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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语连词（并列句和状语从句）用法归纳一、概述： 连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分；连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词；并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如 and, but, or, for 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等 和状语从句 时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等 ,引出名词性从句的连词如 that, whether 等,引出状语从句的连词如 when, because, since, if 等；二、并列连词的用法一、表示转折关系的并列连词
2、；主要有but但是 , yet可是 , while 而,却 等；but 的用法1. 连接词或短语 It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一每天气晴朗,却不太温和；2. 连接句子 Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人刚要开头讲话,珍妮先讲了；3. 用于句首 But what else can we do. 我们仍能做什么 . 4. 用于赔礼的表达之后 Sorry, but were behind schedule. 愧疚,我们落在方案后了；5. 用于 not but ,表示
3、“ 不是 而是 ” Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错；（就近原就）6. 用在某些否定语后,表示“ 只 ,除了 ” ：I could do nothing but wait. / I had no choice but to wait. 7. 用于 next last but one 中,表示“ 隔壁再过去” “ 倒数第 ”He lives in the next house but one.他住在隔壁再过去一家；He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数其次个到的；8. cant help but 不由得不 You
4、can t help but respect them. 你不由得不敬重他们；【留意】 不要按汉语意思将“ 虽然 但是 ” 直译为 although but ：误： Though we are poor, but we are happy. 去掉 though 或 but 中任一个 9.but 与 however 的用法区分 两者均可表示转折或对比,意为“ 但是” 、“ 可是” 、“ 然而” 等,但有区分：1. 表示转折时, but 是连词；如： He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜爱运动,而他妻子就喜爱音乐；2. however 表示“
5、然而” 、“ 可是” 时,有的词书认为它是连词,有的词书认为它是副词；之所以将其视为副词,也许是由于像很多副词一样不仅能位于句首,而且能位于句中留意前后使用逗号,甚至句末留意其前也用逗号；如：Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来转变了想法；He hasn arrived. He may, however, come later. / He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 留意：以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写；如： He said that it
6、was so, but he was mistaken. 3. 当连接两个句子时,其前通常应用分号,或另起新句；如：It raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / It raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 留意： 上例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写 留意所用标点的变化 ；如：It raining hard, but I think we should go out.yet 的用法1、yet 用作连词时,与 but 一样也主要用于转折,“ 但是
7、” “ 而”： I have failed, yet I shall try again. 2、有时用在句首；如： Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里显得很轻盈；3、yet 有时可与并列连词 and 或 but 连用,构成习语 and yet 和 but yet,意为“ 虽然如此” “ 可是” “ 然而” ,与单独使用的 yet 意思相同 ；如：Hes not really nice-looking, and yet he has enormous charm. 他并不非常好看,可是他很有魅力；Shes a funny girl, but yet you can
8、t help liking her. 她是一个古怪的姑娘,但你禁不住会喜爱她；名师归纳总结 第 1 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4、依据习惯, although不能与连词but 搭配使用,但是although可以与 yet 搭配连用（此时的yet 可视为副词）Although we are poor, yet we are happy. / Although we ve made some progress, yet we have a long way to go.while 的用法1、考查表示时间的用法,其意为“ 当 的时候
9、” ；如：1. while 可用来引导时间状语,意为“ 当 的时候” ；引导的动作必需是连续性的,如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working./ She hates anyone listening while she is telephoning. 2 趁 的情形赶忙做 , 否就来不及了 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁；2、考查表示让步的用法,其意为“ 尽管 ” “虽然 ” ；如：While the work was difficult, it was interestin
10、g. 3、考查表示对比的用法,其意为“ 而 ” “但” ；如： Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 留意 ：这样用时, while 引出的句子通常位于末,但有时也可位于句首；如：While most children learn to read easily, some need extra help. 大多数儿童学阅读很简单,有些儿童却需要特殊帮忙；4、考查其省略用法,即主句与从句主语相同,且从句谓语动词含有动词 be 时,通常可省略从句主语和动词 be；如：While he was in pris
11、on, she wrote her first novel. He fell asleep while he was doing his homework. 二 、表挑选的并列连词主要or 或者,仍是,否就, either or 不是 就是, neither or 既不 也不, otherwise 要不然 等；注： neither nor 连接两个句子,留意用倒装语序；or 的用法归纳1、表示挑选,意为“ 或” “仍是 ”：Is the radio off or on. Would you prefer tea or coffee. 2、表示一种否定的条件,意为“ 否就 ”： Come on,
12、 or well be late. Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 3、可表示 “ 要不就是 ”： He must be joking, or else hes mad. The book must be here, or else you ve lost it. 4、用于否定句中代替 and； He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪慧,也长得不好看；比较： They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞；They didnt sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞；5、用于习语
13、The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了；They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由 1700 个或更多部族构成；There just one or two details I want to make sure about. 仍有一两个细节我想弄清晰；Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去； 三. 表示因果关系的并列连词 主要有 for由于 , so因此 等；留意： for 表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用；fo
14、r 的用法归纳1、for 用作连词,主要表示理由,用于引起的分句对前面的话进行说明,常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开；如：She was angry, for she didn know French. He must be out, for there is no light in the room. 2、for 表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用；3.for 表示缘由时的四个“ 不能”1）for 引导的从句不能位于它所说明的动词之前：Because it was wet he took a taxi.（这里不能用 for ）2）for 引导的从句不能位于 not, but 或任何连词之后：
15、He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing. （这里不能用 for ）3）for 引导的从句不能用于回答疑题：Why did you do it. I did it because l was angry.（这里不能用 for） 4 ）for 引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话,而必需包括新的内容：名师归纳总结 He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French.（这里不能用for ）第 2 页,共 12 页- -
16、 - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 但是说： She was angry, for she didn t know French. （这里用 for 是正确的,也可用because）留意 ：之所以有这些用法上的限定,其理由是 供应一些起帮忙说明作用的附加说明；例如：for 引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的缘由,而只能 The days were short, for it was now December. 留意 ：在口语中, for 从句前常稍停一下；在笔语中,在此处常有一个逗号；有时也用一个句号断开,如最终一个例子所示；上面三个例句中也可用 bec
17、ause, 但用 for 更好些；so的用法归纳1、so 用作连词,主要用于表结果,意为“ 所以 ”：It very cold, so wear a heavy coat. 2、有时可与并列连词 and 连用,构成习语 and so相当 so：He told me to do it and so I did it. 3、不要按汉语意思将“ 由于 所以 ” 直译为 because so：误： Because he was ill, so he couldnt come.去掉 because或 so 中任意一个 四 、表示并列关系的并列连词 主要 and , or , either or, nei
18、ther nor , not only but also , both and , as well as ,when=and just at this time 就在这时 等and 用法归纳1. 基本义为 “ 和” “又 ” “而且 ” 等,但它有时仍可表示对比或转折,相当于汉语的“ 而” “但” “却” ；如：Shes a bank manager and I m just a road-sweeper. I ve read Tony s book and I dont understand it. 2. 有时用于连接两个相同的词语,主要有以下用法：1 连接两个相同的比较级,表示“ 越来越
19、” ；如： The weather is getting colder and colder. Computers are becoming more and more complicated. 运算机变得越来越复杂；2 连接两个相同的动词,表动作的反复或连续；He coughed and coughed. He tried and tried but without success. 3 连接两个相同的副词,也表示动作的反复或连续；如：4 连接两个相同的名词,有以下两种主要用法：表示 “ 很多 ”；如： They talked for hours and hours. He kept moa
20、ning on and on. 他呻吟不已；The road went on for miles and miles. 强调差别,意为“与 不同 ” ；如： Dont worry there are rules and rules. 别担忧 规章跟规章不一样；I like city life but there are cities and cities. 我喜爱城市生活,但城市之间也有差别；3. 在 come和 go 以动词原形显现时,其后习惯上不跟不定式表示目的,而是用“and+动词原形 ” 表示目的 ；如：I must go and help my mother. Go and buy
21、yourself a new pair of shoes. 留意 ：但是,假如 go 和 come 不是以动词原形显现,而是以过去式、过去分词、现在分词、动名词等方式显现,就其后应不定式表示目的；如：I ve come to collect my book. I m thinking of going to look for mushrooms. 另外, 在 come, go 之后的 and 有时可以省略（特殊在美国英语中）；如：I ll come and see you later. 4. 用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“ 那么 ” （示意一种条件）；如：Work hard and you l
22、l pass the examinations =If you work hard, you ll pass the examinations 努力吧,你考试会及格的Arrive late once more and you re fired =If you arrive late once more, you re fired. 再迟到一次,就把你开除；有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果；如：One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步,我就要开枪了；5. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示 “ 很” “挺” ；如： I wont go unti
23、l I m good and ready. 名师归纳总结 第 3 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. 在主从复合句中,不要在主句前误加 and；如：使用两个镜子能观察自己的头的后部；误： If you use mirrors, and you can see the back of your head.正： If you use mirrors, you can see the back of your head.7. 某些用and 连接的两个词,与汉语次序相反,不要按汉语词序颠倒过来；如：right and left 左右rich
24、 and poor 贫富land and water 水陆north and south 南北food and drink 饮食food and clothing 衣食8. 比较以下各组句子有无连词and 的差别 ：The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.In the classroom there are five pe
25、ople, and the teacher was included.He has two children, both of whom are naughty.三、从属连词的用法 一 引导时间状语从句的从属连词He has two children, and both of them are naughty.1、表示 “当 时候 ”或“每当 ”的时间连词 ；主要when, while见上面 , as, whenever（无论什么时候）；when的用法归纳 1. when 可用来引导时间状语从句,意为“ 当 的时候” 从句的谓语动词可以是连续的,也可以是短暂的；如：When the film
26、ended, they went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. When 常用于以下句式：意为“ 就在那时 ,这时”；如：was doing something when was about to do whenwas on the point of doing sth. whenhad done when3. when 可以表“ 既然”,如：How can I help them to understand when they won t listen to me. as 的用法归纳
27、1、表示相伴,意为“ 随着 ” ；如： As time passed, things seemed to get worse.如其后不接从句,而接名词,就用介词 with 表“ 随着 ” 如： With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 2 、表示让步, 意为 “ 虽然 ” “尽管 ” ,要用于 倒装句 （相当于though,但语气稍弱）；如：1形容词 +as+主语 +系动词： 例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽
28、管他已经很累了,他仍是主动提出帮忙我；2过去分词 +as+主语 +系动词： 例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it. 3名词 +as+主语 +系动词： （a 省略） Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个同学,但却不努力学习；4副词 +as+主语 +谓语部分：例：very 省略 Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 5动词原形 +as
29、+主语 +谓语的剩余部分：例：Try as you will ,you wont be able to persuade him. 3 、表示时间 ,意为 “ 当 时候 ” ；如： He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时,把杯子摔了；留意: as 引导时态状语从句时,其谓语动词通常只能是动作动词,而不能是静态或状态动词；如：她诞生后不久父母双亡,是由姑母抚养大的；误： Her parents died as she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 正： Her parents died
30、when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 4、表示缘由, 引导缘由状语从句时,其谓语动词可以是动作动词,也可以是状态动词；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - As you weren t there I left a message. 由于你不在那里,我留了个信儿；另外,引导缘由状语从句,可用以下这样的倒装语序；如：Tired as she was, I decided not to disturb her. 由于她累了,我就打算不打搅她了；W
31、riting hurriedly as she was, she didn t notice the spelling errors. 由于写得仓促,她没有留意其中的拼写错误；5. as 可用来引导时间状语,意为“一边 一边 ” 如：She sang as she walked home all the way. 一边 一边）6. 连接词 when, while, as 的用法区分 ：1while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必需是可连续的,而when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可连续的,也可以是表短暂性动作的动词；如：When/While he was eating his breakf
32、ast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 不行用 while 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,只能用when 引导这个从句,不行用as或 while ；如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示 “随着 ” ,连词用 as,不用 when 或 while ；如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4假如主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用连续性
33、动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when, while 与 as 可互换使用；如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 2、 表示 “在 之前 或之后 ”的时间连词 主要有 before, after 之后 before 用法归纳1“ 才”eg. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2“ 不到 就”eg. We hadn t run a mile before he fe
34、lt tired. 3“ 趁 ”eg. Please write it down before you forget it. 4“ 仍没来得及 ”eg. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 5 before 从句中谓语不用否定式；E.g.：Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 6 It will be/was段时间 before “ 仍要过多久才 ”It will be/was not一段时间 before “ 不多久就 ”eg.：It will be two y
35、ears before he leaves the country. eg.： It wasn t two years before he left the country. 3 表 “自从 ”或“直到 ”的时间连词 since, until, till；如： Never trouble troubles till trouble troubles you.不要无事惹事；until/till 用法归纳1.until/till 引导时间状语从句用于确定句时,主句的动词是 连续性动词 ,表示动作或状态始终连续到 until/till 所表示的时间,意为 “ 某动作始终连续到某时间点才停止” ；如：
36、 We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非连续性动词,从句为确定,意为“ 某动作直到某时间才开头” ；如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till 不行以置于句首,而 until 可以； 如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4not until 句型中的强调和倒装说法：（强调）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. （倒装） Not until you told me did I h
37、ave any idea of it. since 用法归纳名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. Since 作为介词, 后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是连续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用；例如： He left the village in 1982 and I haven t seen him since then.1982 2. Since 作为介词 ,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是连续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用；例如：He left
38、 the village in 1982 and I haven t seen him since then.1982. 3 since引导缘由状语从句 ,作为连词“ 由于；既然；鉴于” 例如：He didn t come since he was busy. 4. Since引导时间状语从句 , “ 从动作开头的那一时刻起”“ 从动作或状态终止时算起”1“ It is （has been）+时间 +since+连续性动词的过去时” ,表示“ 自从 以来到现在已有多久；”例如：It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次
39、离开伦2 “ It was+时间 +since+连续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“ 从 到过去某时间点以来”,例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年；3、 表示 “一 就”的时间连词； 主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner than, hardly/scarcely when 等；如：I ll let you know as soon
40、 as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你；The moment I have finished I ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话；I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,立刻就来了；Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开头 , 便不行停下来；留意： 1 介词 “on”也表示 “一、就、”,非时间状语从句,而是时间状语；on doing sth : On his arrival / On arriving at the airport, he was a
41、rrested by the police. 2 假如 hardly 或 no sooner 或 scarcely置于句首,句子必需用部分倒装结构；Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 4、 表示 “上次 ”、“下次 ”、 “每次 ”等的时间连词；主要有 every time每次 ,each time每次 ,the next time下次 ,any time 随时 ,the last time 上次 ,the first time第一次 ；如：I ll tell him about it the next time I see him. 我下
42、一次见到他时,我就把这个情形告知他；We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要缺失一些皮肤细胞；You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话；留意： every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词, the next time, the last time 中的冠词可以省略,而 the first time 中的冠词通常不能省略； 二 、 引导条件状语从句的从属连词；这类连词主要有if假如 , unless（=if n
43、ot,”除非 ,假如不 就）as so long as （只要） , as far as （就 而论, eg: as far as I know/ I m concerned就我所知）in case（“ 以防 ,万一 ”, 其它用法见下面）, on condition that 假如 ; providing / provided that ; suppose / supposing that （假设,假如）if only （要是 多好,但愿）注: only if “只有 才 ” 如：. Do you mind if I open the window. 我开窗你不介意吧 Don t come
44、unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否就你别来；As long as youre happy,it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你兴奋,你做什么都没关系；In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨,他们就呆在家里；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 留意： 在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态；不过,有时表示条件的if 之后可能用will ,但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的恳求w
45、ill 为情态动词 ；如：If you will sit down for a few moments, I ll tell the manager you re here. 请稍坐 , 我这就通知经理说您来了；if 与 whether 的用法区分两者在表示 “ 是否 ” 时的用法区分如下：1. 互换的场合：引导宾语从句表示“ 是否” 时 , 两者常可互换；如：He asked if whether we wanted a drink. 注：如是引导条件状语从句,就只能用 if 意为“ 假如”；2. 通常用 if 的场合： 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时,通常用 if 而不用 whether；如：I dont care if it doesn rain. 注：在个别词语 如 wonder, not sure 等 后的从句否定式