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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高三英语语法复习专题（12）Unit12 定语从句一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或 all、none、any、 some、that、those 等代词；数词也可以作先行词,人称代
2、词也同样可作先行词；（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系；必需留意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定；This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意；There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as；关系副词： when, where, why；that 有时也作关系副词；5、确定关系词的步骤（1
3、）先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么；（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分；6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,以下情形的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which （1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only 、any、few、little、no、 all 、one of 等修饰时；（2）先行词为 all、much、little 、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时；（3）先行词中既有人又有物时；He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
4、 （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时；The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词 which 时；Which are the books that you bought for me . 7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情形（1）在非限制性定语从句中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是 that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词 who
5、 与 that 指人时,也有不怜悯形分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是 there be 句型时,关系词用 who；（2）先行词是为 anyone、those、someone、everyone、 one等词时,关系词用 who；（3）当主句是 who 作疑问词时,关系词用 that；Who is that girl that is standing by the window. （4）whom 在从句中只作宾语,可被 who 取代；9、whose 作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语；如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving . Ther
6、e is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语；as many（much）中,从句都用as 引导；（1）先行词被such 和 the same修饰,或句型Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 留意：区分 such that 引导的结果状语从句；They are su
7、ch lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句；I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用 as和 which 引导；区分：意义上：as 含有“ 这点正如 一样”；位置上： as 从句可置句首,也可在另处；He didn t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As i
8、s known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、关系副词 when 与 where、why 、that when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where 指地点 = in / at / from / which why 指缘由 = for which 当先行词为 way、day、reason、time 时,可用 that 作关系副词； （非正式场合）I don t like the way that / in which / he talks.当 time 作先行词时,关系词可以省掉；This is the first
9、 time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必需留意的问题（1）关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数；（2）留意区分定语从句与强调句；定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句；名师归纳总结 强调 it无意义, that / who不是引导词；第 2 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载强调 it is / was 和 that / who 后假如句子意思讲得通就是强调句,讲不通就不是；It is the museum that / which we visited last year.
10、定语从句 It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区分；定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that 充当主语、宾语、表语；有时可省略；同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that 不能充当任何成分,不行省；Word came that their army was defeated. 同位语 We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their. 定语 （4）关系词在从句中省略的情形；关系词作宾语,前无介词时；关系词作表语；（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从
11、句的翻译；（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是（7）几个特别的定语从句句型：which 和 whom；He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中 students为先行词）Is this place the one that we visited yesterday. Is this the placethat / whi
12、chwe visited yesterday . He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 二、精典名题导解挑选填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. （NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where 解析：答案为
13、C；此题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的挑选；作好此题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词 the hours 和关系词被介词短语 to me 所分隔； 定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词 hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应挑选表示时间的关系副词 when；2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.NMET 2001 A.It B.As C.That D.What 解析：答案为 B；此题考查 as 引导的非限制定语从句；as 作“ 正如 ” 解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整
14、个句子；当 as 在从句中作主语时,常用于以下短语：as is known 、as is said、as is reported、as is announced 等；要留意把握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.NMET 1996 A.which B.where C.that D.wh
15、en 解析：答案为 B；此题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的挑选；定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语 the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必需用关系副词 where 引导； 要留意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后挑选适当的关系词；4.The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：答案为 C；考定语从句； 主句部分应是 The E
16、nglish play at the New Years party was a great success.从句补全为独立句子应是 my students acted in the play；所以应选 in which ,其余介词不妥；5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 解析：答案为 A；此题考地点状语从句,用 where 引导；句意是“ 她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”；此处不能用时间状语从句,排除 C,此题易被误认为考定语从句
17、,意为“ 在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”；定语从句修饰 trousers,也只能用 where；B 和 D 可引导定语从句,但只作主、宾等成分；定语从句缺少状语,不缺主语、宾语,故不行用；6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：答案为A ；此题考定语从句,关系代词which 指代 the journey,定语从句复原为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days, 应选 of which ；第 4 页,共 4 页