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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动名词与现在分词的区分三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式 writing 、being written 、完成式 having written 、having been written 其否定形式是在 doing 前加上 not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；如：I hate talking with such people. 我厌恶与这样的人说话；2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前；如：I d
2、on t remember having met him before. 3、动名词的规律主语同时也是动名词动作的承担者,动名词用被动语态；（1）它的一般式表示；如：I don t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜爱被别人嘲笑；（2）它的完成式表示；如：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很兴奋你能获得这样的奖牌；（3）在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这好像是一种强大的习惯；如：Excuse me for be
3、ing late. 我来晚了请你原谅；I don t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原先在什么地方见过；Thank you for giving us so much help. 感谢给我们这么大的帮忙；（4）在多数情形下都防止使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,特别是在口语中；如：I forget once being taken having been taken to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了；（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义, being 不行省略
4、；如：She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前；四、常见题型：1） 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2） 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或全部格形式给出规律主语 例： I would appreciate_ back this afternoon. Ayou to call B you call C you calling D you re calling4） 有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consi
5、der; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; repor
6、t; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand. 5） 另外仍有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法s not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend moit s no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; itpoint in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可（分为三种情形,具体参见现在分词语法讲解及练习）五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动
7、词原形的词末加-ing；在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为-ing 形式 ；相同点 ：例如：Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语,作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴致勃勃的；She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语,作宾语）她不喜爱在公众场所讲话；区分：1.表语： 动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区分方法是 : ,语法和意思不变,例作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“ 是” ,通常把主语和表语的位置互换如: 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
8、 - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - My hobby is swimming. 可改为 Swimming is my hobby. 可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质 ,不能与主语互换位置 ,例如 : The story is interesting . 不行改为 :Interesting is the story. 2.定语： 动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词 ,两者的区分在于 : 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途 ,而现在分词修饰名词时性质 .状态或动作等 .试比较 : a swimming boy
9、和 a swimming suit a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 3.主语： 动词的 -ing 形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不行以用作主语；（1）动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语简单；（2）有时 it 作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是铺张时间；（3） “ There is + no后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could
10、do. 他能做什么很难说；4.宾语： 动词的 -ing 形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不行以用作宾语；（1）有很多动词可接动名词作宾语 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议终止会议；（2）有很多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语 He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了；5.状语： 当动词的 -ing 形式用作状语时为现在分词,动名词不行以用作状语；现在分词及其短语可以用作状语,表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、让步、方式或相伴情形等；其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生
11、；Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮美的景象；（表时间）Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我们住在乡下,交际的机会很少；（表缘由）以下句子中,哪些是动名词,哪些是现在分词Smoking can cause cancer. waiting room Prices keep on increasing. The child fell, striking his head against the door and
12、 cutting it. the rising generation It s a wonder meeting you here. developing countries He kept complaining. The main thing is getting there in time. The news is encouraging. swimming pool There was no arguing with her. living things 练习26） Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home？
13、D） going；have 第 2 页,共 4 页A） going ；to have B） to go；to have C） to go；having 27） Prior to _ the formal speech , first he will introduce himself；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A） delivering B） deliver C） being delivering D） being delivered D） traveling ；standing 28）I don t mind _ by bus,
14、 but I hate _ in queues；C） traveling ；to stand A） to travel ；standing B）traveled；Standing 29）What about _ double quantities of everything today ？ We have hardly time to go_ next week ；A） buying ；to shop B） buy；Shopping C） buying ；shopping D） to buy；shopping 30） We had some trouble _ the house and no
15、body seemed _where it was；A） in finding ；knowing B） finding ；to know C） to find ；knowing D） to find ；to know 31）We can t imagine _ _ in the entrance examination , for she has never been to school；A） she succeeding B） her succeeding C） she succeed D） her to succeed 32）I don t like _ at meA） them laug
16、hing B） their laugh C） them laugh D） them to have laughed 33）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out ；A） sleeping；to camp B） sleeping；Camping C） to sleep；to camp D） to sleep；camping 34）I have no objection _ the evening with them ；A） to spend B） to spending C） of spending D） spen
17、ding 35） After _ for the job , you will be required to take a language test ；A） being interviewed B） interviewed C） interviewing D）interviewed 36）The match was canceled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court ；A） objected to B） were objected to have C） objected to have D） were
18、 objected to having 37）Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination ；A） to prepare B） to be prepared C） preparing D） being prepared 38）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules ； You need to practice what you have learned ；A） trying to B） to try
19、to C） try to D） tried to 39）After _ him better , I regretted _ him unfairly ；A） getting to know ； to judge B） getting to know ；to have judged C） getting to have know ；judging D） getting to know ；having judged 40）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain；A） spend B） have spent C） spending D）b
20、een spending 41） Before _ the house, you should get a surveyor_ over it ；A） buying ；looking B）bought；to look C） buying ；to have looked D） buying；to look 42）In some countries people favor _ together even though there is much more space ；A） to stay B） stay C） staying D） stayed 43）“Why was Fred so upse
21、t？” “He isn t used _ criticizedA） be B） to be C） to being D）been 44） It s no use _ to get a bargain these daysA） to expect B） expecting C） wanting D） you expect 45）“Why were you so late for work today？ ” “_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic；”A） Driving B） I drove C） To
22、drive D） That I drove 46）It was impolite of him _without _goodbye；A） to leave, saying B） leaving, to say C） to leave, to say D） leaving , saying 47） He kept _to his parents ；A） putting off to write B） to put off to write C） putting off writing D） to put off writing 48）I ll go with you after I get th
23、rough with _the house；A） cleaning B） to cleaning C） to be cleaned D）cleaned 49） With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn t resist _four pounds ；A） to take B） took C） taking D） have taken 50）How can you keep the machine _when you are away ？A） run B） to run C） running D） being run 第 3 页,共 4 页名师归纳总结
24、- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 工作篇If you dont like something, change it. If you cant change it, change your attitude. George Bernard Shaw says, The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Do not complain. Being self-centered is no help in getting on in this world. Cope with it. 假如你不喜爱某件事,那么转变它；假如无法转变它,那么转变你的态度；萧伯纳说：“ 明白事理的人使自己适应世界；不明事理的人想使世界适应自己；头地的方法；” 停止埋怨吧；太过自我中心並不是在这社会出人名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页