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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 冠词和数词【 Articles and Numerals】冠词是虚词,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮忙指明名词的含义；本身不能单独使用,在句中不重读；冠词可以分为定冠词 【the Definite Article 】和 不定冠词 【 the Indefinite Article 】；2.1 不定冠词的用法【Usage of the Indefinite Articles】an 就用于元音音不定冠词aan 与数词 one 同源,是一个的意思；a 用于辅音音素前,而素前；指一类人或事物用法例句A knife is a tool for cutti
2、ng with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 指某人或某事物, 但不详细说明何人、 何物；We work eight hours a day. （指某人或某物,意为a certain ；）I found a small boy crying in the corner. Is there a bank near here. A Mr. Lin is waiting for you. 表示“ 一” 这个数量,但数量的概念没有 I have an apple. one 剧烈；词组或成语固定搭配【Word Phrases and Expressions】：a little,
3、a few, a lot, a type of, a pile, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden 2.2 定冠词的用法【Usage of the Definite Article】定冠词 the 与指示代词 this ,that 同源,有那（这）个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连 用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东
4、西；特指双方都明白的人或物Take the medicine.把药吃了；上文提到过的人或事He bought a house. 他买了幢房子；Ive been to the house.我去过那幢房子；指世上独一无二的事物the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 单数名词连用表示一类事物；the dollar美元 ;The fox 狐狸the 与形容词或分词连用, 表示一类 人【用作复数】the rich 富人 ;the living 生者 ;the poor 穷人 例句： The poor are not always happy. 穷人并不总是幸福；用在序
5、数词和形容词最高级,及形 Where do you live. I live on the second floor.容词 only ,very ,same 等前面 你住在哪？我住在二层；Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 与复数名词连用,指整个群体They are the teachers of this school.指全体老师 表示全部,相当于物主代词,用在They are teachers of this s
6、chool.指部分老师 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂；表示身体部位的名词前用在某些由一般名词构成的国家名 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国称、机关团体、阶级等专出名词前 the United States of America 美利坚合众国用在表示乐器的名词之前 She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴；用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一 the Greens 格林一家人 或格林夫妇 家人或夫妇用在惯用语中【Useful Expressions】：in the day, in the morning aft
7、ernoon, evening,the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky water,field , country, in the dark, in the rain,in the distance, in the middle of, in the end, in the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 2.3 不用冠词的情形【Zero Article】国名 简称 、人名之前in England, Mary他们是老师；泛指的复数名词,
8、表示一类人或事物They are teachers. 时抽象名词表示一般概念时 物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加Failure is the mother of success. Man cannot live without water.冠词（当表示特定的意思时,需要加 Cake is a kind of food. 定冠词）季节、月份、节日、假日、星期等表 示时间的名词之前 表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词三餐、球类运动和消遣运动的名称前当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省 去冠词 当 by 与火车、飞机等名词表示交通We go to school from Monday to Friday.T
9、he guards took the American to General Lee. have breakfast, play chess, play basketball I cant write without pen or pencil.by plane, by train, by ship boat, vessel, by subway, 方式时on foot去医院看病有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school, go to hospitalcollege, prison, market, hospital, 去医院 不是去看病 go to the hospitalbed, table,
10、 class, town, church, in hospital 在住院在医院court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,in the hospital 表示该名词的深层含义序数词不用冠词的情形：名师归纳总结 物主代词在序数词前It is my first time in Beijing. 第 2 页,共 4 页序数词作副词He came first in the race. 在固定词组中at the first, first of all, from first to last- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.4 冠词与形容词 + 名词结构1 两个
11、形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西；2 He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫；The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是她的；如后一个形容词无冠词,就指一物；He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫；3 冠词 + 名词结构,表示某人身兼数职时,只有第一个职位前加冠词She is a musician and singer. 她是作曲家兼歌手；2.5 冠词位置1 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前；留意：位于以下形容词之后：such ,
12、what ,I have never seen such an animal. many ,half Many a man is fit for the job. 当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. how, however, enough 修饰时,不定冠 So short a time. 词应放在形容词之后 Too long a distance. quite ,rather 与单数名词连用, 冠词放 quite a lot 在其后；但当 rather ,quite 前仍有形容词, 不定
13、冠词放其前后均可；在 as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,Brave a man though he is, he trembles at the sight of 当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠 snakes. 词放形容词后 他尽管英勇,可见到蛇仍是颤抖；当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后；2 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,等词之后,名词之前；All the students in the class went out.2.6 数词【 Numeral 】但放在 all ,both ,double ,half ,twice ,threetime
14、s 班里的全部同学都出去了；名师归纳总结 表示数目或次序的词叫数词 ,数词分为 基数词 和序数词 ；表示数目多少的数词叫基数词 ；表第 3 页,共 4 页示次序的数词叫序数词 ；2.6.1 基数词【 Cardinal Number】1 基数词写法和读法：101,345 one hundred and one thousand three hundred and forty five - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 基数词一般是单数形式,但以下情形,常用复数：与 of 短语连用,表示概数scores of people指很多人他们三三两两的到达了；
15、在一些表示一排或一组的词组里hundreds of people 成百上千人thousands of people成千上万人They arrived in twos and threes.表示几十岁表示岁月,用 in + the + 数词复数在乘法运算的一种表示法理 3x5=15 Three fives is are fifteen. 2.6.2 序数词【 Ordinal Number】序数词的缩写形式：first-1st second-2 nd third-3rd thirty-first-31 st读法： 101,345th one hundred and one thousand thr
16、ee hundred and forty fifth 2.6.3 数词的用法1 倍数表示法a. 主语 +谓语 +倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. +as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多；b. 主语 +谓语 +倍数（分数） + the sizeamount,lengt h of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的 49 倍；c. 主语 +谓语 +倍数（分数） +形容词（副词）比较级 +thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加 8% ；d. 仍可以用 by+ 倍数,表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 2 今年粮食产量增加了4 倍；分数表示法构成：分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示；分子大于 数词用复数：1/3 one-third ；3/7 three-sevenths. 1 时,分子用单数,分母序名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页