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1、1 高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理第一类 If虚拟条件句分三种时态：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。*条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟 )条件句两种。真实条件句的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句的假想与事实相反或不大可能会发生，试比较：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间， 我就同他们去。 (陈述语气 ) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气 ) 时态主句If 引导的从句例句与现在相反would/should/could/might + V原V过去式 did
2、 *be 多用 were 1. If I were you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去相反would/should/could/might + have done V过去完成式had done1.If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2.If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 与将来相反would/shoul
3、d/could/might + V原动词过去式should +V原were +to do1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. * 规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）注：几点特别说明1、l would/should/could/might 主句谓语中的 should主要用于第一人称后；would 表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，migh
4、t 表示可能性， could 表示能力、允许或可能性。If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果 ) If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试， 你可能会成功的。 (might表可能 ) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - -
5、- - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 2、 错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。3、 If 虚拟条件句的否定 （含蓄条件句） 常
6、考两个句型： If it werent for,和 If it hadnt been for, ，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded. =But for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded. =Without your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded. 4、
7、 If 虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder. Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me, , ) 第二类 Wish/if only/would rather愿望、好像从句 as if(though) 1.Wish从句 , 就好了动词过去式或 were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动
8、词过去式 +动词原形与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.) I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I wish they would let us get some sleep. * wish 与 hope接宾语从句的区别在于： hope表示一般可以实现的希望， 宾语从句用陈述语气。 wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they wil
9、l come. (We don t know if they can come.) （2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) 2. if only 后的句子用虚拟语气要是, 就好了if only 与 I wish 一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。If only she
10、would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! *if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。3. would rather 后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去在 would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的 that从句中 , 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示宁愿做什么 ，具体用法为：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天 (现在)去。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心
11、整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 用过去完成时表过去的愿望Id rather you hadn t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。4. as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气以 as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish 用法相同，例：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。He talks as if he had been ab
12、road. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。注：两点说明(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。(2) 注意 It isnt as if, 的翻译：It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子 (或他又不穷 )。第三类从句中 should+ 动词原形， should 可省略l. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up
13、her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。2. 表应当做 值得做一类动词后+ that 宾语从句建议 advise, suggest, propose, recommend 提议 move, vote 命令 order, command 指示 direct 请求 ask, demand, require, request 敦促 urge 希望 desire 坚持 insist 打算 intend 安排 arrange ex. I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦
14、促他们到欧洲去。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。She desires that he do it. 她
15、希望他做此事。The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示” insist 表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 比较：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I shoul
16、d read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。3. order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand 等名词后+ 表语从句或同位语从句Our suggestion is that you（ should ）be the first to go 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。*
17、advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order 4. “It is (was)+ 紧急 重要- 带感情色彩上述 demand/suggest等动词过去分词或important, natural, strange ,necessary ，surprised, appropri
18、ate等形容词后的主语从句1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m. 2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once. *It is necessary ，important，strange ，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative( 绝 对 必 要 ), impossible, imprope
19、r, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed 第四类 It s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了*有时也用过去进行时或“ should+动词原形” (较少见，且 should 不能省略 ) ex. Its time we went were going, should go . 我们该走了。Its time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。 (不用 were) Its time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -