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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载高中定语从句具体讲解（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句 ：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；2先行词 ：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；3关系词 ：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有 关系代词 和关系副词 ；关系代词有 词有 when, where, why 等；that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词 ；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分 ；例如：The man who is shaking hand
2、s with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语；（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人,在定语从句中作主语；The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的；Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 t
3、omorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必需在明晨 7 点到大门口集合；Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮忙了一位迷路的老人；That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师；2whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略； Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. 论的那个人；刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈Li Ming is just the boy whom I want t
4、o see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩；The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了；The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师常常夸奖的那个女孩是我们的 班长；留意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略； The man whom / who you met just now is my old friend. 3Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语常常可省略；Football is a game w
5、hich is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜爱的运动；The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造运算机的那家公司离这儿很远；He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜爱外国作家写的书；The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很美丽；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
6、 精品资料 欢迎下载This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔；The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 思也没有；他们昨晚看的电影一点意4That 指人时,相当于 who 或 whom；指物时,相当于 which.；在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语常常可省略；The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每
7、年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万；Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning. 我今日早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好；The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季；Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 信；5Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定
8、语从句中做定语；昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜望了一个全国知名的科学家；He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的伴侣；I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里；留意：指物时,常用以下结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaire
9、d. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow. Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow. （三） “ 介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词 +关系代词 ” 引出；The school which / that he once studied in is very famous. The school in whic
10、h he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名；Tomorrow I bring here the magazine which / that you asked for. Tomorrow I bring here the magazine for which you asked. 明天我将把你要的杂志带来；This is the boy whom / who / that I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterda
11、y. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩；Well go to hear the famous singer whom / who / that we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 我们将去听那位我们常常谈论的闻名唱歌家演唱；The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose
12、company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理非常留意改善我们的工作条件；留意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面；如：look for, look after, take care of 等；This is the watch which / that I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking. 误 正 这是我正在找的手表；The babies whom / who / that
13、 the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 正 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）如介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用 whom,不行用 who, that；关系代词指物时只可用 which,不行用 that；关系代词是全部格时用 whose；The man with whom you t
14、alked just now is my neighbor. 的邻居；正 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbor. 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 机实在很舒适；正我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 误 “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 前仍可有 代词或者数词；如：some, any, none, al
15、l, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好；In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果, 有些已经坏了；There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有
16、个同学,大多数来自大城市；Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止, 他写了部小说,其中部是关于农村生活的；词关系代词引导的定语从句特例1. , .of +关系代词； 2which 代替 this/that/the （四）关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语； I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 学校的那一天；我仍旧记得我第一次来到这所 The time whe
17、n we got together finally arrived. 我们团圆的时刻最终到了； October 1, 1949 was the day when the People 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子； Republic of China was founded. 1949 年 10 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你仍记 得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？2 where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语；Shanghai is the ci
18、ty where I was born. 上海是我诞生的城市；The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了；I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了很多奶牛的农场；Is this the place where they fought the enemy. 这是他们起初打敌人的地方吗？3 why 指缘由,在定语从句中作缘由状语；Please tell me the reason why you missed t
19、he plane. 请告知我你误机的缘由；The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩处的缘由我们都不知道；I don know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今日为什么看上去不开心；留意：关系副词引导的定语从句常常可以用“ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句来表示；如：From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted
20、 to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读学校时,他就已经知道长大后要做什 么；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生庞大的变化； The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的缘由是非常明白的；（五）限制性定
21、语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“,” 与主句隔开；意义上：是先行词不行缺少的定语,如删除,主句就失去意义或意思表达不完整；译法上 ：译成先行词的定语：“的 ”B可用 that C可用 who 代替 whom 关系词的使用上： A作宾语时可省略非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“ ,” 与主句隔开；意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思；译法上：通常译成主句的并列句；关系词的使用上：A不行省略B不用 that C不行用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only per
22、son that I could depend on. 老师告知我说汤姆是我唯独的可以依靠的人；China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家；In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人；非限制性定语从句 举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈非常地爱他, 对他要求很严格；China, which was founded in 1949, is becomin
23、g more and more powerful. 中国是 1949 年成立的, 现在正变得越来越强大；Last summer I visited the P eople Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举办很多重要会议；（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情形1当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing something 除外 , all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词 时,
24、或当 先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等代词修饰 时；如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said. 李老师讲的你都登记来了吗？There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说好像世界上没有什么 不行能的事；All that can be done has been done. 全部能做的都做好了；There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为
25、你干什么；He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需 的资料；留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who,如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won的事；t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样名师归纳总结 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 全部应邀来参与她第 4 页,共 7
26、页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载婚礼的客人都是重要人物；2当先行词被序数词修饰时；如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 本钟；3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；如：在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影；4当先行词被the very, the only 修饰时 ；如：家里发生了火灾过后,那辆This is the very dictionary
27、 that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典；After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 旧车成了他的唯独拥有；留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who；如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯独出席会议的人；5当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时；如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate.
28、站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most. 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时；如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事；Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 的 毛驴；（二）关系代词 as和 which 引导的定语从句瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句
29、时, 其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处；具体情形是：1. as 和 which 都可以 在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子；如：He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事；He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚恳,这一点我们看得出来； 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至仍可以分割主句； which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后 含义；如：；另外, as 常常有 “ 正如、正像 ” 的As is known to all, China is
30、a developing country. 众所周知,中国是进展中国家；He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人,这一点我们从他的腔调可以知道；John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知,约翰是个闻名作家；Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don了,这一点我不信任；t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次留意：当主句和从句之间存在着规律上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用 which；如：Tom
31、was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火；These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重；1. 当先行词受 such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用 as； 如：I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事；He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不
32、象他看上去的那样傻；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样；留意： 当先行词受 the same 修饰时, 有时也用 that 引导定语从句, 但与 as 引导的定语从句意思有区分； 如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary 条连衣裙；s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一She wore the same dr
33、ess as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙；三 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 通常可以省略； 如：in which 或 that 引导,而且The way that / in which he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令 人诧异； I dont like the way that / in which you laugh at her. 我不喜爱你冲她的样子；（四）关系代词与关系副词的挑选用关系代词仍是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中
34、的作用（即所担当的成 分）； 试比较：A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方； I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景 色美丽而闻名的地方；B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 度假的日子；我永久忘不了我们一起 I will never forget the days that / whic
35、h we spent together. 我永久忘不了我们一起度过 的日子；C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的缘由； This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是 他向我说明的他没有参与会议的缘由；（五） but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句；如： There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不称赞他的才能的；（but = who don）（六）
36、定语从句与同位语从句的区分1定语从句修饰限定先行词,它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,它与先行词是同位关系； The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句）黎的；刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴 The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句）他已经去世了,这个事实很明白；2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时常常可省略；同位语从句主要由连词that 引导,在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由 wher
37、e, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导, 这些连词就在从句中担当成分； The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）他告知我的消息是真的；名师归纳总结 The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）他刚刚去世了,这个消息是真的；第 6 页,共 7 页 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语从句 我- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
38、 - 精品资料 欢迎下载们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金； The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金,这个问题很难解决； The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很犯难； The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句）他是否 肯定会赢得那场竞赛,这个问题很难回答； 3同位语从句
39、与先行词一般可以用动词be 进展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句就不能；如： A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位语从句）我们可 以向老师请教,这个想法不错； The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句）地球环绕 太阳转,这个事实人人皆知； The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. （同位语从句）请注意如何爱护野生动物这个问题； The problem is how we can protect the wild animals. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页