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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2022 高考英语考点语法单项超级归纳六、动词的时态和语态1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以 do 为例）用法名称构成1. 一般现在时表示常常发生、习惯性动作、 客观真理、 科学事实、格言,目前的特点、状态、才能等；2. 主句是一般将来时 , 时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表 示将来；一般现do/does, 连系 I ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.在时动词 is/am/are 3. 在以 here,there开
2、头的句子里,go,come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作；一般过did, 连系动词There goes the bell.铃响了；或过去某一There comes the bus.汽车来了；Here she comes.她来了；表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,去时was/were 时间内常常发生或反复发生的动作或行为；1. 表示正在进行的动作；2. 表示按方案支配即将发生的动作；She is leaving for Beijing. 她要去北京；He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 现在进is/am/are doing 从明天起他要做老
3、师；My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 行时这个星期六我爸爸要来看我；3. 代替一般现在时,描画更加生动；The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流；The sun is rising in the east. 太阳从东方冉冉升起；1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 过去进was/were doing 2. 表示动作在另一过去动作发
4、生时进行They were still working when I left. 行时3. 用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV. 4. 表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已名师归纳总结 现在完has/have done 完成的动作；room. 第 1 页,共 6 页I have finished the report./ She has cleand the 成时2. 表示从过去开头,待续到现在的动作或状态,
5、往往和“ for.” , “ since.” 表述的一段时间状语连用；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3. 表示“ 曾经到过某地（人已回来）” 用“have/has been to ” , 表示“ 到某地去了（仍未回来）” 用“have/has gone to ” ；Where is Li Hua. He has gone to the reading-room.
6、She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there. 4. 短暂动词（即瞬时动词） ,join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等,在完成时态 He 中,其确定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；不能说：has joined the army for three years. 要翻译“ 他已参军已经三年了；” 可采纳 “ ago 法”He joined the army three years ago. “ 连
7、续法”He has been in the army for three years. “ since 法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 1. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作；He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到过去完had done 另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至仍要连续下去；成时At the age of te
8、n,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3. 常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的期望、准备或意图；We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 将来完will/shall have 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作；常和by 短语, when,before引起的时间状语连用；成时done We will
9、 have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 现在完has/have been 用来表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在（仍要连续下成进行去）的动作； He has been doing the maths problems since doing 时8:00. 过去完had been doing 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到另一个过去成进行时刻才完成,仍将连续下去；时名师归纳总结 一般将will/shall do 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况第 2 页,共 6 页is/am/are going 来时（详
10、见下面2. 一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）to do - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载is/am/are（about ）to do 1. 相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态过去将would/should do He told me he would go to Beijing.他告知我他将去北京；was/were going I was told that he was going to return home. to do 有人告知我他预备回家；来时was/were（about ）2. would do表示过去的习
11、惯 总是 , 总会 , 常常to do He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时悄悄地坐着；2. 一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较1 将来时用法等词可用进行时例be + doing 进行时表将来go, come, start, move, leave, arriveHe is moving to表示按方案即将发生的动作Are they leavin2 be about to + 动词原形表示支配或方案中的立刻就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时I was about to lrang. 间状语The meeting is 3 be to + 动词原形表示按方案
12、进行或征求对方看法可用一般现在时表Were to meet aat noon. The meeting 时刻表上或日程支配上早就定好的事情,oclock.4 一般现在时表将来示将来The plane leaevening. 3. 简单混淆的时态比较项目区别We haven例句t heard from Jane for a long time. W_ to her. A. was happening B. happens C. ha现在完成时强调过去动 happened 作对现在产生的影响或 说明：说话者强调 Jane 目前的状况 . 造成的结果 Mr. Lee, who _ as a carp
13、enter for overa very famous statesman in this country. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较A. has worked B. had worked C. worke 只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _一般过去时只表达过去 的动作或状态A. don t know; were you B. hadnC. haven t known; are D. didnbeen 说明： didn t know 强调见面前不知道I read the novel last month. 只说
14、明上个月看了记住 名师归纳总结 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的着 重 表 示 动 作 的 结 果I have read that book.我读过那本书了； （知道那比较时,用现在完成时第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 Hi, Tracy, you look tired. 着重表示动作始终在进 I am tired. I _ the living room all 行,即动作的连续性时,A. painted B. had painted 就用现在完成进行时 C. have been painting D. hav
15、e painted 说明：强调动作从过去到现在的连续现在进行时与过去进行时的比较现在进行时表示现在某I dont really work here. I _ until the new A. just help out; comes B. have juscome 个时候或某段时间正在C. am just helping out; comes D. will j, until 进行的动作come 说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作句 , 动词需用一般现在时； Hey, look where you are going. 过去进行时表示某个时 Oh, I m terribly sorry. _.
16、t notici候或某段时间正在进行A. I m not noticing. B. I wasn 的动作C. I haven t noticed. D. I don t notice说明：对话的后者明显是在说明刚才不当心冒犯对 Tom_ into the house when no one _ A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; no一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时只表达过去C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; n的动作或状态说明：slip和 notice 为同时发生的动作, 因此 B、C为过去进行
17、时表示某个时指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了）,when no one 溜进去的一刹那发生的情形（没有人留意）；.He _ a book about China last year, but I_ it. A.wrote; has finished B. was writ候或某段时间正在进行C. was writing; had finished D. wrote;的动作说明：正确选项为B. 从 I don t know if he has他去年始终在写；II. 1 2 3 4 5 注 意动词的被动语态常用被构成常用被动语构成动语态态一般现am/is/are done 6 过去进行时was/we
18、re being done 在时一般过was/were done 7 现在完成时have/has been done 去时一般将shall/will be done 8 过去完成时had been done 来时过去将should/would be done 9 将来完成时will/would have been done 来时现在进am/is/are being done 10 含有情态动can/must/may be done 行时词的被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not ,短语动词的被动态不行漏掉其中介副词；固定结构be going to, used to,have to
19、, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态；Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of 事 by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载项 汉语有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示：It is believed thatIt is generally c
20、onsidered thatIt is said thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is well known thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that被动语态的句型1. 常见句式是：主语（受动者）be过去分词（by施动者）：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2. 主语 get 过去分词其它成分：because of her faults. The boy got drowned last su
21、mmer./ She got fired 使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者”的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也3. 带有双宾语 （直接宾语和间接宾语）可以是间接宾语；She lent me a bike.被动： I was lent a bikeby her. A bike was lent to meby her. 4. 情态动词 be过去分词： This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5. 双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken
22、 out of the reading-room. The murderer was ordered to be shot. 下面主动形式常表示被动意义 1. 不 及 物 动 词 与 状 语 连 用 , 用 以 表 示 主 语 的 品 质 和 状 态 ； 常 见 动 词 是 ：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash 等；This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切； These books sell well. 这些书 好卖；The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅；Meat wont keep long in such
23、 动hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长期；形容词；常见The cloth washes well.这种布好洗；2.一些连系动词的主动式look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等；The apples taste good. The flower smells wonderful. The news proved/turned out true. Cotton feels soft. 不行变为被动语态的几种情形1.I teach myself French.不行变为Myself is taught French.由于反身代词不行作主语；2
24、.We help each other/one another.不行变为 Each other/One another is helped by us. 由于相互代词不行作主语；3.He lost heart. 不行变为 Heart was lost by him. 由于象 lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought 这类动宾结构的固 定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式；4.She took part in the sports meet. by her. 不能变为 The sports meet was taken part in
25、由于象 take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态；含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢 Much attention must be paid to your handwriting. 名师归纳总结 特殊留意以下句子的结构：Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih . 第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, 名师归纳总结 fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, 第 6 页,共 6 页agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等- - - - - - -