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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第十五章 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句第一节 真题精析1. I ve never seen anyone run so fast - _ David go. 【浙江卷 -32 】A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 2. English has large vocabulary, hasnt it. Yes, _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read a
2、nd communicate. 【上海卷 -44 】A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 3. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to 【NMET2003】tforget it. Dont call me “ Joe” . I m Mr Parker to you, and you Ado Bdidn tCdid Ddon4._it with me and Ill see what I can do.【 NMET1998】 A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 5. Alice,
3、 you feed the bird today,_ . But I fed it yesterday. 【NMET1999】 D. dont you A. do you B. will you C. didnt you 6. She never tells a lie, _. 1984 A. does she B. doesnt she C. does not she D. isnt it 7. She hardly ever speaks to you in English, _. 1986 A. does she B. doesnt she C. can she D. cant she
4、8. Its a fine day. Let s go fishing, _. 1990 A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we 9. Don t smoke in the meeting room,_.1991 A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you 10. Be sure to write to us, _. 1993 A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 11. -You haven t been to Beijing,have yo
5、u. -_.How I wish to go there. 1998 A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I havent C.No,I have D.No,I havent 12. Susans found her pass, _. 1986, 上海 A. isnt she B. is she C. hasnt she D. was she 13. I dont think youve heard of him before, _. 1990, 上海 A. have you B. havent you C. do I D. dont you 14. He seldom has lunch
6、at school,_. 1991, 上海 A.hasnt he B.has he C.doesnt he D.does he 15. He is expected to make a speech this afternoon, _.1992, 上海 A. is he not B. isnt he C. is not he D. isnt it 16. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _she. 1994, 上海 A. did B. had C. didnt D. hadnt 17. I don t suppose a
7、nyone will volunteer,_. 2001上海 上海 A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they 18. If I knew the answer, I wouldnt be working, _. 1996, A. didnt I B. did I C. would I D. wouldnt I 19. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _.2000名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
8、- - 上海 A.did they B.didnt they C.did it D.didnt it ,春季 20._some of this juice-perhaps Gen ll like it. 2000 A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried 21. _at the door before entering, please.2001,春季京皖蒙卷 A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock 22. _. There is a train coming.1990 A.Look out B.Look around C.
9、Look forward D.Look at 23._we have today.1983 A.A fine weather B.What a fine weather C.How a fine weather D.What fine weather 24.Oh,John._you gave us.1990 A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 25._food youve cooked.1991 A.How a nice B.W
10、hat a nice C.How nice D.What nice 26._terrible weather weve been having these days. 1992 A.How a B.What a C.How D.What 27._from Beijing to London.1993 A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 28.-Please don t make a noise. -_.MET1992 A.I dont B.I wont
11、 C.No,I wont D.Yes,I will 【答案与解析】1. A 该题依据交际情形考查祈使句的用法；句中的横线是指另起一句话,对前面的话加以说明、强调,故挑选祈使句；句意：我从没看到有人跑这么快,看看大卫跑 的；2. A 考查祈使句的用法；这个句子的构成应当为“ 祈使句 + and/ then/ or + 简洁的陈述句” ,在四个答案中只有 A 可以用来构成祈使句；句意：“ 英语词汇很多是吗？”“ 是的；假如你懂得更多的词汇和短语,你会发觉阅读和沟通更简洁；”3D 该题考查在交际用语中祈使句的否定；句意：“ 对不起, Joe；我不是有意要 ”“ 不要叫我 Joe；我是 Parker
12、先生, 今后不要忘了； ” 前一句是干扰, 这里是对别人的一种警告,提示留意,要用否定疑问句的一般现在时态；4D 该题考查祈使语气的句型结构；“ 祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 是一个固定的句型；在这个句型中,前边的祈使句 + and 表示一个确定的条件,相当于 if引导的条件状语从句；句意：把它留给我,我知道该怎么做；5B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；句中：you feed the bird 相当于 feed the bird 前加上 you 表示强调； will you,用来征求看法；句意： “ 爱丽丝,你今日喂鸟好吗？”“ 我昨天喂了；”6A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面有自身否定副词
13、是一般现在时,应选 A ；7A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面有自身否定副词是一般现在时,应选 A ；never 所以后面用确定,此句时态 hardly 所以后面用确定,此句时态名师归纳总结 8.D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面是let s 构成的祈使句,应选D；第 2 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面是祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you ；10 D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面是祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you ；11D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；对前否定后确定的反意疑问的回答；句意
14、：你没去过北京,是吗？是的,我多么期望去那；12 C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前确定,后否定；13A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；从句打算；前面的 I dont think 打算后面用确定；助动词与主语要依据宾语14D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面有自身否定副词seldom 所以后面用确定,此句时态是现在完成时,应选D；15.B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前确定,后否定；16.C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前确定,后否定,此处 had 是行为动词；17C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前面的 I dont suppose 打算后面用确定；助动词与主语要依据宾 语从句打算；18.C 该题考查反意疑
15、问句的用法；前否定后确定；19 D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法；前确定,后否定；20.B 该题考查祈使句的用法；祈使句表示命令或恳求；21 D 该题考查祈使句的用法；祈使句表示命令或恳求；22.A 该题考查祈使句的用法；祈使句表示劝说；23 D 该题考查感叹句的用法；weather 为不行数名词,句型是：what+ 形容词 +名词 +主谓结构；24.C 该题考查感叹句的用法；Surprise 作“ 惊喜” 解时为可数名词,句型是：what+ an+ 形容词 +名词 +主谓结构；25.D 该题考查感叹句的用法；food 为不行数名词, 句型是： what+ 形容词 +名词 +主谓结构；26.D 该
16、题考查感叹句的用法；weather 为不行数名词,句型是：what+ 形容词 +名词 +主谓结构；27.D 该题考查感叹句的用法；way 为可数名词,句型是：what+ an+形容词 +名词 +主谓结构；28.C 该题考查对祈使句的回答；否定句用其次节 考纲归纳 一、陈述句No, I won t.确定句用, I will.用来表达一个事实或观点的句子叫陈述句declarative sentence；陈述句有确定和否定两种形式,一般用降调,句末用句号；陈述句的语序一般是“ 主语（一）否定结构+谓语部分” ,或“ 主语 +系动词 +表语” ；1、用 not 和助动词或情态动词否定,not 一般放在
17、助动词或情态动词之后；The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 村民们没有答应他们这样做；2、用否定副词或代词否定not 以外的否定词no、 none、nobody、nothing 、never 、seldom 、hardly 、little、neither 、 nor 等也构成陈述句的否定式；None of you watched carefully enough. 你们当中谁都观看得不够认真；We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女
18、人在我们的公司这个部门工作过；3、部分否定名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定代词或副词如all 、both 、 every, everybody, every day everything, everyone, many, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often 否定,意为“ 并非都是,不是每个都是” 等；与 not 连用时,表示部分But Im determined to enjoy mys
19、elf as much as possible even though I cant see everything. 但是我打算要尽可能玩个爽快,即使我看不到全部的地方；How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的这个问题并不是每一个都能回答上来的；Every couple is not a pair.完善的婚姻少；4、双重否定双重否定是指同一句子里显现两个否定词,即否定之否定；双重否定表示的意义是确定的,通常比肯定句语气更重；这种结构有：no not, nonot without, no
20、 but, cant but+ 动词（不得不） , cant help doing, none but等； He doesnt lend his book to nobody. 他的书没有哪本不借；He c ant make anything out of nothing . 巧妇难为无米之炊；5、几乎否定几乎否定又称半否定,表示整个句子的意思接近否定；常用的词有 little, few, seldom, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely 等；I have too little time to finish this work. 我的时间太少了,不能完成这项工作
21、；She is old and rarely goes out. 她年纪大了,很少外出；6、否定转移（ 1）宾语从句的否定转移某些句子结构中, 本应放在 that 从句中的否定词 not 往往被移至主句的谓语动词前,这种现象叫转移否定,这类动词 believe, expect, suppose, think, imagine, fancy, reckon 等候的宾语从句否定时否定主句谓语动词；主句主语是第一人称的一般现在时态；We dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures. 我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方；I dont
22、 believe its necessary to buy the bigger one. 我认为没有必要买容量大一点的；（ 2）否定主语转移否定谓语No sound was heard. 没听 到声音；Neither of them had their tickets. 他们都 没有 票；（3）否定谓语转为否定状语 He doesnt study in the classroom.他 不在教室 里学习； He was not playing all the time.他 没有始终 玩；（4）否定介词转移否定谓语On no condition should the circuit be ove
23、r loaded.电路在任何情形下都不得超负荷 ； At no time will he give in.他任何时候都 不会低头 ；二、疑问句疑问句 interrogative sentence 句、反意疑问句和挑选疑问句；（一）一般疑问句用来提出问题,句末须用问号；疑问句分为一般疑问句、特别疑问一般疑问句 general question用来询问一件事情或一个情形是否属实,需要用确定词yes 或否定词no 来回答；1、基本结构名师归纳总结 “ be、 have、助动词或情态动词+主语 +谓语”第 4 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
24、- Are you good at sailing. 你赛艇很行吧？-Yes,in fact, Im on our city team. 是的,事实上,我是市赛艇队的；Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours. 10 年前的一个下午,我到你家借过一条项链,你仍记得吗？2、否定疑问句在一般疑问句的否定结构中,not 放在主语之后,也常用缩略式,即将-nt和句首的 be、have、助动词或情态动词连在一起；一般疑问句的否定结构往往用来表
25、示提问人的诧异、怀疑、邀请、称赞等,回答时, yes 后接确定结构,no 后接否定结构；如 certainly、-Hasnt he passed the final examination.大考他没有及格吗？-Yes, he has. 不,他及格了；- Didnt he come to see you yesterday.他昨天没有去看你吗？-No, he didnt. 是的,他没来；3、可以不用yes 和 no 回答的一般疑问句一般疑问句通常情形下用yes 、no 来回答,但在很多情形下需依据详细情形用其它答语,of course、all right、not at all、perhaps 、
26、never ,no way 等；（ 1）回答介意与否 -Would you mind if I open the window. 我开开窗户你介意吗？ -Not at tall. Certainly not., Of course not 不介意； - I m sorry but I would . Its could outside. 对不起我介意,外面太冷了；（ 2）拒绝或不能赐予中意回答而表示赔礼 -Could you come to the party this evening. 你晚上能来参与完会吗？ -I d love to , but you see Im too busy. 我
27、情愿去,但我太忙了； - Thats very kind of you, but Im afraid I cant. 你真好,到我唯恐去不了； -Can you return the book in two days. 你两天能仍书吗？ -Sorry , but I can return it in four days. 对不起,但我四天后能仍； -Is he a proper person for the job. 他是干这项工作的合适人选吗？ - I don t think so . 我不这样想；（3）接受邀请或要求 -will you send her a note for me . 你
28、代我把这个纸条给她好吗？ - I d be glad to . 愿意效劳；-May I look at the picture. 我看看照片可以吗？- Certainly . Here you are. 当然；给你；（4）回答带有批评意味的句子 -Do you remember what I told you before. - I m sorry, sir. 对不起先生；我以前告知你的话你仍记得吗？ I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. 我认为你该打电话给珍妮并向他赔礼； No way. It was her fault.
29、决不,那不是我的错；（5）对提问作出主观判定名师归纳总结 -Are the shoes too big.这双鞋太大吧？. 第 5 页,共 15 页- I think they are all right. 我看正合适；-Is anything the matter. 出了什么事吗？- Of course . 当然了；-Will he lend me some money. 他会把钱借给我吗- Certainly not. 当然不会！- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （6）对提出问题的不能确定-Whos taken my pen. 谁把握的钢笔拿走了？-
30、 Let me see. Ah , its Tom. 我想想；奥,是汤姆；（二）特别疑问句特别疑问句 special question是用来对句子某一部分提问的疑问句,以疑问词开头；疑问词分为两种：疑问代词和疑问副词；1、疑问代词构成的特别疑问句疑问代词 who 谁（主格）,whom谁（宾格）,whose 谁的, what 什么, which 哪个,用来对主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等提问；What will the money be used for. 资金用在什么上面呢？Which speech are you going to listen to this afternoon. 2、 疑
31、问副词今日下午你准备听哪个报告？疑问副词 when什么时候, where 什么地方, why 为什么, how 怎样,用来对状语、表语、补语、定语等提问；- Where are you travelling to, Gary. 加里,你准备去哪儿旅行？- To London . 去伦敦；3、 which 和 what 用法区分which 、what 均可与名词连用,来就人或物提出疑问；当挑选余地不大时,一般用 which ；当挑选余地比较大而究竟有多少种可能性仍不清晰经常用 what ；What harm does it do after all. 这究竟有什么样的危害？Which paren
32、t is more important in the first year of life. 在诞生后的第一年,父亲与母亲哪一位更重要？询问天气,用“what like .”；问候别人的健康,用 how；4、 how 与 what like 用法区分对人和事物的性质（或长久的特性）提问用“what.like.”；询问变化的事物,如临时的情形、心情等用 how；- What is your mother like . 你母亲是怎样一个人？-She is a very nice person. 她这个人特别好；How does the boss look this morning. 老板早上脸色如
33、何 . Whats the weather going to be like at the weekend. 周末天气怎么样？- How is he. 他身体怎么样？-He is very well. 他很好；5、how often 与 how soon 的区分how often 询问做某事的频率；how soon 询问多长时间以后做某事；How often do you go there. 你去那的次数如何？How soon can you be ready. 你多久才能预备好？2、特别疑问句的语序陈述句语序疑问词作主语,或者作定语修饰主语,语序与陈述句的语序相同,指对主语进行提问；What
34、 has made this lake so salty. 是什么东西使得湖水这样咸呢？Who gave you that book. 谁给你的那本书？疑问句语序名师归纳总结 另一种是“ 疑问词+一般疑问句” 的语序,其中疑问词作宾语、表语、定语或状语；第 6 页,共 15 页What did you give her to eat. 你给她吃什么东西？- Why do you want the book so badly. 为什么你这么想要这本书呢？- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -To study. 为了学习；3、使用特别疑问句应留意的几点（ 1
35、）Why开头的否定疑问句常表建议或恳求Since you have to stay at home, why dont you do some reading. 既然你得待在家里,为什么不读点书呢？Why dont you try this one on. 你何不试试这一套呢？（ 2）用特别疑问句表诧异、愤慨等感情,可用它的强调形式,在疑问词后加 ever 、on earth 、 in the world 等；How ever shall we get there. 我们究竟如何到那里去？Why on earth was he so nervous. 他究竟为什么如此紧急？（ 3）特别疑问句有
36、一些缩略结构How/What about 表建议、恳求、邀请、异议或征求对方看法, Why not do .用于提出建议； why do.表示志文、指责等；What about when we leave. 我们离开时该做些什么呢？Why not do something. 为什么不干点事呢？Why give him so much money. 你怎么给他那么多钱？（ 4）复合特别疑问句用来询问对方或第三者的想法或看法,由一般疑问句和特别疑问句两种结构复合而成；在这种复合结构中,特别疑问句变成了一般疑问句结构中的宾语；Why do you think we cant change your
37、note. 为什么你认为我们找不开你的票子呢？Which food do you think is healthy. 你认为哪种食物是健康食物？（三）反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句 tag question,附在陈述句后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,由“be、 have、助动词或情态动词 +主语（与陈述句的主语相同）” 构成,答语用 yes 或 no；1、一般情形假如陈述句是确定结构,其后的附加疑问句用否定结构,反之,陈述句是否定结构,其后的附加疑问句即是确定结构；She looks quiet enough, doesnt she . 她看上去足够安静,不是吗？-You haven
38、t been to Beijing, have you .你去过北京吗？- No,I havent. How I wish to go there. 没,仍没有；我多么想去啊！Susans found her pass, hasnt she . 苏珊找到她的护照了,是吗？留意：前否定后确定反意疑问句的答语在回答否定主句的反意疑问句时,否定回答要用“No否定短句” ；确定回答要用“Yes确定短句” ,二者不行混用；这种省略回答的 yes 要译成“ 不” ,no 要译成“ 是” ；- She hasnt got up, has she. 她仍没有起床,是吗？-Yes, she has . 不,她已
39、经起来了；No, she hasn t . 是的,她仍没起来；反意疑问句用法歌诀 反意疑问句三要点,前后谓语正相反；短句 not 如显现,必需缩写是习惯；最终一点须留意,短句代词作主语；反意疑问句回答方法歌诀 回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据,确定事有用 yes,否定事实 no 替；2、 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时名师归纳总结 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those 时,附加疑问句中的主语不再用指示代词,而第 7 页,共 15 页要用 it或 they 代替；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - That isn t y
40、our desk,is it.那不是你的桌子,是吗？These are interesting stories, a rent they .这些故事很好玩,是吗？3、当陈述部分的主语是“Im.” 结构时,疑问部分一般用 arent I；Im late for class, arent I .我迟到了,是吗？Im doing well, arent I. 我干得很好,不是吗？4、当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, somebody, nobody, none 等合成代词时,附加疑问部分的主语多用 they ,但也可用 he；Everyone came here, did
41、nt they .都来了,是吗？Nobody phoned while I was out, did they .我不在时,没人给我打电话,是吗？5、当陈述部分的主语是 everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用 it ；Everything is ready, isnt it .都预备好了,是吗？Nothing was said, was it . 什么也没说,对吗？Nothing can stop us , can it. 没有什么能阻挡我们,是吗？6、当陈述部分以不定代词 one 作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用 one,在非正式场合用
42、 you；One cant be too careful, can oneyou . 怎么细心都不为过,你说呢？One should learn from others, shouldn t oneyou. 人要想别人学习,是吗？7、当陈述部分是“there be+ 主语 +其它” 结构时,疑问部分要用“benot+there” 结构；There is a book on the desk, isnt there. 桌子上有本书,是吗？There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, didnt there .过去在南部有大量煤矿,不是吗？8、当陈述部分的主语是“I don t think suppose, believe+that 从句” 结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上相一样 , 并且仍要用确定形式；I don t suppose anyone will voluntee r, will they .我认为没人会自愿去做,是吗？I dont think youve h