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1、1 Identify Your Philosophy of Education 识别你的教育哲学Each of us has a philosophy of education, or a set of fundamental beliefs regarding how we think schools should be run. What is your philosophy of education? To find out, read each of the following statements about the nature of education. Decide wheth
2、er you agree or disagree with each statement. Use the following numbers to express your response: 我们每个人都有关于教育哲学或是一套关于学校应如何管理想法的基本信念，你的教育哲学是什么？要找出答案，请阅读下文关于教育观点的陈述，如下每一个陈述，用下列数字表达你的回答：5 Agree strongly 4 Agree 3 Neutral 2 Disagree 1 Disagree Strongly5 非常同意4 同意 3 中立 2 不同意 1 非常不同意_ 1. The curriculum of
3、the schools should be subject centered. In particular, student learning should be centered around basic subjects such as reading, writing, history, math, and science. 学校的课程应以学科为中心，确切地说学生的学习应被视为中心围绕基本课程开展，如：阅读、写作、历史、数学、和科学。_ 2. The curriculum of the schools should focus on the great thinkers of the p
4、ast. 学校的课程应着重于历史上伟大的思想家。_ 3. Many students learn best by engaging in real-world activities rather than reading. 很多学生在从事现实社会活动中学到最好的东西而不是在书本中。_ 4. The students should be permitted to determine their own curriculum. 学生应被允许决定他们自己的课程。_ 5. Material is taught effectively when it is broken down into small
5、parts. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 当教学内容被分成很小的部分时教起来是有效的。_ 6. The curriculum should place multidisciplinary analysis and action regarding social problems and themes from social life at the heart of students school expe
6、rience. 课程应是一个多学科分析和作用的地方，这些问题和论题是来自社会生活在学生内心深处的学校经历。_ 7. The curriculum of a school should be determined by information that is essential for all students to know. 学校课程应由知识决定，这些知识就是基本的所有学生都应知道的。_ 8. Schools, above all, should develop students abilities to think deeply, analytically, and creatively;
7、 this is more important than developing their social skills or providing them with a useful body of knowledge about our ever-changing world. 学校最重要的应深入思考发展学生的能力：分析能力、创造能力，这笔发展他们的社会技能或提供给他们有用的关于我们曾经改变世界的大量知识更重要。_ 9. Schools should prepare students for analyzing and solving the types of problems they w
8、ill face outside the classroom. 学校应使学生有准备为分析和解决他们将在学校外面面临的问题类型。_ 10. Reality is determined by each individuals perceptions. There is no objective and universal reality. 真理是由个体的理解决定的，没有客观和普遍的真实。 _11. People are shaped much more by their environment than by their genetic dispositions or the exercise o
9、f their free will. 人们更多的是被环境塑造，而不是它们的遗传特性或按照他们意愿的训练。_12. Schools should engage students in the analysis of major institutions and social issues so that social problems, causes, and ways to respond could be identified. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2
10、页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 学校应使学生从事于在分析主要的制度和社会论点，这样对于社会问题、原因和方法的回应将被确定认。_13. Students should not be promoted from one grade to the next until they have read and mastered certain key material. 如果学生没有学习和掌握某些关键的内容，他们不能从一个年级升到下一个年级。_14. An effective education is not aimed at the immediate needs of the
11、 students or society. 一个有效的教育不是针对学生或社会目前的需要。_15. The curriculum of a school should be built around the personal experiences and needs of the students. 学校课程应围绕个人的体验和学生的需要而设立。_16. Students who do not want to study much should not be required to do so. 学生不应该去学大量的不必需的东西。_17. Programmed learning is an ef
12、fective method of teaching information. 一循序渐进自学的教育方式是一个有效地教授知识的方法。_18. School curriculum should emphasize the common good over that of the individual. 学校课程应强调共同的利益超过个体的利益。_19. Academic rigor is an essential component of education. 理论上的严谨是教育的基本要素。_20. All students, regardless of ability, should study
13、 more or less the same curriculum. 所有学生，不论能力，将学习或多或少同样的课程。_21. Art classes should focus primarily on individual expression and creativity. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 艺术课应集中到个体的表达和创造上。_22. Effective learning is unstruc
14、tured and informal. 有效的学习施肥结构和非正规的。_23. Students learn best through reinforcement. 学生学习最好通过强化。_24. Students learn more outside the classroom than in. 学生在课堂以外比在课堂内获得的更多。_25. Effective schools assign a substantial amount of homework. 有效的学校安排充实数量的家庭作业。_26. Education should focus on the discussion of qu
15、estions such as What is beauty? or What is truth? 教育应集中讨论的问题例如什么是美丽？或什么是真理？_27. Since students learn effectively through social interaction, schools should plan for substantial social interaction in their curricula. 由于通过社会互动学生有效地学习，学校应在他们的课程中安排充实的社会互动。_28. The purpose of school is to help students u
16、nderstand and find the meaning of their existence. 学校的主要目的是帮助学生理解和发现它们存在的意义。_29. Frequent objective testing is the best way to determine what students know. 频繁的目标测试是决定学生知道什么的最佳途径。_30. Students need to have experiences which develop their desire and capacity to respond to social needs. 学生需要已有的发展他们的愿望
17、和能力的经验去回应社会的需要（对社会需要作出反应）。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 _31. China must become more competitive economically with countries such as Japan, and schools have an affirmative obligation to bolster their academic requirements
18、 in order to facilitate such competition. 中国必须成为经济更有竞争力的国家，如同日本。为了这场竞争，学校有一个明确的义务去支持他们学术上的要求。_32. Students must be taught to appreciate learning primarily for its own sake, rather than because it will help them in their careers. 必须教育学生为他们自己的兴趣重视主要的学习，而不是因为学习将在他们的职业生涯中帮助他们。_33. Schools must place mor
19、e emphasis on teaching about the concerns of minorities and women. 学校必须在教学中着重强调关心少数民族和妇女。_34. Each person has free will to develop as he or she sees fit. 每人都有自由意志去发展他或她认为适合的。_35. Reward students well for learning and they will remember and be able to apply what they learned, even if they were not le
20、d to understand why the information is worth knowing. 适当的为学习和他们将记住并且能够应用他们所学到的奖励学生，即使他们没有被引导去理解为什么那个信息是值得了解的。_36.A project-based curriculum based on social needs is necessary training to participate in a democracy. 基于社会需要的一个基本的课程计划是必须训练在民主的氛围中分享。_37. Chinese schools should attempt to instill traditi
21、onal Chinese values in students. 中国的学校应该在学生中努力灌输传统的中国价值观。_38. Teacher-guided discovery of profound truths is a key method of teaching students. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 教师指导发现深刻的真理是一个关键的教学生的方法_39. Students should be
22、 active participants in the learning process. 在学习活动中学生应是积极的参与者。_40. There are no external standards of beauty. Beauty is what an individual decides it to be. 没有一个美的外部标准，美丽的标准是个体决定的。_41. We can place a lot of faith in our schools and teachers to determine which student behaviors are acceptable and wh
23、ich are not. 我们能在我们的学校和教师中寄予大量的信任去决定那些学生的行为是可接受的，那些是不可接受的。_42. Curriculum must encourage participation, critical analysis, and action. 课程必须鼓励参与、批判分析和行动。_43. Schools must provide students with a firm grasp of basic facts regarding the books, people, and events that have shaped the Chinese heritage. 学
24、校必须提供给学生对关于书、人民和被发展的中国传统事件的牢固认识。_44. Philosophy is ultimately at least as practical a subject to study as is computer science. 哲学最终如同计算机科学一样，至少是作为实用科学去学习，_45. Teachers must stress for students the relevance of what they are learning to their lives outside, as well as inside, the classroom. 教师必须向学生强调
25、那些他们正在学的既有外界生活的也有课堂内的内容的实用性。_46. It is more important for a student to develop a positive self-concept than to learn specific subject matter. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 发展学生积极的自我概念比学习特定的学科内容更重要。_47. Learning is more e
26、ffective when students are given frequent tests to determine what they have learned. 当学生被频繁的测验已决定他们学到什么时学习是更有效的。_48. The overall education experience should minimize the importance of individual student achievement. 所有教育体验应把学生个体成绩的重要性最小化。Now that you have responded to all 48 items, write the number
27、of your response to each statement in the spaces below. Add the numbers in each column to determine your attitudes toward key educational philosophies. 现在你有48 项回答项目，在下面的格内写下你对每一项陈述的回答数字，合计每一纵列的数字，由此决定你趋向主要教育哲学的观点。A Essentialism 基本教育说B Perennialism 永恒主义C Progressivism 进步主义D Existentialism 存在主义E Socia
28、l Reconstructionism 社会重建主义F Behaviori行为主义1._ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 11. _ 12. _13. _ 14. _ 15. _ 16. _ 17. _ 18. _19. _ 20. _ 21. _ 22. _ 23. _ 24. _25. _ 26. _ 27. _ 28. _ 29. _ 30. _31. _ 32. _ 33. _ 34. _ 35. _ 36. _37. _ 38. _ 39. _ 40. _ 41. _ 42. _43. _ 44. _ 45. _ 46. _
29、 47. _ 48. _These scores, in columns A through F respectively, represent how much you agree or disagree with the beliefs of six major educational philosophies: essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - -
30、 - - - - - 8 existentialism, social reconstructionism, and behaviorism. The higher your score, the more you agree with philosophers who represent that viewpoint. The highest possible score in any one area is 40, and the lowest possible score is 8. Scores in the mid to high 30s indicate strong agreem
31、ent, and scores below 20 indicate disagreement with the tenets of a particular philosophy. Compare your six scores. What is your highest? What is your lowest? Now you have done some initial examination of what you believe about education, and you have even given yourself a philosophical label. But w
32、hat do these philosophical labels or terms mean? 在从 A到 F 的纵列中，所得的分数代表了你对六种主要的教育哲学同意与不同意的信仰程度。六种教育哲学是：基本教育学说（要素主义，实在论）、永恒主义、进步主义、存在主义、社会重建主义、行为主义。你的分数越高，你就越同意那个哲学所代表的观点，在任何一个哲学的领域最高分为40 分，最低的可能分数是8，30 分以上是非常同意，低于20 分显示不同意那个教育哲学原理，比较你的六个分数，什么是你最高的？什么是你最低的？现在你做了一个关于教育哲学的初步测试，并给你一个哲学的标签，但这个哲学的标签是什么含义呢？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -