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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 跨文化交际课程自学材料Part One Defining Culture 一争论题1. How do you think culture and communication are related. 2. What are the barriers you experienced in intercultural communication. And how did you handle them. 3. Work in groups to decide which of the following belong to overt cultur
2、e and which to covert: A. What and how people eat B. How to keep healthy C. How to raise children D. How to do business E. How to use time F. How to introduce people G. How to participate in ceremonies H. Rules for facial expressions and eye contact I. Rituals J. Etiquette K. Work speed L. What is r
3、ight or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad, etc. M. Theories of disease, sin, death, god or gods, sanity, self, etc. 4. Can you add more to the above list. Which of them do you think are more likely to cause problems in intercultural communication. And why do you think they are. 二
4、、分析、解答题Please read the following example taken from Scollon & Scollon, 2000 and study how communication is affected by culture. Two men meet on a plane from Tokyo to Hong Kong. Chu Hon-fei is a Hong Kong exporter who is returning from a business trip to Japan. Andrew Richardson is an American buyer
5、on his first business trip to Hong Kong. It Is a convenient meeting for them because Mr. Chus company sells some of the products Mr. Richardson has some to Hong Kong to buy. After a bit of conversation they introduce themselves to each other. Mr. Richardson: By the way, Im Andrew Richardson. My frie
6、nds call me Andy. This is my business card. Mr. Chu: Im David Chu. Pleased to meet you, Mr. Richardson. This is my card. Mr. Richardson: No, no. Call me Andy. I think well be doing a lot of business together. Mr. Chu: Yes, I hope so. Mr. Richardson reading Mr. Chus card : Chu, Hon-fei. Hon-fei , Ill
7、 give you a call tomorrow as soon as I get settled at my hotel. Mr Chu smiling: Yes, Ill expect your call.When these two men separate, they leave each other with very different impressions of the situation. Mr. Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr. Chu and feels they have g
8、otten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr. Chus smile seems to 1 / 26 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 26 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr. Richardson is very particularly pleased that
9、he has treated Mr. Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fei rather than using the western name, David, which seems to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture. In contrast, Mr. Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr. Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work
10、with him, and that Mr. Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that Mr. Richardson used his given name, Hon-fei, instead of either David or Mr. Chu. How do you account for their different impressions. Does culture play a role in the communication b
11、etween these two men. You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 三、摸索题：1. We have learned some characteristics of culture. For example, culture is learned. Culture can be learned through diverse ways, proverbs being one of them. Now study the following proverbs and decide what values they represent, which of them
12、are still strong in the American culture and the Chinese culture respectively, and which dont apply any longer. Proverbs 1. Blood is thicker than water. 2. Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 3. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 4. The early bird catches the worm. 5. God helps those who help
13、themselves. 6. Haste makes waste. 7. Time is money. 8. A mans home is his castle.9. Think three times before you take action. 10. Modesty makes you progress； conceitedness makes you lag behind. You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 2. Read the following and think about the questions: Some years ago, several i
14、nternational businessmen were on a conference cruise when the ship began to sink. “ Go tell those fellows to put on life jackets and jump overboard,” the captain directed his first mate.A few minutes later the first mate returned. “ Those guys wont jump, ” he reported. “ Takeover, ” the captain orde
15、red, “ And I ll see what I can do.”Returning moments later, he announced, “ Theyre gone.”“ Howd you do it.” asked the first mate.“ I told different things to different people. I told the Englishman it was the sporting thing to do, and he jumped. I told the Frenchman it was _； the German that it was
16、a command； the Italian that it was _ ； the Russian that it was _； so they jumped overboard.”“ And how did you get the American to jump.”“ No problem, ” said the captain, “ I told him he was _.”Questions: 1 Can you decide to whom each of the following words was actually used by the captain. 2 / 26 名师
17、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 26 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Revolutionary forbidden chic insured 2 If there had been a Chinese businessman on board, what should the captain say in order to make him jump overboard. 3 What do you think of the story. Does it tell you something that is true of people of thos
18、e different nations. You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 Part Two Communication and Culture 一、争论题1. Study the following two versions of the same spoken discourse presented in a business meeting between a Hong Kong Chinese and an AngloNorth American businessman. Decide in small groups, which one might be giv
19、en by a Chinese and which by an American. Why？A. Because most of our production is done in China now, and its not really certain how Hong Kong will be like after 1997, and since I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. So, I suggest t
20、hat we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.Scollon & Scollon, 2000 B. I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision. That s because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense.
21、 In addition to that, most of our production is done in China now, and it not really certain how Hong Kong will be like after 1997. Scollon & Scollon, 2000 You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 2. Can you find some cases in which 是 in Chinese does not mean “ yes” in English. 3. How would you put the following
22、 into Chinese. a Do you like the new school. Yes, I will. b Please don t say that. - Yes, I will. c I know what he wants. - Yes. -Money. d Waiter. - Yes, sir. e Yes. - I d like two tickets, please. f Everything will be all right soon, yes. Saying “ no” seems to be more complicated.Sometimes “ no” ma
23、y mean “ maybe” given the right time and circumstances. This is quite important in interpersonal relations and in politics. Look at the following sex-biased joke: Whats the difference between a lady and a diplomat.When a diplomat says “ yes” , he means maybe.When a diplomat says “ maybe” , he means
24、no.When a diplomat says “ no” , he s no diplomat.When a lady says “ no” , she means “ maybe” .When a lady says “ maybe” , she means “ yes” .When a lady says “ yes” , she s no lady all.4. What are you going to do if you are in the following situations. Why or why not. 3 / 26 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页
25、,共 26 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. When you are offered a drink the taste of which you find very unpleasant. B. When your friends ask if you will go to a picnic with them and you do not feel like going. C. When you are asked about the meaning of an English word that you do not know. D. When you are
26、asked whether you agree with a professoridea about learning English that you do not quite appreciate E. When you find yourself in class unable to answer the question the teacher asks you. F. When someone asks for your finished homework to copy and you do not like to comply. G. When you are asked by
27、your parents about your problems in your studies and you do not really like to. 5. Why do people in countries like Japan and China often refuse to say “ no” directly. 6. What problems may arise in intercultural communication because of such indirect ways of saying “ no” .二、摸索题1. The following are tw
28、o letters, one in Chinese and the other in English. Compare them to see if there is similarity in their discourse patterns. 敬重的节目主持人：我作为贵台英语教案节目和你喜爱的歌节目的忠实听众已有好几年的历史了；我认为贵台的这两个节目办得特别好；请让我做个自我介绍：我是一名中同学,今年十八岁,我的家乡是一个边疆小城,文化活动办得也不错；由于我是喜爱学习英语,所这方面的电台节目比较留意,但是由于中心人民广播电台的英语节目比较深奥,不适合我学习,所以我始终从贵台的英语节目里得到
29、听力、会话才能训练；这种训练使我受益匪浅；随着课程难度一步步的提高,我深感没有一本教材,学习回遇到许多困难；由于这个缘由,我抽出时间给贵台写这封信,期望能得到一本贵台英语节目的教材；教材的费用请来信告知；另外,我期望得到贵台印制的年历,并祝您们的节目办得更加好玩；Dear Professor X, How are you. Please pardon me for bothering you while you are so busy. But there is one thing on which I need your help. I am a lover of English, but
30、for a long time I have not been able to study English systemically. Now I am staying at home on sick leave and it occurred to me that I should take it up seriously. I went to the Foreign Language Book Store in our provincial capital and had a look. I found the English textbook, which you edited, sui
31、ts my level. But the store had no tapes. Could you please tell me where I can get the tapes through mail order and how much I need to pay. Besides, the textbook has only two volumes. Is there supplementary material to accompany them. Can I get both the books and the tapes through mail order. I am al
32、most thirty years old, but learned only at secondary school. I like it very much and it will be useful for future work. So I want to begin from the beginning and I wonder if the book is right for me. I look forward to hearing from you. Questions 1 What do you think of the two letters above. What do
33、they have in common though they are written in different languages. 2 When you are making a request in English, will you do it in the Chinese way 4 / 26 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 26 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - or not. 2. Guess the meanings of the following statements originally intending to convey.
34、A. Is forbidden to steal hotel towels please. If you are not a person to do such a thing is please not to read notice. from a Tokyo hotel B. The lift is being fixed for the next day. During that time we regret that you will be unbearable. In a Bucharest hotel lobby C. The flattening of underwear wit
35、h pleasure is the job of the chambermaid. In a Yugoslavian hotel D. Our wines leave you nothing to hope for. On the menu of a Swiss restaurant E. Order your summer suit. Because is big rush we will execute customers in strict rotation. In a Rhodes tailor shop F. It is forbidden to enter a woman even
36、 a foreigner if dressed as a man. In a Bangkok temple G. Ladies are requested not to have children at the bar. In a Norwegian cocktail lounge H. We take your bags and send them in all directions. In a Copenhagen airline office I It is strictly forbidden on our black forest camping site that people o
37、f different sex, for instance, men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose. A sign posted in a German park J. Specialist in Women and Other Diseases. A sign outside a doctor s office in Rome K. Take care of the steps. A sign in a scenic spot in C
38、hina 3. What improvement will you make on the above mistranslations. 4. Have you ever found some similar cases of mistranslation in our life. If you have, what are they. Part Three Comparing Cultural Patterns 一、争论题1. We know that there are quite a few questions that you are not supposed to ask in th
39、e United States and some other western countries. It is considered impolite to inquire a person age, marriage status, income, religious belief, choice in voting, property, and others. If one of your American friends shows you something that he has just bought, you will, of course, say “ What a nice
40、skirt. It looks fabulous ” , s i something like that but not inquire about the price. Of all the aspects, onethe top secret. People earns, except the boss. How would you account for this phenomenon. What concept is behind this. Discuss in small groups. 2. “ Face” is a very important concept in China
41、. See how many phrases you can think that contain the term “ face ” . How important is “ face ” to you. Give some situations in which “ face ” is concerned. What do you think “ face ” means. Why is “ face ” im in China. Do other nations have such concept. Discuss in small groups these answers. You m
42、ay turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 二、分析、解答题1. Read the cases and answers the questions following each one. During the American Civil War, a very hungry young man fell down in front of a farm gate. The farmer gave him food but in return he asked the young man to move a pile of wood in his yard in fact it was not
43、 at all necessary to move the wood back to its 5 / 26 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 26 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - original place. Seeing all this, farmers son was confused.Questions: 1. Why did the farmer do that. 2. What values are reflected in this story. You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 2. A letter to a
44、columnist: Dear Mary, We work in the typing pool of a large London store and are very concerned for the welfare of one of our young colleagues. She is only 19, unmarried, and has become very friendly with a young man who works in one of the departments of the store. He pops into the typing pool to s
45、ee her and there. We know that he is engaged to a girl who lives near him. We feel for the protection of the girl, that we should complain to the general manager. But we wouldnt like anybody to get the sack. Four Worried Typists The answer from the columnist: My advice is simple: Mind your own busin
46、ess. The girl is old enough to know what she is doing. Question: 1 What value can we see behind the letter and answer. You may turn to 跨文化交际自学参考答案 3. Read the following and answer the questions. As a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara was on a strict budget. She h
47、ad all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed in the dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage.