合3 考查主动形式表示被动意义【典例探究】1（2022 山东卷 T30）Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A.
2、would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved 【解析】选 D；句意为：截止到现在,这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的原来会死去的孩子的生命；句中的 up to now 是现在完成时态的一个典型标志,此句要用现在完成时,由此排除其他挑选项,正确答案为 D 项； would save 过去将来时； saves 一般现在时； had saved 过去完成时,均不符合句意要求；【学问拓展】时态考查题中的标志词或短语在解题中的作用：在很多时态类考查题目中,找到解题的题眼就把握明白题的金钥匙,所谓时间的副词及介词短语；“题眼 ” 即指一些与特定时态连用的一些表示（1
3、）与一般过去常常用的短语：yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 1980 等,这些结构常常提示大家,这些句子中的谓语动作发生在过去,而与现在没有关系,如：He lost a pen yesterday. 单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道；（2）某些副词或介词短语提示就说明其所在的句子要用现在完成时,in the past few days 等,如：如 since, ever since, so far, up to now, recently, lately, Ever since the first space flight made by
4、Apollo 11 to the moon, the human beings have many more space explorations in the past 4 decades. 2（2022 江苏卷 T23）Why, Jack, you look so tired. Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 【解析】选 D；句意： 咦,杰克,你看起来这么累！哦,
5、我始终在粉刷房子,我必需明天完成这项工作；依据名师归纳总结 第 1 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载语境可知 “ 粉刷房子 ”这个动作始终进行到现在,并且仍要连续进行下去；所以应用现在完成进行时,挑选 D 项；3 2022 全国卷 II T9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C.has worn D.have worn 【解析】选 B；此题考查定语从句中的时态
6、与主谓一样,所以要留意定语从句中的主语即关系代词 who 指代的是谁；此处 who 指代的是 the only 而不是 the women ,故谓语要用单数形式；当遇到定语从句修饰的部分有 theonly one of + 复数名词时,定语从句修饰的是 theonly one；这样第一排除 A、 D 两项；又依据语境可知此处指 Barbara 目前穿着一件晚礼服,没有强调动作的完成,故又排除C 项；句意：很简单认出芭芭拉,由于她是穿着晚礼服的唯独的女士；4（2022 江西卷 T 30）. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _sinc
7、e her marriage to Father. A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering 【解析】选 D；句意：母亲想成为一个好的养家者,一个自从和父亲结婚以来始终扮演的角色,依据句中的时间状语since 可知应用现在完成时,应选 D 项；5（2022 重庆卷 24）.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came
8、D. comes 【解析】选 C；句意：自从这本书在 1973 年在市场销售以来,已被翻译成 30 种语言了；题干中的 since 自从 以来,引导时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时,所以选 C 项；【学问拓展】 since 的用法1 since 介词 ,副词或连词自以来 ,自以后 ;由它引导的时间状语代表一个时间段,主句用现在完成时. He has lived in Beijing since liberation. 自从解放以来他始终住在北京She has been teaching Einglish since she graduated
9、.她毕业后始终在教英语 . They went to Shanghai two years ago and we have not seen them since. 两年前 ,他们去了上海 ,自此我们再也没见过 . 2It is/has been + 一段时间 +since 从句 从句用过去时 . It was/had been + 一段时间 +since 从句 从句用过去完成时 . It was three years since he had served in the army. 他入伍 3 年了 . It is twenty years since he joined the part
10、y. 他入党 20 年了名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载3since 既然 由于 .引出缘由状语从句 . Since you have signed an agreement,you cant out of it now.既然签了协议 ,你现在就不能反悔 . 【跟踪演练】1（2022 江西赣州十一县市高三上期中联考）That pudding was the most delicious dessert we _ Ahave had B had never had Cwould Dhad eve
11、r had 2 （2022 辽宁抚顺六校联合体高三一模）-It s many years since I saw you last, I _ you at all.-I wouldnt have, either, if someone _ you by the name. Adidn t recognize; hadn Bdidn t recognize; didnt callChaven t recognized; didn Dcan t call t recognize; had called3（2022 山东枣庄高三第一次质检）Tom is absent this week. Do yo
12、u know what _ to him. A. has happened B. was happening C. will happen D. had happened 4（2022 河北省唐山一中二模）17. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 5（2022 河南省开封市二模）27Sales of CDs have gre
13、atly increased since the early 1990s, when people to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. Abegin Bbegan 28I had wanted to help you last night but I couldnt spare any timeC have begun Dhad begun 6（2022 黑龙江省哈三中等四校二模）for Ian essay that is due this morning Awrote B had written Cwas writing Dhave
14、 written 7（2022 黑龙江省哈三中等四校二模）33It was the first time that Mikethe piano at the concert hall and he hoped that his nervousness would go Aplayed；unnoticed Bhad played；unnoticed 第 3 页,共 17 页Cplayed；unnoticing Dhad played； unnoticing 8（2022 吉林省试验中学二模）10. He was proud and was not used _ to like that. A.
15、to be spoken B. to being spoken C. being spoken D. to speaking 9（2022江苏省南通市二模拟）28.Where have you been all day. I _ some former classmates and I couldnt get back until it was dark.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. have met B. met 学习好资料欢迎下载d better put on a few pounds.C. would meet D. ha
16、d met 30. Now the weight. Only 115. You10（2022江苏省南通市二模拟）Well, actually, I _ like a horse. A. ate B. was eating C. have been eating D. will eat 11（2022 江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）24Last Monday,while the studentson the playground watching the national flag being raised,something unexpected Awere standing ；arose Bst
17、ood；was arising C had stood；had arisen Dwould stand ；would arise 12. It _hard now, otherwise we could have a barbecue on the beach. A. rained B. is raining t notice his mother enter the rooC. rains D. would rain 13. All his attent ion _on the computer game he was playing, so he even didnA. has been
18、fixed B. was fixing C. was fixed D. fixed 14. None of them _the thin girl could keep her end up and come out first in the international marathon. A. have predicted B. would predict s phone _with people calling i n hopes of making the C. were predicted D. had predicted 15. Ever since Dolly, the sheep
19、 was cloned in 1997, Westhusincopies of their pets. A. has rung B. rang C. was ringing D. has been ringing 16. Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me. I _my ID card. But where did you lose it. A. have lost B. lost C. had lost D. lose 17. Since the beginning of the vacation, I _across the country, an
20、d my next stop is the WuyiMountain. A. had travelled B. will travel C. have been travelling D. was travelling 18. Luckily, the loss _great; otherwise, our company would have closed down. 名师归纳总结 A. isnt B. hadn t been第 4 页,共 17 页C. hasn t been D. wasn t19. I m goi ng to attend your lecture at 9:30 to
21、morrow morning. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载I regret to tell you that when you arrive it will have ended and I _questions with my students. A. would discuss B. will discuss C. will be discussing D. am discussing 20. Good news. Maybe I _a job soon. I had an interview at an enginee
22、ring firm yesterday. A. have been offered B. would be offered C. will be offered D. is offered 21. Why didn t you buy any bread while doing shopping yesterday evening. Sorry,_ . A. I forget B. I forgot C. I had forgotten D. I have forgotten 22. Whats your opinion about my suggestion.Sorry, I_. Would
23、 you please say it again. A. hadn t listened B. wouldnt listenC. wasn t listening D. didnt listen23. Although many measures_, the worlds economy is still going down. A. were taken B. have been taken C. will be taken D. are taken 24. His father, a famous university professor, who is said to have star
24、ted his teaching career in Australia, _in NanjingUniversity for more than twenty years. A. has worked B. worked C. is working D. will work 25. We should get together next week. Sounds like a plan. I _you a call. A. will give B. would give C. have given D. give 26. I m sorry, my mind_. What_ you_. Yo
25、u are always absent-minded in class. A. are wandering; do; say B. wandered; had; said C. wandered; did; say D. was wandering; did; say 27. This Monday morning I was informed I _as one of three exchange students from our college. 名师归纳总结 A. had been choosing B. was chosen 第 5 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习
26、资料 - - - - - - - - - C. had been chosen 学习好资料欢迎下载D. was choosing 28. The pianist planned to give a concert on March 8 but the date _because of his illness. A. was postponing B. was postponed clock. C. had been postponed D. was being postponed 29. If I hadnt been caught in the heavy rain, I could hav
27、e been back by 7 oWhat a pity. Stella _here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 30. Since being published on March 13, the book _a bestseller in many Chinese bookstores. A. has become B. became C. is becoming D. was becoming 31. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _to u
28、se botanical fuel as a source of power. A. have made B. having made C. are being made D. will be making 32. Another cup of coffee. Thats your third since lunch. Yeah, well, I _all night preparing for my history exam. I can hardly keep my eyes open. A. stayed up B. have stayed up C. have been staying
29、 up D. will stay up 33. We won t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people_. A. were coming B. are coming C. have been coming D. had come 34. Please stop to have a rest. You _the washing machine the whole morning. A. have repaired B. were repairing C. have been repaired D. have been
30、repairing 35. Mom, you should have taken me to the park this morning. I had planned to, but I couldnt afford the time. I _a lecture. A. had given B. gave C. was giving D. would give 36. Gina has a sweet tooth and loves meat more than anything else. No wonder she _weight so fast. A. gains B. gained C
31、. had gained D. is gaining 37. Where can we get your new science fiction. 名师归纳总结 I m sorry, it _and will come out next week. 第 6 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. has been printed 学习好资料欢迎下载B. will be printed C. is printed D. is being printed 38. Has the football match just started. Ju
32、st started. It must be clear who _by now. A. is winning B. wins C. has won D. would win 39. Let s discuss the question raised last night, shall we.There is no hurry for that. I _for a conference. A. headed B. was heading C. am heading D. have headed 40. John and Lucia got married last week. Did you
33、go to their wedding. No, I _a lecture in another city. A. gave B. have given C. had given D. was giving 答案1 D 2 A3 A4 A 5 B6 C 7B 8B 9B10 C 11A12.【解析】选B；考查动词时态；由时间状语now 可知 , 该句应为现在进行时；解题时留意, 不要受后面虚拟语气句中时态的干扰；13.【解析】选 C；考查动词的时态、语态；句意为：他的全部精力都集中在玩电脑嬉戏上了；因此甚至没有留意到母亲走进房间；fix one s attention on 表示 “集中精力在
34、 上” , attention是动词 fix 的宾语 , 所以 attention 与 fix 之间是被动关系；14.【解析】选 D；考查动词的时态；句意为：没有人料到这个瘦瘦的女孩会坚持到最终并成为国际马拉松竞赛的第一名；人们的预料发生在竞赛终止之前, 所以用过去完成时表示过去的过去；15.【解析】选D；考查动词的时态；由该句的时间状语“Ever since Dolly. . . in 1997 判定 , 应用完成时 , 但 ring 是瞬间动词 , 不能与 “ ever since+过去时间的时间状语” 连用 , 故用现在完成进行时；16.【解析】选 A；考查时态；一般过去时和现在完成时均
35、可表示事情已经发生 , 但一般过去时强调动作本身 , 而现在完成时强调该动作的结果和影响；第一个人说自己的 ID card 丢了想寻求帮忙 , 所以应用现在完成时；17.【解析】选 C；考查动词的时态；该题的时间状语为 since+过去的时间点 , 结合后面的 “my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain ”可以看出这里应当用现在完成进行时 , 表示从过去开头的动作始终连续到现在 , 并可能连续下去；18.【解析】选 D；考查动词的时态；由句意可知造成缺失应发生在过去 , 后句的虚拟语气可作为估计的依据；19.【解析】选 C；考查时态；由句意可知 discuss que
36、stions 是在明天上午 9：30 正在进行；因此使用将来进行时；20.【解析】选 C；考查时态和语态；由句中的 soon 可知 , 这里表示将来发生的动作 , 应用一般将来时 , offer 与 I 之间是动宾关系 , 故应用被动语态；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载21.【解析】选 B；考查动词的时态；依据语境判定“ 遗忘 ”这一动作发生在过去而非现在 , 故用一般过去时；22.【解析】选 C；考查时态； 从此题的语境来看 , 说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议 , 因此 , 使用过去进行时表
37、示“ 听”的动作刚才没有在发生；23.【解析】选 B；考查动词的时态与语态；表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 , 所以用现在完成时 , take 与 measures之间构成动宾关系 , 所以要用被动语态；24.【解析】选 B；考查动词的时态；由题干中的定语从句可知这位教授现在在澳大利亚执教 ; 主句描述的是过去的一段经受 , 故此处应用一般过去时 , 留意不能由于句中的时间状语 for more than twenty years 而误选现在完成时；25.【解析】选 A；考查动词的时态；对方提出应当在下周聚一聚 , 说话人认为这是一个不错的方案 , 到时候（ next week）会给对方打电
38、话联系；26.【解析】选D；考查时态；句意为：愧疚 , 我走神了；你说的什么？你上课总是心不在焉；依据对话内容可知选 D；27.【解析】选C；考查时态和语态；choose 的动作发生在过去的过去, 应用过去完成时；此处又表示被动, 故用过去完成时的被动语态；28.【解析】选B；考查时态和语态；日期被推迟, 所以用被动 ;这里表示的是对过去动作的一般性陈述, 应用一般过去时；29.【解析】选 B；考查时态；第一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 , 因此其次句应当用一般过去时；30.【解析】选 A；考查动词的时态；从 since 可知应当用现在完成时态；句意：自 3 月 13 日出版以来 , 这本书在
39、很多中文书店都成了畅销书；31.【解析】选 C；考查时态和语态；句意为：由于俄罗斯限制向欧洲出口自然气 , 他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为一种新的能源；此处的 make 和 attempts 之间是动宾关系 , 故用被动语态；32.【解析】选 A；考查动词的时态；从语意“我熬了整整一夜预备历史考试 , 现在眼睛都睁不开了；” 可知 , stay up的动作发生在过去 , 时态应当用一般过去时 , 故应当选 A 项；33.【解析】选 B；考查时态；句意：直到我们肯定有多少人要来 , 我们才知道需要买多少食物；这里 are coming表示将来 , 故 B 项正确；34.【解析】选 D；考查时态；句
40、意为：请停下来歇会吧；这台洗衣机你已经修了整整一上午了；此题说话者表示：从早晨到现在始终修理洗衣机 , 并强调此刻仍在修理 , 故用现在完成进行时；35.【解析】选 C；考查动词时态；表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作用过去进行时；应选项 C正确；36.【解析】选 D；考查动词的时态；吉娜喜爱甜食而且热爱吃肉；难怪她的体重增加这么快；她的体重增加是目前正在连续发生的动作 , 因此用现在进行时； （it is）no wonder that 表示 “难怪 ; 不足为奇 ” ；37.【解析】选 D；考查时态和语态；依据后面的 will come out next week 可知 , 应当挑选 D 项,
41、用现在进行时的被动语态表示（小说）正在（被）印刷中；38.【解析】选A；考查动词时态；依据对话内容可知应当挑选A 项；此题的现在进行时表示将来时态, 即到这时候为止 , 肯定已经很清晰谁要赢了；其他选项不合题意；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载39.【解析】选 C；考查时态；句意为：我们争论一下昨晚提出的问题 , 好吗？ 不必这么匆忙 , 我要去开会；依据语境可知 C 项正确 , 此处用现在进行时表示将来；40.【解析】选 D；考查时态； 由语境可知在上周 , 他们举办婚礼时 , “我 ”正在
42、另一个城市讲学 , 因此用过去进行时 , 表示在过去某段时间正在进行的动作；【真题在线】1.（ 2022 全国卷 I T32）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载t say “Whats A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 2.2022辽宁卷 T24）Joseph _to ev
43、ening classes since last month, but he still canAhas been going Bwent Cgoes Dhas gone ve been too busy to do it.3.（ 2022 辽宁卷 T30）.I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently IAwill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done 4.（ 2022 陕西卷 T 21）I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough 5.（ 2022 上海卷 T 28）. Every few years, the coal workers A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. 6.（ 2022 上海卷 T 31）The church tower whichwill be